فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال سوم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

Type II diabetes is one of the most common chronic complications, which can reduce happiness and hopefulness among patients. Therefore, life skills training can be applied to promote happiness and optimism among diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of life skills training on happiness and hopefulness among patients with type II diabetes, referring to healthcare centers of Pakdasht, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, control-group design was applied. The study population consisted of all patients with type II diabetes, referring to healthcare centers of Pakdasht in 2015. Overall, 40 patients were selected via simple random sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=20 per group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of training on life skills (90 min per session), while the control group did not receive any training. The groups completed the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Hope Questionnaire (HQ) for pre-test and post-test assessments. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed, using SPSS version 19. The findings showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness and hopefulness. In other words, life skills training led to a significant increase in happiness and hopefulness among patients with type II diabetes (P&le0.0005). Based on the findings, it is suggested that therapists, counselors and clinical psychologists apply life skills training for promoting happiness and hopefulness among patients with type II diabetes.

The most basic indicator of diabetes care is controlling blood sugar in the normal range. HbA1C� has showed blood glucose average in the past 3-2 months and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. The study has been done with the aim of analyzing the effect of empowerment program on HbA1C in type 2 diabetic patients in Diabetes Center of Kashan. In this clinical trial, 100 patients with type 2 diabetes who had inclusion criteria were chosen randomly and they were divided into control and experimental groups by block randomly method. Intervention, were accomplished as educational sessions that twice in a week for 4 weeks. HbA1C test evaluated in two groups in diabetic patients before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16 and Statistical tests: Mann Whitney U, Chi-square, Exact fisher, T test. In this study, no statistically significant difference was observed between the study groups in demographic variables (P<0.05). However, results of paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the mean score of. Significant difference was observed in the mean score of HbA1C in each group after the intervention (p&le0.0001). While there are no significant difference in mean score of HbA1C in two groups after the intervention (p=0.9). So, use empowerment program in short time has not effects on HbA1C in patients with type 2 diabetes

Treatment challenges, continuous need for care, constant anxiety, and the ensuing effects lead to decreased quality of life in diabetic patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of supportive group psychotherapy in the improvement of quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 24 subjects were randomly selected from the Diabetes Clinic of Tafresh, Iran. The participants were allocated to two homogenous groups, based on their pre-test scores. The subjects were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Supportive group psychotherapy was employed in the experimental group for 10 sessions, followed by post-test. The data collection tool included World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Statistical analysis was performed, using dependent and independent t-test and analysis of variance. The analysis of variance and independent t-test results showed no significant difference between the two groups in pretest (P<0.05). However, dependent t-test results showed a significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores in the experimental group (P<0.05). The results indicated that supportive group psychotherapy is effective in the enhancement of quality of life in patients with diabetes.

Gestational diabetes is the most common medical disorder during pregnancy that result in maternal and neonatal complications.this study was to evaluate the BMI demographic variables in pregnant women with gestational diabetes were performed. In this cross-sectional study of 363 pregnant women who had 24 to 28 week of gestation referred to Zabol health centers And history of diabetes before pregnancy, termination of pregnancy before 24 weeks administration of drugs effecting glucose metabolism such as steroids and patients who have chronic liver disease, glandular and connective tissue disorders were studied. Information on the objectives of the study were collected using a questionnaire. 17 cases or 4/7 percent� Of all subjects, were diagnosed with gestational diabetes Among the risk factors surveyed� maternal age, body mass index with increased risk of gestational diabetes (p <0/05). there was no statistically significant relationship Between occupation, education level with gestational diabetes. High and low maternal age and BMI can contribute to complications of pregnancy, Thus pregnancy in women with older age and abnormal weight should be considered as a high-risk pregnancy Special care in order to prevent the occurrence of this complication.

Stress is a major problem among patients with type I diabetes. In general, stress is affected by several factors, the most important of which are defense style and religiosity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, defense style, and religiosity among patients with type I diabetes. In this descriptive, analytical, correlational study, all patients with type I diabetes, referring to Gharchak healthcare center in 2015, were recruited. In total, 110 patients were selected via simple random sampling. All subjects completed the defense style questionnaire (DSQ), religiosity questionnaire (RQ), and perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ). For data analysis, Pearson&rsquos correlation test and multivariate regression analysis were performed, using SPSS version 19.0. The findings showed a significant negative relationship between mature defense style, internal religiosity, and perceived stress among patients with type I diabetes. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was found between immature and neurotic defense styles, external religiosity, and perceived stress among these patients. In the predictive model, mature defense style, neurotic defense style, and internal religiosity predicted 43.81% of variance in perceived stress among patients with type I diabetes (P&le0.01). Based on the present findings, therapists, counselors, and clinical psychologists should take these factors into account and design appropriate programs to decrease perceived stress among patients with type I diabetes.

Insulin therapy is an invasive and stressful procedure, which requires daily repetition. This type of therapy can be challenging and stressful for children and their families. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the level of insulin-induced anxiety among children with type I diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, insulin-induced anxiety was analyzed for three days in 30 children with type I diabetes (aged 3-12 years), using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R) at Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center The findings showed that 50%, 30%, and 20% of diabetic children had slight, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety, respectively. Verbal resistance and crying were the most common manifestations of behavioral distress in diabetic children during insulin injections. There was a significant association between insulin-induced anxiety and variables such as age, duration of diabetes, and the number of daily insulin injections. Insulin-induced anxiety is a challenging issue for young diabetic children and their parents, especially in the early phase of disease detection. In fact, the induced anxiety may affect children's physical and mental health. Therefore, further studies and interventions are required to reduce patients&rsquo anxiety and improve their adjustment with insulin therapy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of positive and negative emotions and problem solving styles in predicting diabetic patient's life satisfaction. This research is a descriptive analytic study in type of correlation. The study population included all diabetic patients who refers to sannadaj hospitals and health centers in 1392. The samples were included of 100 patent (60weman, 40 man) who had been selected by simple convenience method. research tools were included of questionnaire positive and negative emotion, problem solving styles and life satisfaction. For data analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The data analysis showed that positive emotions and positive problem solving styles have positive significant relationship with life satisfaction (P<0/001)؛ and negative emotion have a negative and significant (p<0/001) with life satisfaction. but don&rsquot found relationship between the life satisfaction and negative problem solving styles (p<0/001). In general we can say that positive emotions and positive problem solving styles have relationship with higher level of physical and mental adaptability and stressful life events and life satisfaction and higher levels of performance، therefore affect the quality of life and mental health patients.