نشریه مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، مهر و آبان 1394)

In the report of the analytical Parsnews, Iran is among ten countries which their population goes to the elderly and its population will reach to breakeven that means equality of the number of births and deaths in 30 years, the subject those experts consider as the old crisis (1). Therefore, financial and human resources expenses to care elderly people whether in nursing homes or in hospitals is a big challenge. Saving lives of many elderly people with early diagnosis is possible by regular and accurate monitoring of their health which mobile health technology is one of the easiest and most available solutions. In this regard, a study in the USA showed that 86% of people over 65 years suffer from at least one chronic disease that three quarters of health care, expense, financial pressure and medical resources allocate to their treatment. The best way to reduce medical expenses and increase empowering community members is preventing chronic diseases and accurate managing of health procedures (2). On the other hand, people’s trend to carry their mobile phone everywhere and their interest to their phones provides increasing opportunity for this technology usage in health field (3). WHO (World Health Or­ganization) defines mobile health as providing healthcare services by using mobile devices like mobile phones, patient navigation devices, PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) and other wireless devices (2). In this regard, the results of Antonicelli et al. study entitled “impact of tele-monitoring at home on the management of elderly patients with congestive heart failure” in 2008 showed that tele-monitoring system reduces readmission rate and regular use of drugs by studied elderly people (4). Grundgeiger et al. in 2011 in their study entitled “Mobile Health Technologies: Applications to Benefit Older Adults” mentioned that mobile health is most likely to reduce demand for labor in the medium term by making applications for elderly people’s care, encouraging them to more self-management and also providing more effective communications among health care providers, heads of households and elderly people (5). It is predicted that until 2014, public and private health care providers can save from 1.96 to 5.83 billion dollar in medical expenses all over the world by using mobile health technologies by health monitoring (6). Available and cheap modern technologies like mobile phone should be used in the best way to reduce healthcare expenses, empower people, and improve monitoring of patients by continuous assessing disease signs and symptoms, control of patients to follow self-management programs and prevent from chronic diseases. Mobile health technology empowers elderly people and prevents from their chronic diseases by enabling continuous monitoring on people’s health. Finally, mobile phone applications can reduce expenses, improve health care quality, and also change health behaviors by promoting prevention and then improving health in the long term

In present times health care organizations gather patient's information electronically and on paper documents. The physical possession of the medical records is with the hospital but the patient is the logical possessor of the information in the record so any access to the record requires the patient's permission. The objective of this study was to identify the indicators of confidentiality in the hospitals, ShohadayeLenjan in Zarinashahr and Mohammad Rasoul Allah in Mobarake in Esfahan province. This practical research was a qualitative study. Research community was the two largest hospitals in Isfahan province, Mohammad Rasoul Allah in Mobarake and ShohadayeLanjan in ZarinShahr in 2013. A valid and universal checklist published by British Columbia Medical Association has been chosen as the data collecting process which contains 25 items in 6 domains. The validity of checklist approved by related professors, after translating and performing corrections. The required data was collected through interview and observation by the researchers. The required data was extracted, analyzed and compared. Principles of confidentiality related to printing, transfer, storage and revelation of the patient's information in the records were on the whole followed by both the hospitals. Policies related to confidentiality indicators in employee's domain were weak. In the studied hospitals there weren’t any notifications based on awareness of the patient towards him/her privacy and ways to access his/her information. Considering their work domain, the CIO (Chief Information Officer) and supervisors of the hospital, define users’ level of access and allocate an authenticated account in which they can change their password. None of the hospitals used technical processes’ and controls. In both the hospitals in order to ensure security in local network and preventing entrance of unauthenticated individuals the absence of suitable controls were visible. Considering the importance of implementing confidentiality indicators in relationship with patient's information, it's necessary to apply new procedures and processes in both the hospitals. The two hospitals assessed in this study had strengths and weaknesses. Therefor considering the important points related to ensuring security and confidentiality of patient's information is necessary.

