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Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery - Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jan 2016

Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Jan 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/10/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 19
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  • David Ring Pages 1-1
  • Anshul Sobti*, Pranshu Agrawal, Sanjay Agarwala, Manish Agarwal Pages 2-9
    Giant Cell tumors (GCT) are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. Although rarely lethal, benign bone tumors may be associated with a substantial disturbance of the local bony architecture that can be particularly troublesome in peri-articular locations. Its histogenesis remains unclear. It is characterized by a proliferation of mononuclear stromal cells and the presence of many multi- nucleated giant cells with homogenous distribution. There is no widely held consensus regarding the ideal treatment method selection. There are advocates of varying surgical techniques ranging from intra-lesional curettage to wide resection. As most giant cell tumors are benign and are located near a joint in young adults, several authors favor an intralesional approach that preserves anatomy of bone in lieu of resection. Although GCT is classified as a benign lesion, few patients develop progressive lung metastases with poor outcomes. Treatment is mainly surgical. Options of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are reserved for selected cases. Recent advances in the understanding of pathogenesis are essential to develop new treatments for this locally destructive primary bone tumor.
    Keywords: GCT, GCTB, Giant Cell Tumor of Bone, Review of giant cell tumor
  • Tyler Gonzalez*, Eric Bluman, David Palms, Jeremy Smith, Christopher Chiodo Pages 10-15
    Background
    The most expensive variable in the operating room (OR) is time. Lean Process Management is being used in the medical field to improve efficiency in the OR. Streamlining individual processes within the OR is crucial to a comprehensive time saving and cost-cutting health care strategy. At our institution, one hour of OR time costs approximately $500, exclusive of supply and personnel costs. Commercially prepared splint packs (SP) contain all components necessary for plaster-of-Paris short-leg splint application and have the potential to decrease splint application time and overall costs by making it a more lean process. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing OR time savings between SP use and bulk supply (BS) splint application.
    Methods
    Fifty consecutive adult operative patients on whom post-operative short-leg splint immobilization was indicated were randomized to either a control group using BS or an experimental group using SP. One orthopaedic surgeon (EMB) prepared and applied all of the splints in a standardized fashion. Retrieval time, preparation time, splint application time, and total splinting time for both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.
    Results
    The retrieval time, preparation time and total splinting time were significantly less (p<0.001) in the SP group compared with the BS group. There was no significant difference in application time between the SP group and BS group.
    Conclusion
    The use of SP made the process of splinting more lean. This has resulted in an average of 2 minutes 52 seconds saved in total splinting time compared to BS, making it an effective cost-cutting and time saving technique. For high volume ORs, use of splint packs may contribute to substantial time and cost savings without impacting patient safety.
    Keywords: Ambulatory surgery, Economics, Efficiency, Foot, ankle, Lower extremity, Operating room, Splinting
  • Georgios Drosos*, Georgios Kiziridis, Cristina Aggelopoulou, Dimitrios Galiatsatos, George Anastassopoulos, Athanasios Ververidis, Konstantinos Kazakos Pages 16-22
    Background
    The pneumatic tourniquet (PT) is routinely used in upper and lower limb operations by most orthopaedic surgeons. The silicone ring tourniquet (SRT) was introduced in clinical practice the last decade. Clinical as well comparative studies in volunteers concerning its safety and efficacy have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the postoperative effect of the silicone ring tourniquet (SRT), primarily on the motor nerve conduction, and secondarily on the pain and grip strength, in comparison to the effect of the pneumatic tourniquet (PT) in healthy volunteers.
    Methods
    Both tourniquets were applied in the forearm of the dominant arm in 20 healthy volunteers and were kept on for 10 minutes. Pain was measured using the visual analogue scale and grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. We evaluated the following parameters of median nerve conduction: motor conduction velocity (MCV), latency (LAT) and amplitude (AMP).
    Results
    Pain score at the time of tourniquet application was higher in SRT group but the alteration in pain scores in PT group was higher, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The grip strength was reduced by the application of both tourniquets; however there was a significantly higher reduction in the SRT group (P<0.05). The conduction impairment of the median nerve was worse in the PT group than in the SRT one, according to the changes in MCV (P<0.05).
