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Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology - Volume:6 Issue: 5, Oct 2015

Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:6 Issue: 5, Oct 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/08/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Maryam Radmehr, Soheil Meghdadi, Maryam Bahmanzadeh, Susan Sabbagh * Page 1
    Background
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, idiopathic and the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that progresses to severe disability. Prevalence of MS is 2 - 150 per 100,000 people. The main cause of the disease is not clear and occurs due to a combination of both genetic and environmental factors..
    Objectives
    The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of MS in the northern cities of Khuzestan Province, Iran, as well as to determine the demographic characteristics, initial symptoms at onset, clinical features and the correlation between the above factors with each other..Patients and
    Methods
    In this descriptive correlational study, patients were recruited through the MS Society as well as the neurology clinics and departments of hospitals in north cities of Khuzestan Province (Iran). Data were collected through completing a face to face questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS version 17 and the chi-square test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significance..
    Results
    A total of 142 patients were participated in this study. Prevalence of MS was 15 per 100,000 people. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had low literacy, and 81% were unemployed. Female to male ratio was 2.08: 1 that became less in younger patients. 69% and 15% of the patients were relapsing remitting and progressive relapsing, respectively. Demographic characteristics of the patients did not show any statistically significant relationship with clinical courses and signs at onset; however, a significant correlation was seen between severe disability and sex (P = 0.001) as well as between severe disability and progressive-relapsing subtype (P = 0.02)..
    Conclusions
    The prevalence of MS showed an increasing rate of the disease in recent years. Decreasing of the female to male ratio and patients’ low socio-economic level, need more studies. The increasing rate of patients with progressive relapsing feature and more disabled patients belong to this subtype show the poor prognosis..
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Prevalence, Demography, Sex Ratio
  • Alireza Kheirollah *, Ahmad Maghuli, Payam Dalvand, Marzieh Mohaghegh, Tara Barat, Mohammad Aberomand Page 2
    Background
    Diabetes is one of the most prevalent abnormalities in all over the world. Nowadays, there are lots of attempts to reduce its disturbances and defects by changing life style to access some moderate effect with minimum side effects..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of hexagonal water in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats..
    Materials And Methods
    This experimental study was performed on 24 male rats, which became diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), then were divided into two groups, control diabetic rats and hexagonal-treated diabetic rats (test group). Hexagonal water was administered to the test group and control group received normal water..
    Results
    After 4 weeks, results showed a significant decrease in serum glucose and triglyceride levels and more water intake in the hexagonal group, suggesting that consumption of the hexagonal water can make a better hydration and metabolic condition in diabetic rats..
    Conclusions
    Hexagonal water has no significant effect(s) on total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL; however, more experiments are needed to clarify all aspects of hexagonal water consumption on diabetes..
    Keywords: Hexagonal, Water, Blood Glucose, Lipid, Profile, Diabetic, Rats
  • Hamed Rezaei Nasab *, Rouhollah Ranjbar, Abdolhamid Habibi, Saeed Shakerian Page 3
    Background
    Type 2 diabetes and obesity are related to other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, visceral obesity increase and metabolic syndrome with high danger of cardiovascular disease expansion..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes, substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were affected by the type of intensity of acute aerobic exercise they were provided..
    Materials And Methods
    Nine men with type 2 diabetes (Mean ± SD; age 52.6 ± 0.36 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) = 30.3 ± 2.4) and 9 obese control group (Mean ± SD; age 49.1 ± 1.4 years, BMI = 31.3 ± 1.8) were participated in this study. In the first session, anthropometric measurements, body composition and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) were measured in all subjects. In the next sessions, subjects completed two acute aerobic exercises on separate days in a crossover design. The two exercise trials performed at intensity of 60% and 80% VO2 peak after fasting for at least 10 hours. Means of volume of oxygen (VO2) and Volume of Carbon dioxide (VCO2) were calculated during 30 minutes for measuring the rates of fat oxidation, carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure at each intensity..
    Results
    The results showed that substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were lower in the diabetic group (P < 0.05) compared to the control one. Also, the results revealed that carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure were statistically increased by providing high intensity rather than moderate intensity; however, fat oxidation was statistically increased by providing moderate intensity rather than high intensity (P < 0.05)..
    Conclusions
    According to the results of the present study, aerobic exercise at moderate intensity and proper time can be considered as a special treatment to prevent diabetes complications and related disorders, particularly obesity..
    Keywords: Exercise, Energy Metabolism, Diabetes, Substrate Oxidation
  • Mansooreh Dehghani, Samaneh Shahsavani *, Narges Shamsedini, Mohammad Reza Javaheri Page 4
    Background
    Nitrate is largely dissolved in the surface and ground water, due to its high solubility. Continual uptake of nitrite through drinking water can lead to problems and diseases (such as blue baby) for humans, especially children..
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to develop a new and inexpensive method for the removal of nitrate from water. In this regard, the possibility of using chaff for removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions was studied and the optimum operating conditions of nitrate removal was determined..