Hospital beds and resources are extremely limited for patients. A few factors such as Length of Stay or LOS affected Availability of Hospital Resources. Identifying factors associated with this benchmark index can be valuable in planning to optimize the utilization of the existing resources. Aiming to identify factors associated with length of stay based on admission data, the present study has been conducted. This survey is a descriptive-retrospective study. We extracted 449,678 patient data from computerize patient records in Emam Reza and Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. After data cleaning and preprocessing, univariate analysis was conducted using t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Multiple linear regression was also used to determine the factors associated with LOS. All analyses were conducted with SPSS statistical software version 19. The mean LOS in Emam-Reza and Ghaem hospital were 5.5 and 6.5 days. Age, ward, admission reason, referral status, admission month and day on month, insurance type, residence type, marital status and patient job were associated with length of stay. No significant differences in LOS were found by payment type, admission day on week, gender, doctor and patient Companionship. LOS can be predicted by socio-demographic and clinical factors using data mining models on hospital admission data. The procedure can be a useful tool for planning and optimal resource allocation in hospitals.

Currently, the important role of personal health record (PHR) system is underlined due to increasing global concentration on the concept of patient-centered healthcare. Generating national standards and data sets as well as its advertisement by health providers will increase the wide-spread acceptance of PHR systems. The aim of this study was to determine optimal data set of electronic PHR system for Iranian students of medical sciences.

The study was conducted in three steps, i.e. qualitative comparison of data sets in USA, Australia, and UK; quantitative-descriptive assessment among 301 subjects, who was the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and their healthcare providers; and finally qualitative Delphi technique to take the outcomes of the comments of 60 specialists and experts in six classified field, i.e. management, medicine, dentistry, nursing, rehabilitation, and mental health, in 2014. Data collection questionnaire was arranged based on the common data sets of emerging countries and the available national student health records, approved by the Ministry of Health and Sciences. Its content validity has been approved by three experts and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.97 using internal consistency through SPSS20 software. The requirements assessment of stakeholders to achieve the required data collection and descriptive analysis was performed by calculating the distribution function of its frequency through Excel software. The questionnaire was prepared based on the results of the requirements assessment phase and Its content validity were approved by three experts in the field of clinical and management, Reliability analysis of research tool at this step of research was not possible, because in Delphi method respondents could completely change Its reply In each round. Descriptive analysis was performed based on the average through Excel software. The data elements those were higher than 4 in averages have been considered in proposed Data Set.

344 data elements were evaluated, 280 items among them was resulted from the requirements assessment step and 64 items among them were added in Delphi step. 271 data elements are approved, which five items were approved with perfect (100%) agreement. Finally, the data set and its subsets were determined.

Modifications and evolutions of data set elements over the study period underlined the important role the comments of both stakeholders and the experts for determining optimal data set among diverse range of possible fields. It can be concluded from the results of this study that more details, such as mental health, can be added to the PHR data set. Moreover, Student Health Certificate, which is used in most universities of Iran is incomplete and it has to be modified.

Moment awareness of the status of each of the contracting organization can assist administrators in securing and allocating resources. This information may include the precise specifications of the contract, the contract cost resources, contract statements, information and documents, accounting and so on. That is why the contract to provide the information updated automatically and accurately can be very useful for managers. This descriptive survey research methodology, and is a branch of athletics. The study population consisted University of subordinate units has been agreements specialists whose number is 64 people according to the number of available taking a census. According to research the design and implementation of software quality evaluation software via questionnaires distributed among users were. To check the validity of academics were used to estimate the reliability coefficient Cronbach's alpha (77 % = Α) were used. Data and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS software. According to study data recording software contracts, web design and implementation of the University, The assessment of software quality from the user perspective represents it is to achieve the quality of software designed from the perspective of the users in order of preference to reusable 85.4% reliability and 85.0%, portability 81.2% interoperability and inter-operability 80.4%, flexibility 80.4%, usability 80.4% security 79.6%, effective 79.4% availability, 79.0%. stability 77.8% respectively. Results indicate that the establishment and operation of management information systems in organizations using innovative technologies and with the participation of the employees is possible. In this regard, the University must provide an active and supportive environment that provides appropriate context.

