فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 20 (پاییز 1394)

Depressionis one of the most important kinds of affective disorders and has been presented as the first weakening factor in humanity society that its high prevalence and complex nature has made necessary it to use new treatments. Considering that pharmacotherapy is often used in depression treatment, the present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of systematic motivational counseling and comparison it with pharmacotherapy. This research conducted with pretest- posttest plan with control group. The sample of this experimental study was consisted of 30 dysthymic female patients referred to psychological clinic in university of Firdausi Mashhad during 9 months in 2011 that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (10 patients per group), one experimental group for systematic motivational counseling with pharmacotherapy, one for mere pharmacotherapy and one group for control group. Collecting data instruments were consisted of Beck Depression Inventory and Personal Concerns Inventory. In order to analysis the data; descriptive statistics and covariance analysis in inferential statistics surface had been used. The results of covariance analysis after adjusting the pretest scores showed thatthere is a meaningful differences between posttest scores of two groups (p<0/05). Investigation of adjusted means is indicator for efficacy of systematic motivational counseling with pharmacotherapymore thanmere pharmacotherapyandtwo experimental groups in comparison of control group had more decrease in depression symptoms. According to the results of this research systematic motivational counseling with pharmacotherapyis more effective thanmerepharmacotherapy in the treatment ofdysthymic patients.

Dream as divine gift always has been regarded by scholars and trying to make meaning and exploring its dimensions still continues. The aim of this study construct and determine of the factor structure and reliability content analysis of manifest dream questionnaire in students of Arak university (MDQ.AU) in the year of 2013. For this purpose, first were analyzed contents of 5688 reported students dreams, 73 items 5-choice with Likert scoring method and an open-ended questions was designed. Face and content validity of the items and components of the proposed amendment was reviewed by experts. Questionnaire with a stratified random sampling proportional to size was carried out on 1084 students of Arak university. Validity of the questionnaire using factor analysis with rotational varimax method was explored. It is based on 10 factors were extracted in two steps. These factors, accordng to the theoretical research and content questions located on factors and experts consider, dream''s subtitle with content of nature, nightmare, relationship, religious, animals, disease and death, Physiological needs, flashbacks, manifest dreams and future- problem solving was named. Also the reliability of the questionnaire by the method of internal consistency using Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was calculated. Based on the results, Alpha coefficients of ten factors was satisfactory. The smallest alpha coefficients belonging to the ninth factor (lucid dream) and the tenth factor (future - problem Solving) equal to 0.601, each with 3 items, and the biggest alpha coefficients belonging to the first factor (nature) equal to 0.871 and with 11 items. Reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94 that is appropriate. The final questionnaire with 70 closed-response items and one open-response items will be accepted. According to the results of this research, MDQ.AU questionnaire has necessary conditions for use of content analysis of students'' manifest dreams.

The aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of cartoon therapy on relationship improvement between mother and child due to mother type A, B by quasi-experiment. First, the sample, 70 mothers who have common characteristics, have at least 1 child 3-12 years old and in region 22 in Tehran city, filled out questionnaire of types A and B, assessment scale of relationship between mother and child in pretest. Thus, giving kind of type A and B, they divided group that each group divided experiment and witness again. Experiment groups took part in 8 sessions of cartoon therapy (2 hours) and in the last training, they filled out questionnaires of types A and B of assessment scale of relationship between mother and child in post-test. The results of T-test after examining grades showed that cartoon therapy has a meanningful effect on relationship improvement between mother and child. In the other hand, the kind of mother’s type (A, B) doesn’t has meaningful effect on increasing and decreasing relationship between mother and child.

obsessive- compulsive disorder is one of the serious complications of psychological health and imposes huge economic and social expenditures annually on society and its disabling symptoms impair the individual's interpersonal function, job and life. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognitive beliefs and rumination in female university students. This was an experimental study (pre-test& post-test –follow-up with control group plan). By applying simple random sampling method, out of 338 female students with age range 20-29 by Maudsley Obsessive­­-Compulsive inventory(MOCI), Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30) & Rumination Responses Scale (RRS) and the eligible individuals diagnostic interview (with Obsessive­­-Compulsive diagnostic cut-off score) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected and randomly put in the experiment and control groups (8 for each group). The experiment group received 8 sessions of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy while the control group had no special treatment. Two months after the treatment was over, follow-up was executed subject in both groups before and after the intervention, and two-month follow-up questionnaire, MOCI, MCQ-30, RRS completed. Analyzing data, descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis test have been employed. The results of covariance test showed a meaningful difference (p<0.005) in the two groups (control &experiment), in terms of Obsessive-compulsive, metacognitive beliefs & rumination scores. Regarding the mentioned findings, it can be concluded that group mindfulness based cognitive therapy is effective in decreasing obsessive­­- compulsive, metacognitive beliefs & rumination of the girl students with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the therapeutic changes created almost remained stable after two-month follow-up.

