نشریه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی
سال سوم شماره 10 (پاییز 1394)

The purpose of the present research was to study the descriptive model of evaluation in order to present an appropriate model for elementary levels in district two of Yazd city in the school year 2012-2013. Mixed Method was used as research method- A survey descriptive in Quantitative part and Content Analysis in Qualitative part was used. Statistical society of the study contains teachers and student's parents from primary schools in district two of Yazd. 160 teachers, with the help of Morgan Table, were selected as sample through a simple gathering data process. Also, through purposive sampling 100 male and 100 female parents were chosen. The tools for data gathering were two researcher-made questionnaires for teachers (50 questions) and Parents (30 questions) that their reliabilities were equal to. /93 and. /87 respectively and in Qualitative part was used Semi structured interview. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Based on research results, both teachers and parents agreed, to some extent, on the problems regarding Descriptive Qualitative Assessment planning. Furthermore, teachers put the most emphasis on the problems related to the performance procedures whereas parents accepted the idea proportionately. As conclusion, the problems related to the post performance procedures which were the same as the previous one, that is, the teachers putting emphasis on the problems and parents proportionately accepting them. The model of proposed evaluation can solve some executive problems in current descriptive Evaluation.

The main objective of this study is designing and explaining of professional learning community model in higher education system. Transformational leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure, and professional learning community instruments were executed on 226 faculty members (from 351 faculty members) of colleges of management of public universities of Tehran in the year 1393-94. The sampling method was two-stage cluster sampling method and then targeted available. Analysis showed accepted reliability and validity for instruments. This research used correlation method. The structural equation method contained one exogenous latent construct transformational leadership; and 3 endogenous latent constructs organizational culture, organizational structure, and professional learning community. The study demonstrated transformational leadership had significant and direct effect on organizational culture (γ=0/61), on organizational structure (γ=0/82), on professional learning community (γ=0/39), indirect and significant effect of organizational culture on organizational structure (β=-0/08), and direct and significant effect of organizational culture on professional learning community (β=0/72), and nonsignificant effect of organizational structure on professional learning community. Results showed transformational leadership that is idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, had direct effect on organizational culture i.e. solidarity and fixation, and communication patterns, and on organizational structure i.e. organic, and clearness of hierarchical organizational, and high supervision and control, and on professional learning community that is collective responsibility for student's learning, collaboration focused on professional learning. And so organizational culture had direct effect on professional learning community and also both of two constructs had direct effects on formation of university as professional learning community.

The purpose of this research is applying and the method is descriptive to identify and rank the effective factors on smart schools. The statistical population included all administrators, educational assistants and teachers of high schools 2 of district 13 in Tehran In the school year 93-94. 196 students were chosen based on random sampling and by using a total of Morgan. For collecting data a standard questionnaire in Likert scale with five options was used (very high, high, medium, low, very low), that one is less important and five is most important. Based on the results of the implementation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t single sample, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and variance analysis and a conceptual model of effective components in smart schools Which include: educational programs, cultural infrastructure, facilities and financial resources and manpower training is presented. At the end, a proposals to implement this concept in order to optimize the smart schools project is presented.

Present study, titled “Estimating the parameters of multiple-choice questions in the evaluation of the educational systems virtual" was performed on failed test to prevent the repetition of tests. For parameters estimation of the questions, responses of 49 final test of failed students was investigated in an academic semester. In the classic model, the degree of difficulty of each question (p) the proportion of correct responses in all subjects, and judgment (Rpbis) double-stranded correlation with the test point considered, the calculations showed: (1) In-89.7% of tests there wasn’t even a very easy and reliable question. (2) In 63.26% of tests wasn’t observed even a very difficult and reliable question. (3) Only 2.04% of tests is without unreliable question. After deleting the unreliable questions, the students’ marks were determined again and about 15.11% of students passed the test. Thus, by deletion unreliable questions, percent of failed tests reduced remarkably, the waste of resources is prevented, the criteria of students’ academic achievement became real more and provided better basis for decision-making in university.

The aim of present article is to study the role of strategies of learning resource management in the academic achievement among high school students. The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statisticalpopulation is 29,351 of high school students of the Semnan city. A multi-stage cluster sampling methodwasused. based on a sample size table of Krejci - Morgan, taking the error α=. 05 and sampling method, nearly 400 people were selected as the sample. Following the completion and refinement, 389 questionnaires were analyzable. Data gathered via questionnaire of resource management strategies made by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & Mckachie (1993) containing four subscales consists of 19 items. Reliability of subscales using Cronbach's Alpha has been calculated greater than. 61. For analyzing data, multiple regressions - the enter model was used. The results showed that the subscales of strategies of learning resource management including managing one's time and study environment, regulation of one's effort, peer learning, and help seeking explained the variance of academic achievement have a 31 percent (R=.55, F(4,384)=42.1, P<.01).

Educational justice has constantly been the focus of teaching and training experts. Growth of new philosophical and educational theories has provided the possibility of its realization. Thus; the aim of this article is to investigate the position of educational justice in evolution of teaching and training system based on constructivism. In this study, the researcher has used descriptive-analytical method to investigate educational justice in positivism paradigm of modern world and constructivism paradigm of post-modern world. Results of this study showed that although educational justice in modern society has been realized by utilization of positivism paradigm through universal and generalizable rules and availability of education for all mankind, its deficiency has caused that in postmodern society, utilization of construction paradigm and using the lodgments of criticism theory and giving a special attention to mankind originality and its individual differences as a newborn paradigm in teaching and training, societal pressures and injustices originate from inattention to individual differences decrease. Thus, it seems that evolution of teaching and training system based constructivism, has made educational justice to be realized more than before.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Emotional self - control training on reduction of students Depression in Payame Noor University of Bukan. For this, 40 students were randomly selected as the sample group. This is a semi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test plan and a control group. Questionnaire based on bullying Scale Hamilton (1960) were used as research tool. The program was presented to students during 10 sessions (each 60 min) in five weeks. The sample group was randomly divided into two 20 person groups, (an experimental group and a control group). The experimental group was taken under Emotional self- control training, while the control group was not. Data analysis with descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (Covariance Test) was performed using SPSS software. The results of Analysis of Covariance Test (p<0.05) for the dependent group, to determinate the effect of Emotional self- control training, showed that applying this program as an effective intervention reduced Depression in the testing phase and follow-up.