The Open Access Movement has been one of the best ways that can facilitate information flow. One of the representations of the Open Access Movement is Open Access Journals. Despite the positive attitudes of the scientific community towards Open Access Journals, it seems that the number of the researchers who have the tendency to publish in these journals as compared with Closed Access Journals has been limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of medical researchers as to the barriers to publishing papers in Open Access Journals. This applied study used a survey design. Population of the study was academic staff of Medicine Schools in Public Medical Universities of Iran and the sample size was 367 respondents. This study was carried out in 2009-2012. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by researcher of the study. The reliability of twelve items of this study was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha whose coefficient was 0.859. The validity of questions was assessed by using Test-retest among population of the study and expert's view on open access area. In order to analysis date in descriptive level, percent and mean was used. In inferential level, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. SPSS 17 was used to analysis data. Based on the findings, with a total of 76 percent of respondents, author-charge was a barrier to publishing papers in Open Access Journals. According to majority of the respondents, negative influence of publishing papers in open access journals on career promotion as well as problem of renewing credit card were not important publishing barriers. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a significant relation (r=-0.130, p=0.05) between publishing experience and publishing barriers. Among the all mentioned barriers, author-charge is the most important reason for not publishing in valid Open Access Journals. However, the increase of publishing experience of respondents can reduce the influence of barriers significantly.

According to Differences between Medical sciences and other fields, normalization tools of their components is require in scientometric analysis, because the evaluation and comparison of them considering differences between them is not possible. The aim of the research was validation, normalization and valuation of research evaluation indicators in medical sciences than other scientific fields.

The category of this practical research was scientometrics and performed with using literature review, content analysis and survey techniques. From 424 people, a sample (n=107) of the productive researchers in the years 2008 to 2011 introduced by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Researchers’ CV (by researcher made checklist) were collected and analyzed. In order to compare the scientific production and citation indicators values, the weight of each one was calculated. With using a proved questionnaire, the results were validated by researchers. SPSS19 and descriptive statistics were used for analyzing of data.

In medical sciences, foreign papers (58/185) are the dominant type between other scientific productions. Foreign papers, local papers and research projects are most in this field of science than others. The validity of results in all of the studied indicators was in high level (3/51-4/5).

Using the values and weights of this can achieve to reliable and valid amounts which can be the base of correct assessment accurate policy making.

Bibliotherapy is a process or activity that uses dynamic interaction along with reading a book in order to help people to solve problems or increase their cognitive understanding. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the effect of bibliotherapy on the psychological capital of the employees of the department of management and medical informatics of Isfahan University of medical science.

This is an applied study using a semi-empirical method. The statistical population consists of all non-faculty employees of the department of management and medical informatics of Isfahan University of Medical Science which was a total of 70 people. 28 members of the population were randomly selected and placed in two experiment and control groups and answered the psychological capital questionnaire. The Data gathering tool was the Psychological capital questionnaire of Lutherans. The experiment group underwent 6 two hour sections of bibliotherapy where the control group underwent no interference. In order to investigate the effect of Bibliotherapy, both groups answered the questionnaire again one month after the final bibliotherapy section. The gathered information was analyzed using descriptive (average and frequency distribution) and analytical (independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi square and Mann–Whitney U test) with the help of SPSS20 software.

The findings showed that there was no meaningful distinction between the average scores of physiological capital of both groups before interference by comparing factors of Self-Esteem, hopefulness, Resiliency and optimism. However the average physiological capital score and average score of each factor in the experiment group was meaningfully higher than that of control group after the bibliotherapy sections.

With the increase of literacy and the culture of reading in the information age, bibliotherapy is a suitable and harmless treatment method that can be used to help with daily challenges, worries and stresses of the busy everyday life. Due to trainable nature of psychological capital one can use bibliotherapy to increase the psychological capital of the employees of different organizations which will in turn provide both the employees themselves and the organization with material and spiritual gains.

