نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال هفدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 69، آبان و آذر 1394)

Child abuse can lead to destructive long term consequences, in addition to the short term ones. The present study aims to examine the relationship between childhood abuse experience and primary stress confronting methods and maladaptive schemas. This is a cross-sectional analytic study. The study subjects were randomly selected using multiple sampling method. First, 6 counseling centers were selected from counseling centers in western Tehran using cluster sampling; then a sample of 318 persons (192 women and 126 men) were identified and studied from these centers. The data collecting instruments were Child Abuse Self Report Scales (CASRS) and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the methods of Billings and Moos’s Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ). Data analysis was performed through T tests and correlative coefficient and multiple regressions by SPSS software version 19. Findings showed a negative relationship between problem solving methods and acquiring social support with each of the four subscale of abuse (p=0.01) and a positive relationship between cognitive evaluation and emotional control (p=0.01). Also, the total score of the primary maladaptive schemas has a significant positive relationship with each of the four abuse subscales (p=0.01). There is a significant difference between men and women in physical and emotional abuse subscales and problem solving, emotional control and maladaptive schemas methods subscales. Emotional abuse and negligence subscales could predict the primary maladaptive schemas and stress confronting methods. Experiencing childhood abuse has a basic role in forming the primary maladaptive schemas and thrill-oriented responses.

Itch is the main symptom in many skin diseases with a significant impact on the quality of life, while it is affected by psychological factors itself. This research aimed to investigate the changes in perception of itching in chronic skin diseases by personality characteristics, anxiety, and depression. In study,200 patients diagnosed with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria referred to phototherapy unit or dermatology clinics of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad during the summer and autumn of 2014 were selected through random sampling. Participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave consent to participate in the study. They answered to d-type personality questionnaire, Self-Consciousness Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales. In order to assess perception of itching, Visual Analog Scale and quality of life in patients with pruritus questionnaire (Itchy QoL) were used. After data collection, data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings suggest that personality characteristics and psychological distress in total can explain 70.5% of the variance of itch perception. Depression (P<0.0001), negative mood (P<0.0001), public awareness (P<0.004), and social inhibition (P<0.009) had the largest share in this regard. Personality characteristics, anxiety, and depression can affect perception of itching.

Developing a model based on research literature for people who have failed and experienced frustration in romantic relationships can be a solution to their problems and confusions in different areas of life. This study was done with the aim of investigating self-criticism, inner religious orientation, depression, and feeling of loneliness with mediation of silencing the self among Shahid Chamran University students involved in romantic relationships in the academic year of 2012-2013. In this path analysis study,272 students (88 men and 184 women) involved in romantic relationship were selected through snowball sampling method. They completed the Self-Criticism Scale, Inner Religious Orientation Questionnaire, Beck Depression Questionnaire, Feeling of Loneliness Scale, and Silencing the Self Questionnaire. The data of the proposed model were analyzed using path analysis by Amos and SPSS-21 software. Data indicated that there are significant positive path coefficients of self-criticism with silencing the self (P< 0.001), self-criticism with depression (P<0.001), negative path coefficients of inner religious orientation with depression (P<0.005), and indirect path coefficients of self-criticism with depression with mediation of silencing the self (P<0.050). Despite the linear and direct relationship between self-criticism and depression, silencing the self has an important role between these two variables and causes harm to one's self-esteem and identity. Further, among those involved in a romantic relationship, people with more inner religious orientation would experience less depression.

Considering the important role of identity formation in adolescents and the ensuing problems that can pave the way for psychopathology in the next developmental stages, the present study attempts to study the personality profile of teenagers in different identity statuses using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) The current study employs a cross-sectional ex-post facto method. All high-school and pre-university level students in Tehran constituted the population of the present study. Multi-stage clustering method was used for sampling. The population of the study comprised of 506 students (273 female and 276 male students) who were selected randomly from four districts of Tehran. They were asked to answer the questions of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and descriptive statistics. The mean scores for all subscales in all identity statuses and in all areas proved to be normal. Only the paranoia subscale in female students who were in Identity moratorium status was in gray area (T scores between 60 and 65). Although it is not clinically significant, it may lead to some potential problems. Our findings showed that the personality profile of the population in identity statuses of Identity foreclosure, Identity moratorium, and Identity diffusion were normal. As predicted by Archer (2005), this test (MMPI-A) can distinguish between normal and pathological ranges considering identity crises issues in adolescents and the problems they commonly deal with.

