نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، پاییز 1393)

In order to evaluation of the effect of tillage different methods and crop residue management on agromorphologic characteristic of wheat cv. Sardari in dry land condition, a field experiment was conducted as Strip plot based on randomized complete block design with four replication in 2012. Factors examined include tillage in four levels: moldboard plow with disk, chisel, compound tillage and direct seeding as the main plot and the plant residue management in four levels: burning, grazing, complete stubble and no stubble as the subplot. The results showed that, The minimum spike weight was about 0.69 g was obtained direct seeding that as compared with moldboard plow with disk decreased by 25%. The maximum spike weight was about 0.88 g that was obtained in the use of chisel that as compared with moldboard plow with disk increased by 2%. The highest grain yield equal to 909.81 kg/ha was recorded from direct seeding. Using of direct seeding increased grain yield than the use of moldboard plow with disk, chisel, and compound tillage 12, 17, and 24 percent, respectively. Interaction effects of tillage and plant residue showed that the highest yield equal to 990.5 and 946.63 kg/ha and was belonged to direct seeding along with the grazing and direct seeding along with burning.

In order to identification and isolation of salt tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti strains, several soil samples and root nodules were collected from some regions of Khorassan Province and also some strains from Soil & Water Research Institute and one standard strain were studied. After nodulation test, strains was inoculated to Yeast Extract Monitol Broth (YEMB) medium at 28ºC degree centigrade and then exposed to different concentration of NaCl (0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 mM). Growth turbidity (OD420nm) as an indicator for bacterial growth was measured after for 72 hr. A factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that all strains grew well in control treatment and six strains showed growth turbidity (OD) >1.0. Growth turbidity of 44 strains had high significant differences under salt stress. Salt concentrations greater than 600 mM severely affected the bacteria growth. Only eight strains showed OD>0.1, considered as salt tolerance strains. Amoung which, strain M32 showed significant difference (P<0.05). None grew in a salin solution of 750 mM.

The physiological response of Henna ecotypes to different rates of N fertilizer and low-irrigation was studied in a split-split-plot experiment on the basis of a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Jiroft in 2013-2014. The main plot was devoted to low-irrigation stress at three levels (100, 75 and 50% water requirement), the sub-plot was devoted to N fertilization at three levels (50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1) and the sub-sub-plot was devoted to ecotype at three levels (Bami, Boushehri and Roudbari). It was found that low-irrigation stress significantly affected all traits (relative water content, dye rate and chlorophyll index at the 1% level and chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b at the 5% level) except electrolyte leakage rate and chlorophyll b. The influence of N rate was significant on all traits (at the 1% level, chlorophyll index at the 5% level) except electrolyte leakage rate, chlorophyll b and dye rate. The studied ecotypes showed significant differences only in dye rate (at the 1% level) and electrolyte leakage (at the 5% level). The highest Lawson content of 20.61 was obtained from the ecotype Bami treated with 150 kg N ha-1 and 75% water requirement. The lowest one of 12.55 was obtained from the ecotype Boushehri treated with 150 kg N ha-1 and 50% water requirement. Therefore, it can be said that the application of 100 kg N ha-1 treated with water stress at 75% water requirement was the best treatment for obtaining more fresh plants with higher essential oil (Lawson).

This research was carried out in the farm located in sari with latitude 36/38 and longitude 53/12 and 13/5 meter height above sea level in the year 2013 and 2014. Experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice cultivars were chosen as main plots including Tarom Mahalli and Tarom Hashemi. Nitrogen rates, 35 and 70 kg N ha-1 and nitroxin was chosen as sub plot and spraying water, nano silicon, nano– potassium and nano-silicone + nano-potassium were sub subplots. The results showed that the most panicle length (28/77 cm) and the most spikelets per spike (113/80 spikelets) respectively belong to Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli. the most fertile tiller per hill and straw yield (kg ha-1) had obtained respectively with (21.7 and 6129/17 kg ha-1) and the lowest filled spikelet number and harvest index was achieved (91.09 and 42/75%) with consumption of 70 kg of nitrogen per hectare, respectively. nano-silicon lonely spraying results the most grain yield, equal 4746/67 kg ha-1, While the highest harvest index (45/18%) obtained by integrate application of nano-silicon and nano- potassium chelate. without spraying,the least filled spikelet per panicle was achieved (90/53 spikelets), respectively. under twofold interaction effect, The highest maximum spikelets (119/6 spikelets) and filled spikelet number (107/7 spikelets) were obtained with the use of nitroxin in Tarom cultivar. With consumption of 70 kg ha-1of nitrogen and without spraying, the lowest filled spikelet (77/21 clusters) was obtained and by the application of nano-potassium chelate, the highest straw yield and biological yield (respectively 6633 and 11580 kg per hectare) was achieved. The highest harvest index observed with consumption of nitroxin in Tarom mahalli cultivar (46/34%) and also obtain with combined nitroxin and nano-silicon (46/29%), respectively.

In order to investigate the effects of tillage systems and plant densities in two plant pattern, on kernel yield and its component on corn (Zea mays L.cv.sc704), an experimental design, randomized complete block in a strip factorial was used, treatments arrangement with four replications in north of Iran in 2010-2011. Main plot was subjected to tillage systems in three levels: 1. Rotary system (RS). 2. Disk system (DS) - 3. Plow and Disck system (PDS). Other factors were plant density in three levels (60000, 70000 and 80000 plant/ha) and plant pattern were conventional row (linear) and new two rows (zigzag). The results indicated that all traits, were not affected by tillage systems, while the grain yield and 1000 seeds weight, which were affected by plant density showed significant difference. With the increase of density from 60000 to 80000 plants/ha, grain yield and 1000 seeds weight increased, an amount of from 9.09 to 11.14 t/ha and 332.35 to319.52 gr respectively. Grain yield and 1000 seeds weight were not affected by plant pattern.

In order to study the effects of sowing date and super absorbent polymer application on yield and agronomic traits of safflower cultivars under rain fed conditions, an experiment was conducted using a split-split plot layout in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sanandaj region. Two planting dates of delay (a1) and spring (a2) sowing were compared in main plots. Two treatments of non-application (b1) and application (b2) of super absorbent polymer were assigned in subplots and three cultivars of Sina (c1), Faraman (c2) and Goldasht (c3) were applied as sub-subplots. Results showed that the phenology of safflower was significantly affected by sowing date. The longest developmental stages were recorded in delay sowing date. Super absorbent application had no significant effect on crop phenology. Effect of sowing date on capitula number per plant, seed yield, biological yield and protein yield was significant. delay sowing date was superior to spring sowing date with regard to seed yield and crop productivity. Super absorbent application significantly increased the number of capitula per plant, moreover in spring sowing date, application of super absorbent significantly increased biological yield as compared with non-application treatment. The greatest amount of seed yield among the studied genotypes was recorded by Faraman cultivar at the rate of 601.2 kg/ha. According to the results of this experiment, delay sowing of safflower in rain fed conditions is more recommended in comparison with spring sowing, and super absorbent application especially in spring sowing date can resulted in improvement of crop growth and yield. In addition to, Faraman cultivar was superior to other two cultivars with regard to productivity and yield under regional conditions of this experiment.