    Conclusion
    Median nerve conduction was affected more after PT application as compared to the SRT. Nevertheless, the reduction of grip strength was higher after the SRT application.
    Keywords: Cuff, Nerve conduction, Pain, Silicone ring tourniquet, Tourniquet
  • Cyril Jonnes, Shishir Suranigi*, Syed Najimudeen Pages 23-28
    Background
    Intertrochanteric fracture is one of the most common fractures of the hip especially in the elderly with osteoporotic bones, usually due to low-energy trauma like simple falls. Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) is still considered the gold standard for treating intertrochanteric fractures by many. Not many studies compare the DHS with Proximal femoral nail (PFN), in Type II intertrochanteric fractures (Boyd and Griffin classification). This study was done to compare the functional and radiological outcome of PFN with DHS in treatment of Type II intertrochanteric fractures.
    Methods
    From October 2012 to March 2015, a prospective comparative study was done where 30 alternative cases of type II intertrochanteric fractures of hip were operated using PFN or DHS. Intraoperative complications were noted. Functional outcome was assessed using Harris Hip Score and radiological findings were compared at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.
    Results
    The average age of the patients was 60 years. In our series we found that patients with DHS had increased intraoperative blood loss (159ml), longer duration of surgery (105min), and required longer time for mobilization while patients who underwent PFN had lower intraoperative blood loss (73ml), shorter duration of surgery (91min), and allowed early mobilization. The average limb shortening in DHS group was 9.33 mm as compared with PFN group which was only 4.72 mm. The patients treated with PFN started early ambulation as they had better Harris Hip Score in the early post-op period. At the end of 12th month, there was not much difference in the functional outcome between the two groups.
    Conclusion
    PFN is better than DHS in type II inter-trochanteric fractures in terms of decreased blood loss, reduced duration of surgery, early weight bearing and mobilization, reduced hospital stay, decreased risk of infection and decreased complications.
    Keywords: Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS), Inter, trochanteric fractures, Harris Hip Score, Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN)
  • Seyyed Morteza Kazemi, Reza Minaei*, Farshad Safdari, Ali Keipourfard, Rozhin Forghani, Alemeh Mirzapourshafiei Pages 29-34
    Background
    There are few studies comparing the biomechanical properties of angled blade plate and locking compression plates in supracondylar osteotomy. In the current randomized study, we prospectively compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of supracondylar osteotomy using these two plates.
    Methods
    Forty patients with valgus knee malalignment were randomly assigned to two equal numbered groups: angled blade plate and locking compression plates. All of the patients underwent medial closing wedge supracondylar osteotomy and were followed for one year. Before and after the operation the valgus angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle were compared between groups. Also, the rate of complications were compared.
    Results
    After the operation, the mean valgus angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle improved significantly in the two groups (P<0.001). Although, the preoperative amount of the valgus angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle were the same, at the last visit the valgus angle (5.4±2.1 versus 3.1±1.8; P=0.032) and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (87.6±2 versus 89.7±3.2; P=0.041) were significantly lower and higher in the angled blade plate group, respectively. Nonunion occurred in four patients (20%) in the locking compression plates group (P=0.35).
    Conclusion
    Based on having a larger valgus angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle correction in the angled blade plate group and considerable rate of nonunion in the locking compression plate group, the authors recommend using the angled blade plate for fixation of medial closing wedge supracondylar osteotomy for patients with valgus malalignment. However, more long-term studies are required.
    Keywords: Angle blade plate, Locking compression late, Valgus knee
  • Rinne Peters*, Mariano Menendez, Jos Mellema, David Ring, Ana, Maria Vranceanu Pages 35-40
    Background
    Although upper-extremity disability correlates with psychosocial aspects of illness the association with sleep disturbance in upper extremity disability is less certain. To evaluate whether sleep disturbance is associated with upper-extremity disability among patients with upper extremity illness, accounting for sociodemographic, condition-related, and psychosocial factors.