This paper aims at determining the relation and the prediction power of mental health subscales based on the developmental family function levels according to the modern procedure of human integrated developments among the married students studying at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The statistical community of this descriptive–correlative study includes all the married students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, studying in the academic years 2014-2015, among whom 220 students were selected using the convenience sampling. The tools used for collecting the data are Developmental Family Function Assessment Questionnaire (DFFAQ) and the symptomatic mental health checklist (SCL-25). The data was analyzed by the statistical indicators, i.e. the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. There is a negative significant relation between the developmental family function and the subscales of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and depression (P<0.01). They also show that the logical thinking and creating representations and ideas are the best predictors of the mental health. Generally, the results of this paper confirm the intermediary role of developmental family function in psychopathology. It can be said that one may predict the mental health problems through studying the people’s understanding of the developmental family function; it contributes to improve the researchers’ knowledge in explaining and treating the trauma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectivene­­ss of group therapy based on detached mindfulness techniques (DM) ­­­i­­­n reducing drug craving and the likelihood of drug use in substance‎-dependent individuals. In a clinical trial 24 male subjects were selected through purposive sampling from Yavaran Omid Addiction Treatment Clinic in Mashhad, Iran in 2013. Subjects were assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group attended group therapy sessions (six one-hour sessions) based on DM techniques and the control group continued the common group therapy program of the clinic. Before and after the treatment, both groups completed the questionnaires including Relapse Prediction Scale, Meta-Cognitive Questionnaire-30, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and also the experimental group subjects completed the Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) Scale as well as the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) in the post-treatment. Data analysis was carried out using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), t-test by SPSS-19. The results of MANCOVA indicated that there was no significant relationship between the two groups in post-test (P>0.05), but the results of t-test indicated a significant anxiety reduction among the subjects of the experimental group (P=0.03). Also, improvement percentages showed that the subjects of the experimental group improved more than the subjects of the control group. Additionally, the scores obtained from CGI and CSQ demonstrated that subjects in the experimental group were pleased with the method of treatment and reported highly desirable states after the treatment. It seems that the group therapy based on detached mindfulness techniques was more effective for reducing drug craving and the likelihood of drug use in substance‎-dependent individuals.

Depressive disorder is considered one of the most common psychological disorders among students, which can affect various aspects of a person's life. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of short-term group interpersonal psychotherapy on depression, emotional expressiveness, social skills and quality of life of students. This clinical trial conducted from October 2014 to March 2015. The statistical population of consisted of students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The participants (n=24) were selected through convenience sampling from the students who referred to Ferdowsi University clinic with complaints of depression then divided into control and experimental groups randomly. In this study, 8 weekly sessions (90 minutes) of short-term group interpersonal psychotherapy were administered in the experimental group. The research instruments were quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL), emotional expressiveness questionnaire (EEQ), social skills inventory (SSI), Beck Depression Inventory-2 and demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS version 19. The scores of Beck Depression Inventory-2 significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.004). Also, scores for all indicators of emotional expressiveness (P=0.031), subscales of emotional expression, social expression, emotional sensitivity, emotional control and social control of the social skill questionnaire (P=0.047), and areas of psychological and social relationships, and quality of life significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.023). It seems that short-term group interpersonal psychotherapy can be considered as an effective therapeutic approach in reducing symptoms of depression and improving quality of life, emotional expressiveness and social skills in depressed individuals.

Subjective well-being is component of psychological quality of life. According to research results, the type of life goals and personality traits are important in predicting the subjective well-being. So this study aims to investigate the role of life goals, personality traits with subjective well-being adults. This research is a descriptive correlation study, sample consisted of 200 adults (25 to 60 years), residing in Zone 6 in Tehran, that were selected using method multi- stage random sampling. Participants responded to questionnaires of positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, Big five Personality Factor and Life goals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression. The results correlation coefficient showed intrinsic goals, extrinsic goals and personality traits have positive correlation with subjective wellbeing and neuroticism has negative relationship with subjective wellbeing (P<0.05). Enter regression results showed that There is negative relationship between Subjective well-being and extrinsic’ importance (P <0.01) and positive relationship between subjective well being and ‘extrinsic’ attainment (P<0.05). Also, the results of hierarchical regression results showed that life goals are able to predict subjective well-being (R2=-0.09, P<0.0001) Although life goals have relatively small share of the compared to strong predictors personality traits (R2=-0.49, P <0.0001). Considering that life goals are able to predict the contribution of subjective well-being that can not be predicted by personality traits. Therefore, it's recommended that psychologist to consider life goals as an important factor in cultural and economic different situations at their studies.