مجله طب پیشگیری
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار 1394)

Low physical activity causes overweight and obesity. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with the risk of many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was Prediction of Physical Activity based on BASNEF Model Constructs in female teachers in schools of Bandar Abbas. In this cross-sectional study data of 87 female teachers working in sixteen schools of Bandar Abbas were analyzed. Data were collected by a questionnaire based on BASNEF Model Constructs and analyzed using SPSS 19 software and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that subjective norms (B=0. 23، p<0. 03) and enabling factors (B=0. 29، p<0. 005) predict significantly intention for physical activity، the more subjective norms and enabling factors scores، the more intention for physical activity. Also the results showed that intention (B=0. 56، p<0. 001) and enabling factors (B=0. 21، p<0. 01) predict significantly physical activity، the more intention and enabling factors scores، the more physical activity. It is recommended that in design and implementation of interventions to encourage women to do physical activity، appropriate programs in order to influence subjective norms and increase enabling factors and ultimately intention for physical activity should be considered.

In metal machining processes, the regulation of heat generation and lubrication at the contact point are achieved by application of a fluid referred to as metalworking fluid (MWF). MWFs inevitably become operationally exhausted with age and intensive use, which leads to compromised properties, there by necessitating their safe disposal. Disposal of this waste through Coagulation-flocculation process is an increasingly attractive option. However, successful chemical coagulation depends on optimization of process. In this study, response surface methodology was used to optimization of process. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and amount of oil released obtained using ferric chloride were compared with those was predicted using quadratic models. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) were applied to optimize the operating variables including coagulant dosage and pH. Quadratic models were developed for the three responses (COD, turbidity, oil released from metal working fluid). The results of this study indicated that the optimum conditions were ferric chloride dosage of 3.16 g/L at pH 3.52. The COD and turbidity removal efficiency and oil released from metal working fluid were 54.4%, 84.8% and 15.9 ml respectively. The experimental data and model predictions were agreed. Coagulation - Flocculation process using ferric chloride compared with conventional coagulants such as Alum was very effective on pollution indices such as COD and turbidity in treatment of metal working fluid. Response surface methodology and central composite design is a successful method for optimization of coagulation-flocculation using ferric chloride.

Recognizing tooth health condition in each region is essential in order to take prevention measures. Dental exam is the most effective way of determining tooth health condition. The aim of this study was to determine decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) indices and their related factors in 7-12 year old students in the city of Bandar Abbas in 2014. In this descriptive - analytical cross sectional study a total of 768 school children (384 girls and 384 boys) were randomly selected from schools. Pupils were examined clinically for dental caries according to world health organization criteria (DMFT) and dental caries prevalence. Dental examinations of students were done under artificial light, using explorer, glove, mask, flash light and dental mirrors and results were recorded in world health organization standard form. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 Software and Chi- Square tests. The differentiations with P<0/05 were significant. Dental caries prevalence "overall" was 65.2, in permanent dentition. The mean DMFT index was 1.61 in girls and 1.98 in boys. The mean DMFT index (total) was 1.8. Comparing means of DMFT index showed significant differences between the gender (P=0.009) and age (P=0.001). Dental caries prevalence among 7-12 years-old school children in Bandar Abbas is higher than the global standard of WHO. The current study has identified a very high prevalence of caries among school children with male gender status. Therefore, improving the existing dental services and performing early oral education, prevention and treatment programs for school children seems to be necessary in the future.

Malaria is a major mosquito-borne disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is one the most important health problem in south and southeast of Iran, especially in eastern parts of Hormozgan Province. Sirik County is one of the important malaria endemic areas in southeast of Iran. Considering the importance of anopheline mosquitoes in malaria transmission and vectors control strategy for prevention and control of disease, this study was conducted to determine the fauna and distribution of anopheleline mosquitoes in Sirik County. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. The anopheline larvae were collected using the standard dipping method. Specimens were preserved in test-tubes containing lacto-phenol and transferred to the laboratory. In the laboratory, each of third and fourth instar anopheline larvae were individually mounted on a microscope slide and identified to species by morphological criteria and using identification keys. In this study, in total 532 anopheline mosquitoes were collected and identified. They comprised of six species: Anopheles dthali (29.32%), Anopheles stephensi (23.31%), Anopheles moghulensis (22.55 %), Anopheles superpictus (10.53%), Anopheles culicifacies (9.96%), and Anopheles turkhudi (4.33%). In this study An. dthali as the main malaria vector was the most abundant species and collected from all of the study areas. Moreover, An. moghulensis was predominant species in mountainous areas. This study showed a high anopheline species richness in Sirik so that four out of eight anopheline species which are known to be malaria vectors in Iran collected from this county and reduction of mosquito density can have a great impact on successful malaria elimination program in this county.

