فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی زابل
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/09/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Aghdas Asghari Hesamieh, Mohsen Najimi Page 1
    Background
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen and one of themost frequent bacterial agents in nosocomial infections. It causes different types of infections including urinary tract infections and bacteremia. This bacterium has manypathogenic factors including; exotoxin A، lipopolysaccharide، phospholipase C، pili،elastase، flagelline، alginate، and alkaline protease. In this study،frequency of fliC and algD genesin clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strainsisolated from nosocomial infections were analyzed.
    Materials And Methods
    100 Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains were isolated in clinical samples of Amiralmomenin Imam Ali hospital in Zabol. The isolates were identified by biochemical methods، afterwards DNAs were extracted. In order to detect presence of fliC and algD genes among the isolated bacterial strains، special primers were designed and PCR was performed.
    Results
    Results showed 80% strains have fliC and 95% algD، respectively.
    Conclusions
    The results of our study confirm that fliC and algD genes as important virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa، present in isolated bacterial strains considerably. The results of our study showed that alginate gene is so important in pseudomonas aeroginosa strains isolated from urinary tract infectionsand burnwound infections and it can be used for detection of bacteria and also can be used as a vaccine target against this bacterial pathogen.
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fliC, algD, PCR
  • Mehdi Rahnema Page 2
    Background
    Stroke is the third cause of death in the world that causes six million deaths annually. One of the oldest methods of treatment is use of leeches to cure diseases.
    Objectives
    For this reason, in this study have been investigated leech therapy effect on brain edema and neurological deficits caused by stroke.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study 18 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group; the control group were received distilled water, The second group were treated with leeches twice: once 10 days before surgery and again 2 hours before surgery. These groups were underwent 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion and brain edema and neurologic deficits analysis were assessed. In Sham group were not happened treatment and induction of the brain ischemia. Brain edema was analyzed by SPSS18 software by LSD method and neurologic deficits analysis by Mann-Whitney U.
    Results
    The results showed that the leech therapy decreases the brain edema (80.91±0.72) and neurological deficit score (P < 0.05).
    Conclusions
    It seems leech therapy due to reduce brain edema, have a protective effect against neuronal damage and reduces complication of stroke.
    Keywords: Leech Therapy, Stroke, Brain Edema, Neuroligical Deficits
  • Fatemeh Jansouz, Fariba Kamali, Hasan Toozandehjani Page 3
    Background
    Diabetes, is major stressor agents in life and one of the most common and most serious diseases in childhood, and associated with psychological problems. Children and adolescents with diabetes, as well as children with other chronic diseases, may be at increased risk of psychosocial problems and experience level of anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group play therapy on anxiety in children and adolescent with type I diabetes.
    Materials And Methods
    This was a quasi-experimental study (the nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest). For this purpose, 27 children and adolescent referred to a number of diabetes clinics in Mashhad (2014), were selected by availability sampling and randomly allocated into control (n = 13) and experimental (n = 14) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions (90-minute) based on group play therapy. Both groups were assessed by the Revised Children''s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) before and after the intervention. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance test was performed.
    Results
    The results indicate that, there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores, in experimental group (P < 0.001). So, we can say that anxiety was significantly decreased in the experimental group than the control group after the intervention.
    Conclusions
    These findings of this study shows that group play could be effective in reducing anxiety levels in children with type I diabetes.
    Keywords: Group Play Therapy_Anxiety_Type I Diabetes
  • Mohammad Fathi Page 4
    Introduction
    Endurance activity impresses structure and function of heart and it improve Efficiency of it, at other hand PGC-1α factor increases of biogenesis of heart mitochondria. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on cardiac expression of pgc-1 alpha gene.
    Materials And Methods
    For this purpose, 14 rats (113 ± 20 gram) under controlled conditions (temperature, light/dark (12:12) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water) were housed and after familiarization (231 ± 24) there were randomly assigned into control (n = 7) and Experimental (n = 7) groups, the experimental group performed a training program (30 m/minute, 50 minutes, 6 session per week for 14-weeks) on motorized treadmill, and then 48 hours after the end of the last session of training program with control group were anesthetized and sacrificed, then the left ventricle of the heart was removed. Real time RT-PCR and sonography method were used to determine of expression levels of pgc-1 alpha gene and structural changes in left ventricle respectively, finally to compare of data t-test was use.
    Results
    the results showed the structural changes occurred in left ventricle due to 14 weeks endurance training which were found by significant increase of stroke volume (P = 0.003) and left ventricle end diastolic diameter (P = 0.008) in experimental group in compare with control group. Finally the rate of left ventricle pgc-1 alpha gene expression was significantly (P =.002) higher in experimental group than control group.
    Conclusions
    Endurance activities in line with the structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (increased stroke volume and left ventricular end diastolic diameter) increase pgc-1 alpha gene expression.
  • Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Shaghayegh Hajian, Seyede Aida Davari, Ammar Shapary Page 5
    Background
    Reduction of oxidative stress and serum glucose level is definitely important in patients with diabetes.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Karlla Unripe Fruit extract on serum glucose,glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    The number of 40 male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (1-control, 2-diabetic, 3&4-diabetic treated with Karlla extract). Type 1 diabetes was induced by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (42 mg/kg).Karlla Unripe Fruit extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered to treated diabetic groups (group 3 & 4) by gavage for 6 weeks. Then, serum glucose, lipoproteins, glycated hemoglobin and MDA levels were evaluated and compared with one-way ANOVA and tukey statistical analysis. After tissue processing, hepatic histopathological changes were examined under light microscopy.
    Results
    Administration of this extract decreased the serum glucose and MDA levels of treated diabetic group in comparison to diabetic group significantly (P < 0.05) and improved the lipid profile. Histopathological findings confirmed the effective role of this extract (200 mg/kg) in treatment of diabetic disorders. Furthermore, in treated diabetic groups, HDL was significantly increased in comparison to the diabetic group (P < 0.05) but it didn’t have any significant effect on other lipids. HbA1C levels decreased significantly in group treated with 200 mg/kg Karlla fruit extract (P < 0.05).
    Conclusions
    Oral feeding of unripe fruit extract in diabetic rats decreased the amount of glucose, glycated hemoglobin and lipid peroxidation. These effects can be relate to antioxidant compounds of this plant.
    Keywords: karlla, Diabetes, Histopathology, Rat
  • Reza Mohammadpour Dehaki, Hossein Shahdadi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Forogh Forghani Page 6
    Background