Planning and strategic management are important parts of management systems. SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Treat) model evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in an organization. The purpose of this study was to assess the comparative analysis of internal and external status of Isfahan Medical University libraries by using this model. Present study was conducted in September 2014. The method of this research is Descriptive-survey. The validity of Made questionnaire tool was verified by experts, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha was calculated in the rate of 94/0. 38 managers and librarians of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences libraries are study population. Due to availability of all community members, sampling was dropped, and the census method was conducted. Descriptive statistics and Microsoft excel 2013 software were used for data analyzing. In libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 50 elements of 8 internal dimension was studied, 9 strength points and 10 weakness points was recognized and 31 remaining factors were in the middle. In the study of 4 external dimension 25 factors examined, these libraries having no opportunities while 16 factors threaten them, and 9 other factors were in the middle. The results showed that the status of internal and external factors in Isfahan University Libraries is average. Due to superiority of the weaknesses and threats on the strengths and opportunities, in the case of Inattention and inaction of administrators, these libraries may be adversely affected. Managers and librarians’ awareness of the identified problems, and their efforts to promote the strengths, overcome the weaknesses, win of the opportunities and dominate the threats, could be an important step in the promotion of library services for faculty members, physicians, researchers and students.

The rapid development in today's world, knowledge of developments and consequently planning to achieve the objectives by possible shortest ways Undeniable necessity makes. Any organization to achieve its goals and mission should review the current situation and explain the route ahead, be systematically planned and organized in order to benefit from internal and external sources in the light of the strategic planning. This study aimed to analyze the success of strategic management of treatment vice presidency of Hamedan University of medical sciences (UMSHA). This research is an applied, descriptive cross sectional study.The strategic plan of study and degree of success in achieving its strategic objectives is measured based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) and then, The organization's success in achieving the objectives Was evaluated with The target population of of Hamedan University of medical sciences workers (28 people, including all managers and treatment vice presidency Experts. The data collection tool was a research’s questionnaire so the experts confirmed the validity and reliability of the method by Test-retest and were confirmed by Alpha Cronbach measurements 94 percent. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and SPSS15 software were used for data analysis. Studied Organization Achieved its goals In terms of Financial to 85%, Customer to72%, in processes to 90% and in learning and growth to 100% and in total have been achieved success in achieving their goals 82 percent. Also Failure to achieve the objectives was the result of weakness or failure in every stage of the strategic management.This means that up to 95 percent, Lack of proper design and selection of inappropriate strategies, lack of proper implementation strategies and the lack of proper evaluation of the implementation of the strategic plan of the organization's lack of effectiveness of the strategic managment.Using an appropriate model for the organization's strategic plan, it is considered important to the success of the program but more importantly, it need to have a strategy that is based on accurate knowledge and built on understanding of strategic thinking environment. Commitment to right implementation the strategies is essential and Implement appropriate monitoring and evaluation system can promote the implementation of the strategic plan in organization.

Environment pollution affects the private and public health sector. In this study, the impacts of environmental pollution on healthcare costs and on the out of pocket expenditure and also the impact of pollution on public health have been examined. This study has been applications – development. In this study, to achieve greater efficiency and to increase degrees of freedom and test ability and also allowing possibility the design of complex behavioral patterns, the panel data have been used. Case of study is 22 selected of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries included Iran for the period of years 1990-2010 has been paid. The data of study provided by the statistical data of World Bank. In present study the Eviews software and fixed effect technique for estimate the models is used. Also to choose between panel or Pool, F Limer test and to choose the fixed effects and random effects approaches, Hausman test was used. Environment pollution has significant and negative impact on the public health. Therefor it increases the health care expenditures and out of pocket payments. According to estimates, there are a unit increase in SO2 emission and small and solid particles of air pollution less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) reduce life expectancy respectively0/03 and 0/01 units. The increase of one unit of pollution (CO2), increase out of pocket expenditures 2/0 units. Unemployment and urbanization have a negative impact on public health and have a positive impact on health care costs. Education also comes promote public health. Environmental pollution by reduce public health; lead to waste the cost of the health sector. So that part of the public budget and private spending is allocated to the health sector, deal with the harmful effects of pollution on health. Action plans to reduce air pollution, job creation priority, decentralization policies, improving public education, expands insurance coverage and increase the share of public health budget, are important recommendations in this study.