    Methods
    A cohort of 111 new or follow-up patients presenting to an urban academic hospital-based hand surgeon completed a sociodemographic survey and measures of sleep disturbance (PROMIS Sleep Disturbance), disability (PROMIS Upper-Extremity Physical Function), ineffective coping strategies (PROMIS Pain Interference), and depression (PROMIS Depression). Bivariate and multivariable linear regression modeling were performed.
    Results
    Sleep disturbance correlated with disability (r=-0.38; P<0.001) in bivariate analysis. Symptoms of depression (r=-0.44; P<0.001) and ineffective coping strategies (PROMIS Pain Interference: r=-0.71; P<0.001) also correlated with upper-extremity specific disability in bivariate analysis. Pain Interference was the only factor associated with disability in multivariable analysis.
    Conclusions
    Sleep disturbance is not as strongly or directly associated with symptom intensity and magnitude of disability as ineffective coping strategies. Interventions to reduce pain interference (e.g. cognitive behavioral therapy) hold great potential to decrease musculoskeletal symptom intensity and magnitude of disability, and perhaps even sleep disturbance.
    Keywords: Disability, Pain interference, Sleep disturbance, Upper extremity
  • Ali Torkaman, Abolfazl Bagherifard, Tahmineh Mokhtari, Mohamadhossein Shabanpour Haghighi*, Siamak Monshizadeh, Hamid Taraz, Amin Hasanvand Pages 41-46
    Background
    Surgical treatments for acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation present with some complications. The present study was designed to evaluate the double-button fixation system in the management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.
    Methods
    This cross sectional study, done between February 2011 to June 2014, consisted of 28 patients who underwent surgical management by the double-button fixation system for acute AC joint dislocation. Age, sex, injury mechanism, dominant hand, side with injury, length of follow up, time before surgery, shoulder and hand (DASH), constant and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and all complications of the cases during the follow up were recorded.
    Results
    The mean age of patients was 33.23±6.7 years. Twenty four patients (85.71%) were male and four (14.28%) were female. The significant differences were observed between pre-operation VAS, constant shoulder scores and post-operation measurements (P=0.001, P=0.0001, P=0.0001, respectively). There were not any significant differences between right and left coracoclavicular (P=0.238), but two cases of heterotrophic ossifications were recorded. The mean follow-up time was 16.17±4.38 months.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, the double-button fixation system for management of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation has suitable results and minimal damage to the soft tissues surrounding the coracoclavicular ligaments.
    Keywords: Acromioclavicular joint, Dislocation, Double, button fixation
  • Mohsen Mardani, Kivi, Mehran Soleymanha*, Zahra Haghparast, Ghadim, Limudahi Pages 47-51
    Background
    The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome of humeral shaft fractures with a locked rigid intramedullary nail in patients indicated for surgical treatment.
    Methods
    In this descriptive-cross sectional study, all patients were followed up for one, six, and 18 months post operatively. The Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36) and Constant Shoulder Score were applied.
    Results
    Of 78 included patients (mean age: 35), one patient had a soft tissue infection, one had secondary radial nerve palsy, eight had non-union, one had elbow limited range of motion in extension, and three patients had decreased shoulder range of motion. The Constant Shoulder Score and Short Form Questionnaire Score (SF-36) increased in all patients, although aged women showed lower improvement.
    Conclusion
    Intramedullary nail fixation in the humeral shaft fracture may be associated with high rates of non-union.
    Keywords: Humeral shaft fractures, Nailing, Orthopedic procedures, Treatment outcome
  • Farzad Omidi, Kashani, Ebrahim Hasankhani*, Atefe Zare Pages 52-55
    Background
    Several prognostic factors exist influencing the outcome of surgical discectomy in the patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between severity of preoperative impaired ankle reflex and outcomes of lumbar discectomy in the patients with L5-S1 LDH.
    Methods
    We retrospectively evaluated 181 patients (108 male and 73 female) who underwent simple discectomy in our orthopedic department from April 2009 to April 2013 and followed them up for more than one year. The mean age of the patients was 35.3±8.9 years old. Severity of reflex impairment was graded from 0 to 4+ and radicular pain and disability were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaires, respectively. Subjective satisfaction was also evaluated at the last follow-up visit. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare qualitative variables.
