فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، بهار 1394)

The requital and religious beliefs can be effective in society’s conceptions in all of its aspects. Among this credence is the incident of Kerbela and its occult valuations which influenced the different aspects of social، political and cultural of life in the extent that a collection of ritual-religious ceremonies with the name of passion plays and Shabihkhani has been appeared for the revival of this incident. In the city of Birjand، in south Khorasan، for the consequences of the prevailing social، political and cultural circumstances in various periods several Husseiniyeh mosques has been established for mourning. The outstanding ones of them is the new Shokatiyeh Husseiniyeh Mosques. The goal of the present research is the knowledge and inspection of the manner of standing the ritual ceremonies of passion plays up in new Shokatiyeh Husseiniyeh Mosques as one of the magnificent buildings of Birjand city in the Qajar dynasty. This research has been accomplished with descriptive-analytic method. The knowledge of the framework and architectural materials of Husseiniyeh Mosques and also the awareness of the manner of the passion play celebrations has been performed on the base of library studies، field observations and interview with well-informed persons. On the base of this research findings، although the Shokatiyeh Husseiniyeh Mosques along the passing of time has a continuous training and religious administrations، but its framework aperture such that which the first glance of the building verifies that it has suitability for performing the religious and ritual ceremonies of Passion play. This construction also at present time can be responsible for its ritual administration in the field of holding Passion play ceremonies، Shabihkhani (religious representation) and the other national and religious etiquettes with its single porch and extensive courtyard، porticos، perimeter vaults and rectangular platform in the middle of courtyard.

Most of the scholars maintain that a kind of capacity and ability under the title of organizational intelligence for organizations which is a combination of human and mission intelligence. The evolutional leadership is a base and foundation for organizational success which make it possible to access the higher goals of organizational system. The evolutional leaders prefer the effectuality to the efficiency dimension and attempt by considering the spirituality of themselves and staffs to utilize the human resources of organization. The statistical community of the research has been contained all of the staffs of assistant committee of Imam Khomeini which questionnaires has been distributed among them in March and April 2014 and the received questionnaires was considered as a sample. Therefore the statistical sample has been 72 people in research timing period. For the aim of data collection the Albrecht organizational intelligence questionnaires and the Boss and Olive’s questionnaire of multifactor leadership method has been used. The results of the research shows that the organizational intelligence has positive influence in evolutional leadership. Also all of the indexes of measurement model and parallel lines of research questions has been verified too.

At present time most countries of the world had always been considered the non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon as one of the most effective and permanent defensive style against the civil or foreign threats. Also in Iran regarding the strategic position of the east frontier localities of the country، since a long time ago south Khorasan for reposing in the course of Silk Road in commerce and merchandize transaction and by having the most common boundary line with Afghanistan had been enjoyed proper and special importance. Among this the role of non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon and territory logistics and specially the logistics of frontier localities becomes salient. One of the proper anti-jet fighter cannon strategies in frontier localities of the province for confrontation with threats is the establishment and expansion of boundary small markets activities because this small markets has been the obvious evidence of the people’s participation in economic affairs of the region which can caused the permanency of frontiersman and prevent their continuous immigration and this matter leads to the stable expansion and security of the region. This research with descriptive-analytic method and by reliance to the library and field sources (the interviews and authors observations) has been considered the role of Mahirood’s small boundary markets of Sarbisheh in undertaking the safety of the frontier localities of the province from the viewpoint of non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon. The study findings of the present research indicates that this small boundary market from the past years has been as one of the important crows of the beginning of occupation، stabilization of the frontiersmen population، decreasing of privation and the expansion of commercial relations with neighboring countries and permanently has an outstanding effect in economic activities and establishing the safety of Sarbisheh region and even all of the province.