Equitable distribution of resources and health services to provide and maintain the health of the public has long been a perennial concern of policy makers and the management and resource allocation in the health sector have led to the high significance. However, in order to reduce spatial inequality, according to underserved areas after the revolution, the Islamic Republic has been a turning point in their agenda. But it must be admitted that the lack of balance in the development and unequal distribution of health indicators, health and social security The spatial extent and causes of regional disparities and gaps as the main obstacle in the path of development. Study of regional disparities, efforts to eliminate disparities and access to standards is one of custodian's necessary measures to achieve social justice and sustainable development. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining and measuring the performance of health systems the allocation of health care and social security the Bushehr province. The fundamental aim of the research methods were used in the descriptive analysis. The Society Statistics of the County Bushehr Province (9 County), and collecting information from the type of library and collection tools according to the type of documents and research objectives of forms-based data tables and Statistics 2011 Bushehr Province, Nineteen extraction in which health indicators and quantitative way by using analytic hierarchy process Taking advantage of the technique VIKOR)VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(and using softwares SPSS and Expert Choice, Was to analyze the degree of development of the Counteis of Bushehr. Results During the period 2011 to show the heterogeneity gap and uneven regional development in the health field in Bushehr province. The resource allocation process also suggests that the city of Bushehr has the most developed city in the most deprived city are Genaveh of health and treatment and Social Security. The evidence also shows that the city Dashtestan a relatively favorable development, Jam County, Tangistan and Dashti cities of medium and Dayer, Kangan and Daylam located in a row of relatively deprived areas. The results indicate that the development of health systems in Bushehr province there is need for revision of management systems, planning, resource allocation, and health care facilities, distribution and promotion of equal opportunities and quality services in remote areas for the purpose of land use planning.

When we achieve to the goals of health system that the people benefit from efficient and effective health care services. Fair services and fair financing, both depend on financing system. So financing information system is very important for making decision and Implementation of justice in health system. According to provincial autonomy and the importance of fair resources allocation, promotion of financing information system is necessary. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine the challenges of establishing of this information system (PHA). This was a qualitative and cross sectional study. The Community of research is formed by Twenty Eight people of experts and professionals from twelve different organizations of Kerman province. The sampling was determined purposefully according to related responsibility criteria and to collect data focus group approach was used also for completing data, Organizational reports was examined and in order to do Data Analysis, Analysis framework Was applied. To Establish of (PHA) In Kerman Six main challenges and Twenty Two sub- challenges was identified that trustee and legal position, Collaboration and Communication, Manpower, Process, Technology And knowledge were identified consequently. Among all the challenges, the unclear trusteeship status was the most important. According to change model, the Infrastructures for implementation of National health accounts were not appropriate. According to the results of study some solutions for promotion of trusteeship status in Provincial health accounts for establishing of this system, formed the expert Commission of economic and Financial in health council of provinces, was proposed.

The importance of spirituality in organizations and can be a powerful force in people's lives brought profound. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between spiritual intelligence and productivity of employees Isfahan University Medical of Sciences. The purpose of the study and application of methods, cross - correlation. The study population consisted of all finance staff and managers University in 1393, including was 900 persons. Using random sampling, stratified Cochran formula and 269 of them were chosen. To collect feedback from questionnaires King (2008) (1) to measure the spiritual intelligence and a questionnaire was used to measure productivity. The face validity and Cronbach's alpha for the spiritual intelligence 0.81 and productivity 0.89, respectively. The present study tests such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics, multiple regression, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient was used, using structural equation modeling techniques and lisrel software and Spss19, research hypotheses were tested. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and employee productivity throughout the p≤0.01 is meaningful and positive. And the higher spiritual intelligence, productivity is more (and vice versa). The results showed that 13.7% of the variable changes that overlap with each other. The results showed that the amplification spiritual intelligence staff productivity can be increased.