    Results
    Reflex impairment existed in 44.8% preoperatively that improved to 10% at the last follow-up visit. Statistical analyses could not find a significant relationship between the severity of impaired ankle reflex and sex or age (P=0.538 and P=0.709, respectively). There was a remarkable relationship between severity of reflex impairment and preoperative radicular pain or disability (P=0.012 and P=0.002, respectively). Kruskal-Wallis test showed that a more severity in ankle reflex impairment was associated with not only less improvement in postoperative pain and disability but also less satisfaction rate (P
    Conclusions
    In the patients with L5-S1 LDH, more severe ankle reflex impairment is associated with less improvement in postoperative pain, disability, and subjective satisfaction.
    Keywords: Ankle Reflex, Discectomy, Outcome, prognosis
  • Mohammadreza Emamhadi, Bahram Soltani*, Parvin Babaei, Hossein Mashhadinezhad, Shervin Ghadarjani Pages 56-59
    Background
    Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major clinical condition and research is commonly done to find suitable treatment options. However, there are some degrees of spontaneous recovery after SCI and gender is said to be a contributing factor in recovery, but this is controversial. This study was done to compare the effects of sexual dimorphism on spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury in Wistar Rats.
    Methods
    Spinal cord lesions were made by compressing the cord at T9 level and making a spinal cord contusion. Routine care of each rat was done daily. The LSS scoring system was used to measure the locomotion of these rats and to compare the recovery rate between male and female rats.
    Results
    The results suggested that there was no significant difference between the two sex in recovery.
    Conclusions
    To be female does not seem to be a prognostic factor for recovery after SCI. However, this preliminary study should be repeated in other animals and in larger cohorts.
    Keywords: Gender, Rat, Spinal cord injury, Spontaneous recovery
  • Mohsen Mardani, Kivi, Behzad Zohrevandi*, Khashayar Saheb, Ekhtiari, Keyvan Hashemi, Motlagh Pages 60-64
    Background
    Considering the importance of an early diagnosis and proper decision-making in regards to the treatment of pediatric distal radius and elbow fractures, this study examines emergency medicine specialists’ accuracy in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
    Methods
    From 2012 and 2013, children less than 14 years old who were referred to an academic hospital emergency department with elbow or distal radius fractures were enrolled. Initially, patients were examined by an emergency medicine specialist and then they were referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Type of fracture and the proposed treatment of two specialists were compared.
    Results
    In total, there were 108 patients (54 patients in each group) with a mean age of 8.1+3.3 years. Identical diagnosis in 48 cases (88.9%) of distal radius and 36 cases (66.7%) of elbow trauma were observed. We found a difference between diagnosis of the two specialists in diagnosing lateral condyle of the humerus fracture in the elbow group and growth plate fracture in the distal radius fracture group, but the differences were not significant. Among 108 patients, 70 patients (64.8%) received identical treatment.
    Conclusion
    Although the emergency medicine specialists responded similarly to the orthopedic specialists in the diagnosis of pediatric distal radius and elbow fractures, diagnosis of more complicated fractures such as lateral condylar humoral fractures, distal radius growth plate and for choosing the proper treatment option, merits further education.
    Keywords: Distal radius fracture, Emergency medicine, Elbow fracture, Orthopedics, Pediatrics
  • Sohrab Keyhani, Ali Akbar Esmailiejah, Mohammadreza Abbasian*, Farshad Safdari Pages 65-69
    Background
    The most appropriate route of tranexamic acid administration is controversial. In the current study, we compared the efficacy of intravenous (IV) and topical intra-articular tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and transfusion rate in patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty.
    Methods
    One hundred twenty 120 patients were scheduled to undergo primary total knee arthroplasty. Patients were randomly allocated to three equal groups: IV tranexamic acid (500 mg), topical tranexamic acid (3 g in 100 mL normal saline) and the control. In the topical group, half of the volume was used to irrigate the joint and the other half was injected intra-articularly. The volume of blood loss, hemoglobin (Hb) level at 24 hours postoperative, and rate of transfusion was compared between groups.
