فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1393)

Both social capital and obedience of law are social phenomena. Due to this common stand point exists relationship between the Two. This paper is concerned with theoretical analysis of the relationship between these concepts in ideas of three generation of sociologists. Adopting a comparative approach to survey the view of the given sociologists made it that to first generation sociologists، social capital formation mechanism and institutionalization of law obedience Represented structural and International characteristics. For second generation sociologists in addition to structural obligation traces of actor، can be observed. And in view of three generation conflict factors are seen in addition. In other word، study of these concepts and their relationship makes it clear that from the first generation onward multiplicity in cause and realism have been introduced.

Poverty and inequality، especially economic in equality has been addressed as one of the Iran''s key problems. The aim of this study was to review the literature on poverty، inequality and justice and then utilized national and international reputable statistics to investigate trends in poverty and inequality in the past 25 years. Results showed that during this period the poverty and inequality both have been downward، but unemployment rate and misery index have in creased، total GDP per capita and GDP per persons employed haven’t increased، that means the economy has not improved، real Income of people didn’t increase and external increase of income due to governmental relief fund. Based on these result can say Iran''s society go toward low middle class that there through governmental politics and monetary payment، income distribution are more equal and mean of income are more.

The aims of this study is qualitative investigation of the sport of Zoorkhaneh by an emic and interpretive approach. 15 members of the Kerman's Zoorkhaneh were participated in this research. Four categories were extracted by using qualitative methodology of Grounded Theory. They are, instruments of the Zoorkhaneh: art and architecture; poems and ceremonies; and characters. Generally, finding indicated that: sport of the Zoorkhaneh has a heavy influence on formation of the heroic (Pahlevani) Identity. Actually, the heroic (Pahlevani) identity is being constructed by ceremonies, sport practices and method of practicing and working by instruments of the Zoorkhaneh accompanied by epic and religious poems. In fact instruments of the Zoorkhaneh, kind of the poem that called out, traditional architecture, and presence of the epic and religious characters of past and contemporary such as Takhti and Pouria-y-Vali, complement each other. This process increases the influence of Zoorkhaneh on identity formation and culminated in formation of a unique identity as the heroic (Pahlevani) identity.

The family as the foundation of society, throughout history, has been changed under the influence of various economic and social Evolutions. Certainly Iranians today family issues are different from fifty or one hundred years ago. During recent decades the trend of population growth and childbearing has led some families to have one child. This study has tried to explore the actions of one-child women of Ahvaz, and has recognized challenges of participants in relation to family and parenting that leads to this behavior. To achieve this goal, qualitative methodology and grounded theory have been used. Twenty women, who had just one child, were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Data analysis was done by open, axial and selective coding. The results included 17 sub-categories, 6 main categories and the core category of “facing the difficult challenges of childbearing”. Results show that the lack of adequate protection of women and families and not having enough time due to work or study are conditional challenges for childbearing. Women facing with these challenges in the context of the financial and housing problems and previous unpleasant experience of large size family, and risk of Intervention of the social climate and high cost of raising children, chose the one-child strategy.

This study is aimed to assessing Relation Emotion social security–economy, social–economy subjective and objective status on quality of life in Ahwaz city. In this research suggests that, emotion social security–economy, social-economy status result different levels quality of life. Then structure of the studies is taken of concept theory, Ideology, method knowledge, Structural approaches. Research data are chosen by survey method from samples with 385 person which are selected by cluster sampling from ahwaz citizens in different steps and gathered. Steps of statistical was done by Spss v 16 software. Result show that, emotion social security–economy, social–economy status are positive effective on quality of life.

The present study aims to investigate the influencing factors on altruistic behaviors while an emergency and crises position occur. Our basic problem was; what factors can intervene and play facilitator or inhibitor role in such situations? With this objective, we refer to theories that were directly or indirectly relate to this issue. Theories such as Urbanization, institutionalism, collective ignorance, revile responsibility, and behaviorism has established the theoretical framework of research and hypotheses have been extracted from above theories. Research method was survey, and used interview techniques with closed questions to collect data. The population of the study was all over 18 years citizens of Hamadan city in 2013. The sample size were 384 person that calculated using Cochran formula. Sampling mode, was combination of random and cluster sampling. Urban areas based on socio-economic norms divided into three categories, at first stage, based on cluster sampling, five categories were selected and then from each category respondents were selected randomly. Research findings and statistical tests showed that; there is significant relationship between institutionalism (-.042), Urbanization (-.072), collective ignorance (-0.37), revile responsibility (-.027), behaviorism (-.056) and altruism. In other words, institutionalism, urbanization, revile liability, collective ignorance and attachment to the principles of behaviorism reduced altruism attitudes among individuals.