Suitable nutrition is one of the most important necessities of bodily and mental health supply or in other words the main pillar of society’s good health. Presenting the safe dietary for child، maintaining and desirable distribution and also controlling the sustenance places and foodstuff divisions in schools is so important. Then the present article is of descriptive-correlational which has been accomplished with the aim of inspecting the relation of nutrition awareness with happiness and educational operation of sixth grade elementary students of Birjand County. The statistical community of research includes all of the sixth grade elementary students which were under study in 2013-2014 school time and according to Corejessy and Morgan table، recording the size of community (500 people)، the statistical sample of 210 people has been simply determined randomly. For data collection the Oxford’s happiness questionnaires (1989) and verified questionnaire of nutrition awareness has been used. Also the data analysis has been accomplished by the use of multivariate Variance analysis and Spearman’s coefficient correlation. The findings of research indicated that there was a meaningful relation between nutrition awareness and happiness but there was not such relation between nutrition awareness with happiness and educational operation.

The Isaac Zai were from Abdali tribes who lived around Kandahar and along with the consolidation of the rule of the Qajar and the strength of Mahmoud Shah، took the power of Lash and Jovin and Shah Pasand Khan could take the power of rebuilding the Lash and Jovin fortresses. Sardar Ahmad Khan Isaac Zai at the same time with Mir Alam Khan، the ruler of Ghaent، culminated the authority of this dynasty to its peak. Although he lost his territory in Qajar and Afghans ware، but later he was able to obtain this region and appeared as the most prominent local government of Sistan. He had the power to compete with Mir Alam Khan and after Herat’s defragmentation resorted the Lash and Jovin to Iran’s territory with the help of Afghans governors and English rulers. In this study we investigated the origin of Isaac Zai and the way of their power seizing in Lash and Jovin، their relation with Qajar court and the influence of Herat affair regarding the location of this dynasty، their relation with Mir Alam Khan the governor of Ghaenat at the time of Herat ware and its consequences، the reasons of the dissolution of Lash and Jowin from Iran’s territory، their fortified positioning regarding the Goldsmith’s arbitration and its effects، the reasons of Iran’s failure in re-unification of Lash and Jovin to Sistan in the time of Sardar Ahamd Khan’s successors and the relation of Isaac Zai with Shaukat Molks. The remained documents and proofs indicates that، although Sardar Mir Alam Khan powered to conquest the Lash and Jovin region and sign peace treaty with Sardar Ahmad Khan Isaac Zai، but the political weakness of Iran against with Afghans and English governor’s avarice caused the separation of this region from Ghaenat district and also after the death of Sardar Ahmad Khan and despite the opportunities of the region’s annexation plan to Iran، its incorporation became not practical.

By consideration of the history of two Cities of Bokhara and Samarqand it can be found that this cities in contemporary of pre-Islamic period of Iran have been one of the big cities of Soghdian province (Ancient Soghdiana) in the territory of Zarafshan river (Soghdian River) and beyond the Oxus River (Transoxiana) region. Without doubt، the importance of this two cites returns back to their settling in adjacency with the main commercial highways during long centuries of Islamic and pre-Islamic period. In the beginning half of the first Hejira the Muslims put their steps toward this cites following the conquering of Khorasan and different territories of Transoxiana. The main Omayyad commanders’ campaign to this cites until the time of Qatibeh Ibn Moslem Baheli (86-96 Hejira) was in the form of scattered and frontier invasions which the Arab commanders satisfied himself just only to cites’ conquest and obtaining the spoils of war. But by ruling of Qatibeh، the Arabs conquest reached to its climax and the Arab Muslim Armies attained to the ultimate range of their transgression to this cites. In the same direction، the present research has been attempted to make clear the procedure of Islam arrival to this regions and carefully scrutinize the effective reasons of this gradual entrance. It seems that in spite of the primary opposition of the governors of this cities، by lapsing of time they expressed their consent to compromise and capitulation in facing of Arabs and by this means they maintained their governmental positions. But the settlers of this cities continued to their oppositions against with Arab governments to the last moments and as a result they converted this cites as a centers of anti-Omayyad movements.