    Results
    The blood loss and Hb level were significantly greater and lower in the control group, respectively (P<0.05). Also, the rate of transfusion was significantly greater in the control group (P<0.05). However, IV and topical groups did not differ significantly in terms of measured variables. No patient experienced a thromboembolic event in our study.
    Conclusion
    Tranexamic acid is a useful antifibrinolytic drug to reduce postoperative blood loss, Hb drop, and rate of blood transfusion in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The route of tranexamic acid administration did not affect the efficacy and safety.
    Keywords: Blood loss, Blood transfusion, Hemoglobin, Total knee arthroplasty, Tranexamic acid, Route of administration
  • Mehran Soleimanha, Mohammad Haghighi*, Ahmadreza Mirbolook, Abbas Sedighinejad, Mohsen Mardani, Kivi, Bahram Naderi, Nabi, Tahereh Chavoshi, Mehrnoosh Ghandili Mehrnoosh Pages 70-74
    Background
    Increased costs and mortality associated with inappropriate blood transfusions have led to investigations about blood request and blood transfusion techniques. We investigated the transfusion status in patients who underwent orthopedic surgery in Poursina Hospital (Rasht, Iran) to optimizing blood usage and determine if a scheduled transfusion program for every orthopedic surgery could improve blood transfusion management.
    Method
    In this descriptive-prospective study, all orthopedic surgeries in Poursina Hospital, Rasht, between April to June 2013 were reviewed. All patient information was recorded, including: demographics, type of surgery, hemoglobin level, cross-match test, duration of surgery, and blood loss, and transfusion. Based on the one-way ANOVA and independent samples test analysis, cross-match to transfusion ratio and transfusion possibility, the transfusion index, and maximal surgical blood order schedule were calculated to determine blood transfusion status.
    Results
    Among 872 selected orthopedic surgery candidates, 318 of them were cross-matched and among those, 114 patients received a blood transfusion. In this study, the cross-match to transfusion ratio was 6.4, transfusion possibility 36.47%, transfusion index 0.6, and maximal surgical blood order schedule 0.9.
    Conclusion
    We found that blood ordering was moderately higher than the standard; so it is highly recommended to focus on the knowledge of evidence based on transfusion and standard guidelines for blood transfusion to avoid over-ordering.
    Keywords: Blood transfusion, Orthopedic surgery, Transfusion index, Transfusion possibility
  • Arash Peivandi Yazdi, Mohammad Alipour, Seyyed Saeed Jahanbakhsh, Mohammad Gharavifard, Mehryar Taghavi * Pages 75-79
    Background
    Reservation of blood leads to blood wastage if the blood is not transfused. Therefore, in some centers only blood type and screen are evaluated. In this study, the efficacy of a blood crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio was measured and then compared with the standard levels.
    Methods
    This prospective study was conducted during one year in a university hospital. During this period, 398 patients for whom blood had been requested were studied. In these patients, at the first surgical type, the laboratory tests (hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet count, and prothrombin time) and the number of preoperative crossmatched and intraoperative transfused blood units were recorded. Then the crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio, transfusion probability, transfusion index, and correlation between related factors, and the transfusion ratio were evaluated.
    Results
    In this cross-sectional study, blood was requested for 398 patients. According to available blood unit deficiency, from 961 blood unit requisitions, only 456 units were crossmatched and 123 units were transfused. The crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio, transfusion probability, and transfusion index were 3.71 (7.81 if all requisitions were crossmatched), 16.83%, and 0.31, respectively. The most unfavorable indexes were observed in patients who had ear, nose, and throat surgeries (0 transfused from 19 crossmatched blood units) and obstetric and gynecologic surgery (crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio was 18.6). The best indexes were related to thoracic surgery and neurosurgery (crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio was 1.53 and 1.54, respectively). There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and prothrombin time with the number of transfused blood units (P = 0.2, 0.14, 0.26, and 0.06, respectively).
    Conclusion
    The data for the crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio, transfusion probability, and transfusion index were suboptimal at this center, especially for ear, nose, and throat and obstetric and gynecologic surgeries. Further multidimensional studies and determination of a new model for blood requests and to decrease blood wastage are needed.
