مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

Herbal essences and extracts have vast applications in medical field and food industry. They also have antimicrobial effect on broad spectrum of microorganisms. In this research the effect of ethanol extracts of damask rose and Aloevera on E.coli bacteria has been studied. Distillation was done with soaking method; after providing mentioned extracts, Agar diffusion was used to determine antimicrobial effect of Ethanol extracts of damask rose and Aloevera on E.coli bacteria. Minimum restraining concentration (MIC) was measured by subtilty pipe method. Results showed ethanol extracts of damask rose has more antibacterial effect on E.coli bacteria in comparison with ethanol extracts of Aloevera.Corona diameter and minimum restraining concentration for ethanol extract of damask rose are 14 mm and MIC=25 Mg/ml respectively. Corona diameter and minimum restraining concentration for ethanol extract of Aloevera are 7mm and MIC = 50Mg/ml respectively. Extract of damask rose has more antibacterial effects in comparison with extracts of Aloevera. Also, admixtion of ethanol extracts of damask rose and Aloevera leads to decrease of antibacterial effect of this extract.

The use of siRNA for silencing gene expression is expanding today. Knock down of vascular endothelial growth factor is one of the objectives of this technology. In this study we aimed to inhibit the expression of receptor type II of VEGF (VEGFR-2) using specific siRNA in the culture medium. First, according to the target gene sequences, sequence of the specific siRNA were designed; blasted and built. Using RT-PCR, cDNA of HUVEC was synthesized and PCR with specific primers was reproduced. PEFGP-N1 expression vector was cloned with target gene and confirmed. Then Hela cells which has not any expression of the target genes were transfected whit cloned pEGFP-N1 vector using lipofectamin. GFP expression rate in the Hela cells containing initial vector and cloned vector in presence and absence of specific siRNA was assessed. Through evaluation of gene inhibition, decreasing of green fluorescence from GFP, RT-PCR was investigated. The results of the two used siRNA, indicate reduced gene expression 56% and 63% in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). Transfection of specific VEGFR-2 siRNA using lipofectamin significantly inhibits expression of receptor. In fact,it can cut the signal transduction pathway and prevents the creation of new blood vessels. Therefore, probably it can act as a new treatment factor for prevention or reduction of neovascularization.

Female heads of household are among vulnerable groups in society who are faced with unsuitable economic status and multiple roles and they cannot promote their own health. The aim of this study was to explore and describe effective factors on women heads of household’s health promotion. This is a qualitative study which was conducted using Strauss and Corbin’s (1998)approach to grounded theory. Nineteen female heads of household were recruited. Data were gathered by semi structured interviews. Purposive sampling was conducted and continued by theoretical sampling. Findings indicated that remainder of resources (remainder of money, time and energy) and contextual factors (personal and socio-economic characteristics) were effective factors on these women's health promotion.Often these women tended to allocate their available resources primarily to their children and the members under their headship and then to all life-related issues. So, depending on the adequacy of the three resources of money, time and energy, they carried out different health promotion activities andthis could jeopardize their health. To help these women improve their health status,we recommended that the government, non-governmental organizations and health care professionals provide them with required resources and increase their knowledge by holding training sessions.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 21–23 nucleotides that are not translated and have a basic role in gene expression.. They have an important role as a oncogene or tumor suppressor in human cancers.It has been reported that miR-182 in cervical cancer is an oncogene which is inhibited apoptosis in tumor cells. The aims of this study was evaluation of the miR-182 inhibition effect on induction of apoptosis in Cisplatin treated Hela cells. The Hela cells were cultured and treated with different doses of Cisplatin, then viability of cells was assessed with MTT and LD50 of Cisplatin in hela cells obtained. The transfection condition was optimized by using serial dose of lipofectamine and labeled control miR, then optimum concentration of AntimiR-182 was calculated. Finally, AntimiR-182 and cisplatin separately and simultaneously were transfected into Hela cells, and the reduction in cell proliferation and increased of apoptosis rate of treated cells were analyzed by MTT and flow cytometric assay. The Hela cells which is transfected with both AntimiR-182 and cisplatin became more sensitive to cell death than cells which treated with cisplatin only. We found a significantly increase in cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) from 68% to 81% following the transfection with AntimiR-182 and cisplatin (P<0.05). The results of the present study shows that expression of miR-182 may have a significant effect in resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. Using simultaneously of AntimiR-182 and cisplatin have an additional effect on cisplatin, so, it reduces LD50 of cisplatin. Therefore, AntimiR-182 can be used as a complementary methods of treatment for increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to treatment and decreasing drug resistance.

The vascular parameters changes from the morphological aspects resulted in changes in the rate of the embryo implantation. This event depend on the ovarian hormones. In this study, the quantiative changes of the endometrium was assessed after ovarian stimulation followed by progesterone (p4) treatment. Adult female mice were used in this study. Animals were divided in three groups. pseudopregnancy were induced in the control group. Then in the experimental group1 (ovarian induction group)and experimental group 2(p4 treated after ovarian induction), ovarian stimulation was done. P4 treatment was done daily in the experimental group 2 after pseudopregnancy. Finally, blood and tissue samples were taken for assessment of the ovarian hormone levels and histogical studies, respectively. Then statistical analysis was done. The results indicated the significant increase in the progesterone level, vascular sections, internal area of vessels, and the diagonal of the glandular lumen in two experimental groups (1&2) compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, P4 treatment after ovarian induction resulted in the significant increase in the P4 level and vascular section number in the experimental group 2 compared to the experimental group1 (P ≤ 0.05). P4 treatment after ovarian induction improve the morphological condition of the endomertium compared to the ovarian induction group. Therefore, it may result in an increased rate of successful implantation.