    Materials And Methods
    This is a cross-sectional study conducted in laboratory scale. The UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of maximum absorbance (220 nm) was used to determine the nitrate concentration. The effect of pH, amount of chaff, temperature, and contact time were investigated..
    Results
    The result of this study revealed that chaff as an absorbent could remove nitrate from solutions, and the efficiency of adsorption increased as contact time increased from 5 to 30 minutes, amount of chaff increased from 1 to 3 g, temperature increased in a range of 300 - 400°C and the amount of pH decreased from 10 to 3. The maximum adsorption rate was around pH 3 (53.14%)..
    Conclusions
    It was shown that the removal efficiency of nitrate was directly proportional to the amount of chaff, temperature, and contact time but inversely to the pH. This study showed that nitrate removal by chaff is a promising technique..
    Keywords: Nitrates, Adsorption, Water Treatment, Anions, Nitrate Removal, Adsorption, Rice Chaff
  • Saleh Rasras, Alireza Teimouri *, Fardin Ranjbar, Iman Zaeim, Mohammad Ardeshiri Page 5
    Introduction
    Hydatid disease is caused most common by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. The former is the most common and is endemic in areas such as Australia, New Zealand, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and South America. Typical presentations of hydatid disease have been frequently described in the literature; however, uncommon presentations have not been thoroughly documented..
    Case Presentation
    Here, we report three rare but well-documented cases of central nervous system hydatid cysts that occurred in patients in Iran..
    Conclusions
    We also provide a brief review of the literature examining similar occurrences. This article intends to provide thorough information about the disease for readers..
    Keywords: Brain, Larva, Echinococcus granulosus
  • Mohammad Reza Aramesh *, Mosoud Dehdashtian, Arash Malekian, Reza Babapour Page 6
    Background
    Diabetes is defined as an abnormal increase in blood glucose levels and is the most common disease that can complicate pregnancy. Leptin, a hormone produced mainly in adipose tissue, plays an important role in preventing fat accumulation in tissues such as skeletal muscle and myocardium and can be used to evaluate changes in lipid levels effectively. Leptin cannot cross the placental barrier, and its level in the umbilical cord is of fetal origin..
    Objectives
    Due to the lack of similar studies in Ahvaz, we aimed to determine the relationship between umbilical blood levels of this hormone with growth indices of newborns with normal mothers and mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)..
    Materials And Methods
    After delivery and using the aseptic method, 5 mL of blood from the umbilical vein was taken immediately by staffs to separate serum and was then stored at −20°C. Serum level of leptin was measured using the Elisa method in two groups: “case” and “control.” All information collected in the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS-19 software as well as other statistical methods..
    Results
    Serum leptin levels in the cord blood of mothers with GDM were significantly higher than in normal mothers. There was a significant relationship between serum leptin levels and birth weight in infants with diabetic mothers. In this study, no significant correlation was observed between cord leptin levels and other growth indices..
    Conclusions
    Changes in neonatal leptin levels can reflect changes in the body fat tissue and neonatal birth weight and could be effective in predicting weight gain in newborns with mothers who have gestational diabetes and may reduce birth trauma or future complications..
    Keywords: Leptin, Umbilical Cord, Diabetes, Growth
  • Zohreh Badiyepeymaie Jahromi *, Marzieh Kargar, Somayeh Ramezanli Page 7
    Background
    Scholars believe that if nursing students appreciate the value of their services, their sense of professionalism will increase and performance will improve. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between nursing students’ professional self-concept and clinical performance..
    Objectives
    This study examines the relationship between nurse self-concept and clinical performance among nursing students..Patients and
    Methods
    This cross-sectional analytical study employed the census method. The sample comprised 86 senior and junior nursing students at Jahrom university of medical sciences. Nurse self-concept and clinical performance were measured by using the nurses’ self-concept questionnaire (NSCQ), and the 6-dimension scale of nurse performance (6-DSNP), respectively..
    Results
    The mean and standard deviation of nurse self-concept and clinical performance scores were 5.46 ± 1.11 and 2.94 ± 1.45, respectively. Nurse self-concept was related to clinical performance (r = 0.24, P = 0.02). Total NSCQ scores were significantly related to four of the 6-DSNP dimensions: planning and evaluation, interpersonal relations and communication, critical care, and leadership..
    Conclusions
    Attempts should be made to enhance students’ nurse self-concept during their education. Counseling, improving public respect for nurses, and implementing measures to enhance students’ professional self-concept are essential for improving their performance..
    Keywords: Self, Concept, Performance, Clinical, Students, Nursing
  • Nasrin Ghoochani, Majid Karandish *, Karim Mowla, Mohammad Hossein Haghighizadeh, Mohsen Khorami, Mohammad Taha Jalali Page 8
    Background
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder causing disability and loss of function, particularly in the elderly. Preclinical and in-vitro studies for mitigation of OA symptoms suggest the protective role of pomegranate juice against OA; this effect is mainly attributed to its polyphenol content..
