Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

The present study deals with the diversity and density of zooplankton of three fresh water bodies from the Satara district. The present work is carried out from June 2012 to June 2013. There are five major groups of zooplanktons namely rotifers > copepods >cladocearans >protozoan >ostracods. The study shows 66 species of zooplanktons where rotifers dominates all other groups.Â

Poultry sector is an emerging industry in Nepal with two distinct pattern of poultry production—intensive and scavenging. The scavenging poultry is widely prevalent in the rural areas and nearly 45% of total poultry population comprises of native flock and 55% of poultry birds accounts of commercial poultry (CBS 2012). In response to meet the urban demand for meat and egg, commercial poultry production is growing rapidly by more than three times in recent years (from 1985 to 2014). Poultry offers major advantages over other enterprises due to its low cost protein source, low generation interval, complementary role of poultry on other farming practices. In spite of its' potentiality, competition with human and other animal food sources, high cost of production, new disease challenges, low technical efficiency, lack of genetic improvement of economic traits of local breeds, adverse climatic condition due to climate change and unstable market for egg and meat are creating the major problem for sustainability. These constraints should be addressed with on farm research involving the middle class poultry producer along with others entrepreneurs with diversification of poultry industry, semi-intensive poultry farming , effective quarantine, adoption of low cost technology, food safety and food security with equal participation of stakeholders. Special emphasis should be given on research of locally feasible production technology, suitable poultry breeds and management. It gives new dimension towards poultry farming program in different clusters of Nepal. Moreover participatory response of poultry entrepreneur to program with priority to disease investigation, eradication and escorting poultry industry would be valuable.Â

A comprehensive review on dromedary camel milk traditional consumption, therapeutic value and its derived dairy product in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia is reviewed. In the pastoral community manufacturing of derived dairy products still difficulties in our country. Problems associated with derived dairy product produced from camel milk are highlighted. Fresh and fermented camel milk products were found to provide various potential health benefits. Include a treatment for gastritis, asthmatics, stomach discomfort, HIV, hamot (kar), tuberculosis, fever, urinary problems, hepatitis, jaundice, common cold, dearbeh ("diarrhea"), daarta ("nausea") and diabetics, for corresponding diseases there are traditional ways of treatment and for some diseases even dosages were present in Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia.

Satureja khuzistanica is an endemic plant distributed in southern part of Iran. It is well-known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and therapeutic virtues. This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of supplementation of drinking water with Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO) on litter quality and external carcass defects using 420 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks. Seven experimental treatments consisting supplementation of drinking water with 0 (control-), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/ L SkEO or 3.0 g/ L polysorbate 80 (control+) were examined in three replicates of 20 birds each up to day 28 of age. Water intake significantly reduced in a dose-dependent linear fashion in the birds received SkEO-treated water compared to the control birds (P<0.05). Litter moisture, pH and caking percent were significantly decreased by inclusion of SkEO in drinking water of the birds (P<0.05). SkEO-supplemented water decreased the incidence of severe (lesions with score 3 and 4) foot pad lesions, hock burns and breast blisters at the day 42 of age (P<0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of drinking water with SkEO could improve litter quality and reduce external carcass defects in broiler chicken mainly through reduced litter moisture and litter microbial load.

This paper focused on the priorities (weights) before the breeders in terms of selecting elite sperms of male Holstein cow through analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The goal is to prioritize the factors affecting the use of sperms of male Holstein cow by the dairy farmers of Tehran province, so 333 Holstein industrial dairy farms (herds) from various climatic and ecologic conditions were chosen for the study. These farms used various Holstein sperms. Data was collected by two types of pairwise comparison questionnaires. Validity of the data was tested by animal breeding experts and reliability of results was verified by means of Cronbach’s alpha stat. In the first phase, the contents of the first questionnaire were turned by 6-criteria breeders into the highest levels of priority in comparison to other criteria contained in catalogues of male Holstein cow sperm. After analysis, the breeding value of milk production, sperm cost, reliability of production traits, commercial life of daughters, daughters calving ease and breeding value of all type traits were taken as breeder criteria. In the second phase, 333 questionnaires of pairwise comparison and the 6 expert criteria of were distributed among 333 industrial Holstein farms of Tehran province. Once the questionnaires, software such as SAS 9.1 and Expert Choice 11.1 were used to analyze the data, calculate means and final weights. Eventually, the US Holstein sperm was used as the elite sperm with the highest rates of value and use among the dairy farms participating in the study.

