نشریه علوم و فنون زنبور عسل ایران
پیاپی 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Abstract: Mostly honey bee consumes pollen as fermented and fermentation improves foods biological value in some cases. In this study we evaluate the nutritional effects of fermented diets on honey bee body protein and brood rearing in colonies. This experiment conducted on honey bee colonies with different diets in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 7 replicates for 50 days. Honey bee colonies equipped with the same age queens and the same pollen and honey storage. Treatments were: 1-fermented corn gluten 2- corn gluten 3-fermented soybean 4- soybean 5 - pollen and 6 - sugar syrup, that sugar syrup and pollen were considered as control. Comparison of the means in brood rearing showed significantly difference between treatments (p<0.05). Fermented gluten and soybean had the highest and lowest brood rearing, respectively. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between treatments in worker bee body protein (p>0.05). According to the results the fermentation of foodstuffs increased brood rearing and thus supplementary feeding with fermented materials is better for honey bee colonies.

Some Flies can cause myiasis. Senotainia tricuspis Meigen of Sarcophagidae family is a well known endoparasite of the honey bee. It causes apimyiasis which can sometimes be quite serious. In current study, we observed a lot of number white fly larvae on body surface and in the anterior dorsal part of the honey bees, thoraxes in one of the apiaries from Khorasane- Razavi (Rashtkhar). The bees samples were collected during 2011 and the thoraxes of 20 bees taken from each 20 hive were examined individually to look for dipteral larvae (myiasis) parasitization. Based on their morphology they were recognized as Senotainia tricuspis Meigen using characterization key. It should be noticed that this is the first report about the presence of apimyiasis caused by this fly in Iran.

The uses of honey bee products, especially honey, in medicine go back thousands years ago in ancient Egypt, Greece and China. In many religious texts such as the Quran, Veda and Bible, the nutritional and medicinal properties of honey are mentioned. Medicinal properties of beeswax and propolis have long been, while recently attention to royal jelly and bee venom increased. Honey, pollen and royal jelly are very important at the point of Supplying nutritional requirements. In comparison with synthetic drugs, bee products have multiple healing properties but fewer side effects. Nowadays, with increase in public knowledge uses of bee products will increase.

Abstract This chapter describes how the climate change is potentially the mostsevere threat to pollinator biodiversity. Mounting evidence demonstrates that therehave already been biotic responses to the relatively small climate changes that haveoccurred this century. Pollinators such as birds, bees, butterflies, moths, flies, wasps,beetles bats and even mosquitoes are essential for food production because theytransfer pollen between seed plants-impacting 35% of the world’s crops. Along withproviding an essential service to human populations, pollinators also have a key rolein maintaining other ecosystem services including ensuring biodiversity and helpingNature to adjust to external threats such as climate change. The “pollinationcrisis” that is evident in declines of honeybees and native bees worldwide is due todisruption of critical balance between the two mutually interacting organisms.Anthropogenic climate change is widely expected to drive species extinct by hamperingindividual survival and reproduction, by reducing the amount and accessibilityof suitable habitat, or by eliminating other organisms that are essential to thespecies in question. The potential disruption of a ubiquitous mutualistic interactionof terrestrial habitats, that between plants and their animal pollinators, via climatechange is at risk.