combined training exercise is recommended for the elderly due to the specificity of its effect for good health and physical function. The purpose of this study was to investigate three different methods of concurrent training on plasma levels of chemerin, insulin resistance and physical performance in elderly women. This was a semi-experimental study in which 40 inactive healthy elderly women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed into four groups: strength + endurance (n=10), endurance + strength (n=9), alternative concurrent training (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. The data analysed with t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that the experimental group after 8 weeks Chemerin levels (P=0.3), insulin (P=0.72), fasting glucose (P=0.09), insulin resistance (P=0.69), %Fat (P=0.08) and WHR (P=0.55) showed no significant changes. However, a significant reduction observed in weight (P=0.017) and BMI (P=0.023). According to the results of this study, order of concurrent training do not affect chemerin and metabolic adaptation, but all three methods of concurrent training could lead to different changes compared to prior of performed training.

Given that groundwater resources are the main water sources of Germi city, it is necessary to ensure its compatibility with drinking water standards. The aim of this study was to determine water quality index (GWQI) for Germi city and zoning with GIS on the basis of WQI index. This study was a descriptive-analytical one and lasted for 14 month. Sample were taken from 5 wells monthly between November 2013 until November2014. All samples then were transferred into Ardabil water and wastewater laboratory and following parameters were analyzed: Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chloride, Calcium Magnesium, Sulphate and Sodium on the basis of procedures of standard methods book. Then, groundwater quality index (GWQI) was determined with above mentioned parameters. Finally, zoning map of WQI index in Germi city was prepared with GIS. The results showed that GWQI of Germi city is between 41.37 and 44.86, thus water quality is good. Lowest GWQI value is for Aranchi well (41.37) with highest quality and the highest GWQI value is for Godeh Kahriz (44.86) with lowest quality. Also all parameters are in standard ranges. The study showed that ground water quality of Germi city is good but Ca and Mg level is low, thus it is necessary to deliver these two micronutrients to human from other resources or with adding them in water treatment plant.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise along with consumption of nettle plant on Blood Glucose and insulin resistance index in patients with type II diabetes. This study was conducted on 46 women with type II diabetes referring to diabetes association of Shahrood. After obtaining the consents and taking the primary actions, cases were allocated into Four groups: 1) aerobic exercise and nettle supplementation (13 participants), 2) aerobic exercise and use of placebo (13 participants), 3) nettle supplementation (13 participants), and 4) control (7 participants). Aerobic exercises included activities for 8 weeks, with three sessions of 30-60 minutes per week with an intensity of 45 to 65 percent target heart rate. Daily supplementation with 6 cc Nettle extract of Gorgan essential oil company was used as a solution in water; and daily intake of 6 ml placebo (same color water extract) was used as a placebo. Variables for this study including blood glucose and insulin resistance index in two stages (before and after 8 weeks) were measured. The analysis was performed by analysis of variance using SPSS 17 software. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise and use of nettle plant have no significant effect on blood glucose and insulin resistance index of elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise and use of nettle plant with applied intensity and duration had no significant effect on blood glucose and insulin resistance index of elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Aerobic exercise with longer duration and nettle supplement with higher density may be effective to these patients.

Due to increasing demand for liver tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) liver cells culture techniques have been proposed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the cells isolation and expansion of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells and in vitro 2D and 3D hepatocyte differentiation. Also functional characteristics of hepatocytes were analyzed. The study performed in several phases. In the first umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained and isolated, thereafter cellss expanded. Determination of Immunophenotype using Flowcytometry performed by DAKO – Galaxy Hepatic differentiation UC-MSCs was performed by four step sequential method using FGF-4, ITS, HGF, dexamethasone, glucagon, OSM and TSA. Urea production was quantified by ELISA. Section of tissue constructs stained with hematoxyllin and eosin for histological examination. MSCs isolated from umbilical cord expressed mesenchymal surface antigen such as CD73, but were negative against CD31. Several cell clusters mainly between the round cells were observed in alginate scaffold after 3d differentiation. Urea production was increased time- dependable and was significantly higher in the experimental group of 3D culture (P=0.001). Tissue construct of 3D culture revealed multicellular tissue with several euchromatin cell plates. The finding of the present study indicated that four step differentiation of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells within hydrogel scaffold induced functionally and morphologically characteristics of hepatocytes such as urea production and cell plates.

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease that caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The most widely used methods to detect BTB are the skin test and in vitro gamma interferon assay which do not detect anergic animals, but serological tests such as ELISA have been found promising in ancillary tuberculosis diagnosis. The overall aim was to study M. tuberculosis ESAT-6 recombinant protein as a target for serological assays in the detection of antibodies to BTB. Serum samples were collected from suspected animals where M. tuberculosis was confirmed at postmortem examination by clinicians and positive skin test. Also, control samples were collected from BTB free bovines. Circulating specific antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant proteins of ESAT-6. The results show a mild satisfactory agreement with the skin test reflecting in 95.23 sensitivity and 81.81 Specificityin serum diluted to 1/100. This study demonstrated that ELISA with the use of the esat-6 antigens is simple and sensitive and can be used to analyze large numbers of samples for the serodiagnosis of BTB.