A diet rich of fruits and vegetables, especially in adolescence due to fast growth during this period and need for a lot of nutrients, is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between decisional balance and self-efficacy with stages of change for consumption of fruits and vegetables in high school students in Bandar Abbas. In this cross-sectional study data of 345 students studying in eight high schools of Bandar Abbas was analyzed. In order to collect data separate questionnaires to measure each of the variables included stages of change for consumption of fruit and vegetables, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were designed. Decisional balance was measured as perceived benefits minus perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that with the progress of students from precontemplation stage to maintenance stage, decisional balance and self-efficacy for consumption of fruits has significantly increased (P<0.001). The lowest level of decisional balance and self-efficacy for consumption of fruits was in students who were in precontemplation stage and the highest was in students who were in maintenance stage. Regarding consumption of vegetables the same trend was observed. It is recommended that in designing interventions in order to modify and change behaviors related to consumption of fruits and vegetables, decisional balance and self-efficacy be considered and in educational programs based on trans-theoretical model increasing the perceived benefits and self-efficacy and decreasing the perceived barriers be emphasized.

Nowadays use of computers in necessary for tasks and less work can be found with no use of the computer. Based on previous studies prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users is high. The aim of this study was evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders using Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method in computer users. This cross-sectional study carried out on 96 computer users in Isfahan University. Data collection tool was Nordic questionnaire and checklist of Rapid Office Strain Assessment method. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics and ANOVA tests were used. Results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulder (62.1%), neck (54.9%) and back (53.1%) is more than in other parts of the body of studied computer users. based on the level of risk assigned by ROSA method 19 individuals were in low risk region, 50 in warning rejoin, and 27 in danger and need for ergonomics interventions rejoin. Also ANOVA test showed that There is direct and significant correlation between gender, age, and working hours experience with a final score ROSA (P<0/001). The results of this study indicated that ROSA method for evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders in computer users is a suitable method. It was also revealed that computer users depending on their jobs are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders and must use ergonomic interventions such as education of ergonomic principles for computer users, reduction of working hours with computers, and performing stretch exercise to reduce musculoskeletal disorders carried out.

Recycling after waste reduction is a second-priority strategy in waste management. One of the recyclable materials in the waste is paper. Health centers are one of the sources of waste paper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of waste produced in remedial sanitary center of Babolsar city with an emphasis on paper recycling. This was a descriptive analytical study in Babolsar city, which was conducted during 3 months in 12 health centers. Produced wastes of health care centers separated at the end of working hours and weighed with accuracy of ±0.1 gr. Results of the study showed that 9.875 tons of waste are produced annually, out of which, 1.47 tons is paper. Maximum and minimum generated waste paper in the health centers was related to Setad and Arabkhil health centers, respectively. Maximum per capita of waste production of Azizak and Setad centers were 34.80 and 10.7 grams per day, respectively and the minimum per capita for Bagher tangeh and Behnamir was 9.92 and 1.8 gr. Regarding the role of waste in environmental pollution, recycling of health centers waste papers of Babolsar city can led to prevention of environment pollution and loss of national properties.

Adolescence is a critical period with changes in the physical, emotional and developmental traits which is considered as a preparation phase for adulthood. The trend of these changes will determine the health behavior of adults. Therefore, motivation of teenagers to perform healthy behaviors is a priority of community public health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the educational intervention on health promoting behaviors of high school students in the Karaj city. This experimental study was performed on 400 high school students in the Karaj city. Participants were randomly selected by multi-stage sampling method. Educational intervention was performed using lecture and question and answer method. Data were collected using the demographic and health promoting behaviors (HPLP) questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS 19. Performing educational intervention increased the mean score of some health promoting behavior dimensions including responsibility for health, physical activity, nutrition, interpersonal relationships (P<0.0001), But spiritual growth and stress management did not change significantly(P>0.05). No significant changes were observed in the dimensions of health promoting behaviors in the control group (P>0.05) The findings indicated that educational intervention could improve health-promoting behaviors of the studied population. Therefore it is necessary to design and implement such educational program for promoting healthy behaviors of students.