For conducting a survey about the status of knowledge management (K.M) in Shahid Chamran University and its relationship with organizational culture (O.C), 188 faculties and 119 employees were randomly selected and then completed two questionnaires. Based on the results, there was found that the status of (K.M) is lower than critical value (t=3.5) and their differences are significant. Stepwise regression showed that five of (O.C) factors: (management support, identity, control, agreement whit conflict and risk tolerance) have significant effects on (K.M) and they can totally predict 36 percent of (K.M) variance. Also it was found that internalization can predict 25 percent of (O.C) solely.

In the past two decades, the concept of women's status has been expanded from education and socio-economic status to include women's access to control over resources and decision making power within the household. It is true that if both spouses participate in a decision, a better outcome may result than if either member alone takes the decision. A women's education and the socio-economic status of her family of origin are bases of her power in the household. From the perspective of the sociology of the family as one of the major social institutions known. The aim of the present research study is to analyze effect of status of women in the decision making power within the household. Hence in the theoretical context, we used sociological, psychological and feminist theories, technique of collective data is questionnaire and we used both the descriptive and analytical methods. Random samples of this research were 384 married (from 53943) women, in the city of Abadan in the province of khouzestan. The main finding in this regards has shown that the decision making power with in household is vividly notable among employed women. The finding of the study indicated a significant relationship between women status with increasing power in economical determination, the gender perspective, valuable resources of women, compliance of women, women's employment and the age of the spouse with the power of women in the family.

This study attempted to investigate social capital and knowledge management concepts among the employees of EMS (emergency medical services) 115 in Ahvaz. It also tried to determine the relationship between the two concepts. The research is of a descriptive-analytic type which used a survey method and a questionnaire to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; a researcher-made questionnaire for social capital and a questionnaire for knowledge management adopted from Foolad (2014) which is based on Jashpara’s 4-loop scale. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured. The population consisted of 287 people working in the EMS headquarter as well as those serving in 29 medical stations throughout the city of Ahvaz. The questionnaires were distributed in person and 244 questionnaires (over 61%) were fully completed and returned and used in the analyses. SPSS 19 was used to analyze the data. To determine the level of each variable and it components, one-sample t-test was applied and to test the relationship between the two variables of social capital and knowledge management, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. The results showed that total social capital among the employees is at a “fairly desirable” level, and for knowledge management is at a “moderate level”. There is also a positive significant correlation at a “moderate level” between the two concepts of social capital and knowledge management. Finally, some suggests are offered.

The aim of fulfillment of this research is the study of effective and economical factors on prostitution in Shiraz at 2010. This research has fulfilled with measurement method and also descriptive and analytic ways. There are choosing 100 samples from prostitute women for determining sample volume. After collecting information in framework of prostitution questionnaire. Datas have analyzed with spss software and statistic test of linear regression based of descriptive and analytical tables. The findings of (1) table show that among usual and prostitute samples %20 and 49 samples 49 % have found effective greatly civil life factors in prostitution phenomena. The findings of table, (2) among the samples which have usual and ethical deviation, 47 sample %47 and 44 samples 44 % have (understood) found effective greatly the absence of social monitoring in appearance of prostitution phenomena. The table (3) shows that among the samples which have usual and ethical deviations, 79 samples %79 and 58 samples %58 have understood effective greatly the family negative application in appearance of prostitution phenomena. The findings of table (4) show that among the sample which have usual and ethical deviations, 51 samples %51 and 35 samples %35 have understood (found) effective greatly ethical coarseness factors in appearance of the findings of table (5) show that among the samples of usual a prostitute 59 samples %59 and 53 samples %53 have understood effective greatly individual factor in prostitution. There fore, there a meaning ful relations ship among each of 5 variables and prostitute phenomena (p <. 05).