    Objectives
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice on physical function of and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with knee OA..Patients and
    Methods
    Thirty-eight patients with knee OA were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The pomegranate juice group (n = 19) consumed 200 mL of pomegranate juice free of sugar and additives daily for 6 weeks. The control group (n = 19) did not receive any intervention. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured using serum samples and physical function of patients was evaluated according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) at baseline and at the end of intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 17..
    Results
    Significant decreases in difficulty of physical function were observed after intervention in the pomegranate juice group (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β before and after the intervention in the two study groups..
    Conclusions
    Taken together, pomegranate juice did not affect serum cytokines levels in patients with OA. Its role in improving physical function in these patients most likely involves other mechanisms..
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Pomegranate, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Alpha, Interleukin, 1beta
  • Shahnaz Mohammadi, Maryam Izadi-Mazidi *, Negin Kazemi Page 9
    Background
    The present study aimed to investigate personality traits and coping strategies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who were admitted to Sina hospital compared with healthy individuals..
    Objectives
    The aim of the present study was to compare personality characteristics and coping strategies between patients with MS and healthy controls..
    Materials And Methods
    The study sample included 55 patients with MS and 57 matched healthy control individuals. The data were gathered via a demographic form, the ways of coping questionnaire, and the NEO five-factor inventory. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and logistic regression..
    Results
    No significant differences in personality characteristics were observed between patients and healthy controls (all P > 0.05). Only the coping strategy subscale of Distancing was significant between patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05; all other subscales P > 0.05). Only the Neuroticism personality trait and the Distancing coping strategy were predictive of group membership (i.e., healthy or patient)..
    Conclusions
    Our study suggests that the personality traits of patients with MS and healthy individuals are not significantly different. Patients with MS are likely to use the same coping strategies as healthy individuals, except in the subscale of Distancing..
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Coping
  • Maryam Bagheri, Sadigheh Fayazi *, Nasrin Elahi, Hamed Tabesh, Nastaran Madjdinasab Page 10
    Background
    Several factors have been reported as risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the main causes of the disease are still unknown. A geographical area with a low MS incidence is Ahvaz, Iran..
    Objectives
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of several demographic characteristics, family history, and birth month with MS in Ahvaz..Patients and
    Methods
    This was a case-control study including 155 MS cases and 155 controls matched for age, sex, and residential status. The participants were selected randomly, using a systematic method, from the MS patients referred to the MS Society of Khuzestan (Iran). The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire designed by the authors to assess demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean, frequency, and standard deviation and inferential statistical tests including χ2, Fisher’s exact test, and logistic regression using SPSS version 19..
    Results
    In both cases and controls, no significant associations were found between Arab ethnicity and incidence of MS, marital status and risk of MS in Ahvaz, or more than 15-year residency in Ahvaz, birth in Khuzestan, and month of birth and the risk of MS (P > 0.05). However, there was a marginally significant association between living from birth to age 15 years in Ahvaz and MS (P = 0.05). Furthermore, there was an association between a family history of MS and the risk of MS in Ahvaz (P = 0.02), which was significant in univariate logistic regression (P = 0.006)..
    Conclusions
    The findings suggested that according to the ecological conditions of Ahvaz, a family history of MS may increase the risk of developing MS..
    Keywords: Case, Control Studies, Multiple Sclerosis, Demography
  • Seyed Masoud Seyedian, Shahla Majididi, Lida Asgharinejad, Mehrnoush Esmaeili, Farzaneh Ahmadi *, Molook Salemzadeh Page 11
    Background
    One billion people in the world are addicted to cigarettes; due to smoking and related illnesses, over five million people in the world, suffered death yearly. Epidemiological studies have shown that more than one case out of 10 cases of cardiovascular deaths, which include 54% of all deaths worldwide, is due to cigarettes..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of smoking on the left and right ventricular (RV) diastolic function..Patients and
    Methods
    One hundred healthy male, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers, underwent echocardiography, before smoking and 5 and 30 minutes after it to compare diastolic function of left ventricular (LV) and RV and examine the chronic and acute effects of smoking..
    Results
    Atrial late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (Am) Atrial and late diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (ams) were high in smokers in comparison to those of the control group before smoking, but there was no difference in tricuspid diastolic parameters. Five minutes later, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was prolonged and ams further increased as a sign of LV diastolic dysfunction. Similar changes occurred in RV, in favor of acute RV diastolic dysfunction. After 30 minutes, early diastolic tricuspid inflow (Et) decreased and ams and late diastolic tricuspid inflow (At) remained high. After five minutes, diastolic blood pressure increased, but returned to normal state after 30 minutes. Pulmonary arterial pressure did not change before and after smoking..
    Conclusions
    Chronic smoking caused left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Acute intake caused left and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Changes persisted up to 30 minutes after smoking, although diastolic blood pressure returned to normal state..
    Keywords: Cigarettes, Left Ventricular Diastolic Function, Right Ventricular Diastolic Function, Echocardiography