    Keywords: Blood grouping, crossmatching, Blood products, Blood transfusion
  • Theodoros Papakostas, Aristomenis E. Tsovilis, Emilios E. Pakos * Pages 80-82
    Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors. They are located either subcutaneously or under the investing fascia in intramuscular or intermuscular regions. The reported frequency of intramuscular lipomas among all benign adipocytic tumors is 1.0%–5.0% and for intermuscular lipomas is 0.3%–1.9%. The frequency of these lesions is the same in all age groups, but in adults deep seated-lipomas are most commonly discovered between the ages of 30 and 60. The most common sites of involvement of intramuscular lipomas are the large muscles of the extremities, especially those of the thigh, shoulder, and upper arm. Intramuscular lipomas of the hand are extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. In cases with hand location, they may present with functional deficit or neurovascular compromise due to the effect of the mass. We report an unusual case of a large intramuscular lipoma of the thenar that was treated with surgical excision due to the impairment of hand function.
    Keywords: Intramuscular, Lipoma, Thenar
  • Mohammad Ghorbanhoseini*, Hamidreza Yazdi, Hossein Naseh, Poopak Hafezi Pages 83-86
    Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that is characterized with noncaseating granulomatous nodules which present in multiple organs specially lungs (90%). Incidence of masses due to Sarcoidosis in upper extremity is low and most cases present in association with involvement of pulmonary hilary lymph nodes. In this article we present a rare case of Sarcoidosis which presented as a single soft tissue mass in hand without osseous or pulmonary hillary lymph node involvement. Incidence of involvement of musculoskeletal system is 1-5 %, mostly it occurs in small bones in hands and feet. In most cases involvement of soft tissue in extremities is accompanied with bone lesions. Those cases of soft tissue involvement are generally coincide with pulmonary lymph nodules. To the authors knowledge this is the first case of Sarcoidosis that presents without spreading in bones or pulmonary hilar lymph nodes.
    Keywords: Hand, Non, caseating Granulomas, Sarcoidosis
  • Ali Enshaei, Ahmadreza Afshar * Pages 87-89
    We report a case of Nicolau syndrome in a 15 months old girl following of an intramuscular injection of penicillin 6.3.3 in her left buttock. This case is unique because she developed compartment syndrome in her left calf far from her injection site. Her toe’s tips gangrened in the course of her ailment. We hypothesized that the compartment syndrome might be produced by a probable intra-arterial injection that had produced embolic obstruction of the small and medium size arteries in her leg or a probable perineural or periarteial injection had produced secondary sympathetic stimulation, extensive vasospasm, compromised microcirculation and the development of compartment syndrome.
    Keywords: Compartment syndrome, Embolia cutis medicamentosa, Intramuscular injection, Livedoid dermatitis, Nicolau syndrome
  • Hamidreza Aslani, Seyed Taghi Nourbakhsh, Zohreh Zafarani, Monireh Ahmadi, Bani, Mohammad Ebrahim Shahsavand Ananloo, Maani Beigy, Shahin Salehi Pages 90-93

    Frozen shoulder is a glenohumeral joint disorder that perturbs movement because of adhesion and the existence of fibrosis in the shoulder capsule. Platelet-rich plasma can produce collagen and growth factors, which increases stem cells and consequently enhances the healing. To date, there is no evidence regarding the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in frozen shoulder. A 45-year-old man with shoulder adhesive capsulitis volunteered for this treatment. He underwent two consecutive platelet-rich plasma injections at the seventh and eighth month after initiation of symptoms. We measured pain, function, and ROM by the visual analogue scale (VAS), and scores from the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and goniometer; respectively. After the first injection, the patient reported 60% improvement regarding diurnal shoulder pain, and no night pains. Also, two-fold improvement for ROM and more than 70% improvement for function were reported. This study suggests the use of platelet-rich plasma in frozen shoulder to be tested in randomized trials.

    Keywords: Disability, Frozen shoulder, Pain, Platelet, Rich Plasma, Range of motion