    Gestational diabetes is the most common medical disorder during pregnancy that results in maternal and neonatal complications. According to fundamental changes in the screening guidelines and diagnosis of GDM in 2013 by the World Health Organization and the International Committee of the Association of Gestational Diabetes, this study seems to be necessary after the change in diagnosis of diabetes criteria. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with gestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to Zabol health centers.Patients and

    Methods

    In this cross-sectional study of 363 pregnant women who had 24 to 28 weeks of gestation referred to Zabol health centers, and history of diabetes before pregnancy, termination of pregnancy before 24 weeks administration of drugs effecting glucose metabolism such as steroids and patients who have chronic liver disease, glandular and connective tissue disorders were studied. The required data were collected by using a questionnaire which was based on research goals including personal information, and the risk factor of disease, such as maternal body mass index, history of hypertension or diabetes in a previous pregnancy, family history of diabetes, history of birth with more weight than 4 kg, and history of stillbirth Then for pregnant women without a history of diabetes in week 23 - 24 of pregnancy, 75 g oral sugar tolerance test with measuring blood glucose levels before an hour and two hours after taking glucose had been done, and Patients who met the following criteria were considered as gestational diabetes, fasting glucose ≥ 92 mg/dL, 180 mg/dL ≤ sugar-hour and 2-hour glucose ≥ 153 mg/dL.

    Results

    17 cases or 4.7 percent of all subjects, were diagnosed with gestational diabetes among the risk factors surveyed maternal age, body mass index, history of gestational diabetes, family history of diabetes, history of macrosomia and history of abortion were significantly associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between occupation, education level, blood pressure, and a history of stillbirths with gestational diabetes.

    Conclusions

    According to information available in other studies, the prevalence of GD in Zabol province is in a moderate level, and it seems that selective screening based on risk factors associated with is preferred to whole screening.

    Keywords: Gestational Diabetes, Risk Factors, Prevalence
  • Mohammad Abbas Zadeh Bazzi, Shamsedin Niknami, Alireza Heydarnia, Ebrahim Hadjizadeh Page 7
    Introduction
    A better understanding of the determinants of healthy behavior will increase the likelihood of success in interventions.
    Materials And Methods
    Using a multi-stage sampling method, 178 middle-school boy students of Tehran city were selected to participate in a cross sectional study. The students responded to the self-administered questionnaire including risk perception (6 items), self-efficacy (6 items), outcome expectancy (6 items), action planning (5 items), coping planning (6 items), behavioral intention (3 items) and brushing frequency calendar times in the last 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.
    Results
    The strongest correlation was found between action planning and coping planning (r = 0.780, P < 0.01) and the lowest coefficient correlation was observed between action planning and outcome expectancies (r = 0.173, P < 0.05). The HAPA constructs could predict 40.3% of brushing behavior variance and 38.4% of behavioral intention variance (P < 0.01). Behavioral intention (iβ = 0.48, P < 0.01) and Self-efficacy (iβ = 0.28, P < 0.01) were the strongest predictor of tooth brushing behavior.
    Conclusions
    This model was provided a proportion theoretical framework to study of behavioral and its use is recommended in the design of educational interventions.
    Keywords: Health Action Process Approach Model, Brushing, Self, Efficacy, Path Analysis