A study was conducted to assess the responses of broiler chicks to the inclusion of dried rumen content (DRC) on broiler diet. One hundred and fifty unsexed one day old chicks (Cobb) were distributed randomly to five treatments in a completely randomised design. The experimental diets were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements for broiler chicks with inclusion of DRC at different levels: 0 %, 5 %, and 10% without enzymes and two diets containing 5% and 10% DRC with enzymes (amylase, protase, xylanase, glucanase) represented by A, B, C, D and E respectively. Feed and water were provided adlibtum. Weekly feed intake and body weight were recorded. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein intake and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were calculated. The experiment lasted for six weeks. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein during slaughtering chicks. Plasma was obtained to determine glucose, cholesterol, total lipids, protein and calcium. Carcass weight and some internal organs were weighed. Sensory evaluations of meat were conducted. The results showed that an increased feed intake and growth rate by increasing the levels of DRC in the diets. FCR, PER and Dressing percentage was not affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Treatments had no significant (P>0.05) effect on plasma glucose, cholesterol, Total lipids, protein and calcium. Gizzard weight and length of Ceacum increased by increasing DRC in the diets. The carcass quality of all treatments was similar in color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and acceptability. Broiler chicks can tolerate up to 10% DRC in the diets without adverse effect.

Agroclimatics and range management process have zootechnic performances effects on Ruminants production (cattle, sheep and goat). During three months within centers of slaughtering in peripheric Capital zone, a population of 422 adults goats were involved in 15 morphometric measurements: body and face lengths; head, shoulder, chest and rump widths; withers, chest, reverse paunch and rump heights; spiral, chest and paunch girth and life weight. Statistical analysis has been involved for typology and predicting goats performances. Goat Malagasy race has middle size without significant variations according to life weight such as 34.63±6.93 kg (p <0.05); 84.34±6.87 cm body length; 64.87±4.31 cm withers height; 76.67±5.79 cm chest girth and 83.23±7.38 cm paunch girth. Implied in zootechnic and veterinary actions, chest and paunch girth have been the best barymetric parameters to predict goat life weight (r²=0.87-0.89).

Two genes named: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 A (STAT5A) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) were typed in 90 animals representing three Sudanese cattle Zebu breeds (Fuga, Kenana and Butana). Blood samples were collected on vacutainer tubes supported with EDTA to prevent blood clotting, DNA were isolated and purified using standard phenol-chlorophorm method. Polymerase chain reactions were performed using specific primers for each gene under study. Each gene PCR products were subject to cut with specific restriction enzyme: BstEII for STAT5A and Csp6I for FGF2 gene. The results showed that amplification of the STAT5A gene produced a PCR product of 820 bp length, cut with restriction enzyme revealed the presence of two alleles: C (0.04) and G (0. 96) which produced two genotypes: CG (0.08) and GG (0.92) while the CC genotype was absent in all the breeds under study. The amplification of FGF2 gene produced a PCR product of 207 bp length, cut with restriction enzyme revealed the presence of two alleles: A (0.973) and G (0.973) which produced two homozygous genotypes: AA (0.887) and AG (0.114) while the GG genotype was absent in all the breeds under study. The study proved the possibility of using RFLP technique in genetic analysis and some quantitative trait loci studies if productive data is available. The results also showed a significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in Sudanese Zebu cattle breeds.

A sample of 39 native ewes belonging to different flocks, from different local communities of the Quetzaltenango Department in W Guatemala, were weighed and measured for thoracic girth, ear length, cannon perimeter, face length and head length. From this sample, 9 (23.0%) animals were microtic (ear length between 5 and 7 cm). Microtic ears presented a striking difference in size, and in all cases detected both outer ears were size-reduced and abnormally shaped. Anotia was not detected in any case. Principal Component Analysis allowed the clustering of both groups (microtic and “normal†eared animals), but differences were only based on ear length, the general conformation being similar for both. There is therefore no sense in culling microtic animals from breeding.

On farm feeding trial was conducted in wanchitu and dibayu site within Gambeltu PA of west Arsi zone of Oromiya region, using 16 dairy cows possessed by the local farmers of second parity to demonstrate the effect of supplementing concentrate at the rate of 2kg/day/cow on the productive and reproductive performance local dairy cows. Data collected was analysed using GLM procedure of SAS. Data on heart girth, body length wither height, reproductive efficiency and body weight was collected. The result of body weight derived from the heart girth indicated and confirmed by weighing scale indicated that there was no significance difference in initial and final weight of both supplemented and un supplemented cow. But there is a significant difference in change in body weight with the un supplemented group showing weight loss at the rate (-0.152095 kg/day) and the supplemented group showing weight gain at (0.016190 kg/day). More over the supplemented group showed 62.5% more efficiency in reproduction in terms of coming to heat than the unsupplemented cows. Supplementation of dry local cow in dry season resulted in year round reproduction. In turn increases the rate at which on farm F1 production through Artificial insemination.