There is a few research that have examined on neuropsychological ­deficits in Obsessive Compulsive Personality disorder (OCPD). In addition, neuropsychological disfunction ­can also be in relationship with obsessive compulsive personality symptoms. OCPD symptoms like rigid bounds to rules, can be compensation for cognitive deficits, and in other hand, considering the relation between OCPD and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and regarding neuropsychological functions pattern in OCD, It is hypothesized that patients with OCPD also showed deficits in neuropsychological assessments. So ­neuropsychological profile of patients with OCPD and OCD have been compared with control healthy participants. In the present study, a neuropsychological test battery was administered to patients with OCPD, OCD and control healthy participants. Results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that there is a significant difference in neuropsycological assessments of cognitive flexibility, problem solving and working memory between patients with OCPD and OCD. Our results suggest that OCD and OCPD patients have cognitive impairment in cognitive flexibility, problem solving and working memory. However impairment pattern was differed between OCD and OCPD patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on improving the quality of life and reducing impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder type I was. This quasi-experimental study using pre-test and post-test approach with control group. The population of this study, and all of men with bipolar disorder, a psychiatric clinic and hospital psychiatric ward of Imam Reza in Khorramabad up in 2014. Using purposeful sampling, by referring neurologist, 40 patients with Bipolar I Disorder, Of the 50 admitted to the psychiatric clinic and hospital psychiatric ward of Imam Reza, with regard to admission to the study, in the first place, and clinical interview based on DSM-IV were selected. That is, the men referred to those who score higher than (T >80) on a scale of hypomania were MMPI-2 test according to the DSM-5 criteria Clinical Interview, for axis I disorders sampling method selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups(20 cases and 20 controls). Collecting data, structured clinical interview, scale quality of life (SF-36) and the Barratt Impulsiveness scale were used. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that training dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and impulsivity symptoms significantly reduce quality of life increases (p<0/001). According to the findings of this research skills dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), by providing the ability to understand their relations with others can reduce impulsive behavior and improve the quality of life in patients with bipolar and use of this therapy for people with bipolar disorder in the community is recommended.

Losing a beloved person with whom one is deeply involved is like falling into an abyss of infinity leading to an undesirable feeling which in turn may cause mourning. The grief reactions differ from person to person depending on the circumstances of the occurred calamities, religious, social and cultural beliefs and in general the perceived meaning of the death for the bereaved. Adolescents are one of the vulnerable groups in facing the loss. Belongingness during adolescence is of an essence, as the adolescent seeks to shape ego identity in oneself. The grief process may nullify the personal assumptions regarding the world (spiritual assimilation), relations with others, and personal identity (inner world). Hence, it is indispensable to provide interventions for healing the wounds stemming from the loss. Among various approaches, play therapy is one of the best treatments for grief in the juveniles. Play therapy is the process of making conscious and verbalization of the unconscious and the nonverbal issues. Sand tray therapy is a sort of play therapy which provides people an opportunity to express themselves in a creative and nonverbal way. Currently this kind of therapy is considered as an effective method to work with children and adolescents. However, despite the high rate of mortality in Iran, there is not enough research conducted in this regard. In light of the great significance of cultural differences in the resolution of grief, it is essential to evaluate a variety of theories effective in resolving this process in order to construct a custom-made protocol for sand tray therapy in Iranian population. Subsequently, 25 volunteers, who had lost one of their close relatives between the previous two months to two years, were selected through convenient sampling as the subjects of the study; they completed the Grief Experience Inventory, Adjective Check List, and two researcher made questionnaires named Life Story and Dream Memo Questioners. Ultimately, a protocol to induce reduction of the severity of grief experience was developed via collecting data from the questionnaires (descriptive and inferential statistics) and the theories relevant to the resolution of the grief process.

This research aims to dtermine Structural Model of Emotion regulation and symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in students. for this aim, 462 students of Shiraz University (223 female, 241 male) were selected using stratified random sampling as statistical sample. This participant responded to Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-IV (GADQ-IV). Data analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). results of SEM showed that among difficulties in emotional regulation, limited access to emotional regulation strategies effect on symptoms of GAD directly and indirectly, with mediating of worry. Also, these results indicate that difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors can only effect directly on symptoms of GAD. in general, these results show that emotional regulation components can affect symptoms of GAD in general population, so that increasing difficulties in emotional regulation due to increasing worry and symptoms of GAD.

The goal of this study was to investigating the effect of collaborative mother-child play training on attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in male school students of Isfahan thus, in a quasi-experimental design with a control group and pretest – post test & follow up assessment, 32 male student, with high scores in behavioral disorders selected and assigned randomly in experimental and control group (n1=n2=16). experimental group received an eight-sessions a weekly basis with the participation of mothers and playing with the children. While the control group received no intervention and remain in waiting list. two groups were evaluated by parent form of child symptoms check list(CSI-4). the results of the analysis of covariance showed that intervention with mother-child playing reduces the57.9% symptoms of attention deficit, 28.2% of hyperactivity symptoms and can reduce 55% reduction of the composite of symptoms This disorder in post test (p<0.05).in addition, this intervention reduced 54.2 % attention deficit symptoms, 22.5% hyperactivity symptoms and 58.1% symptoms of the composite type’s in follow up(p<0.05). based on these findings, it can be concluded the mother-child playing is suitable to reduce symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder effective and with this empirical practical interment can reduce severity of attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms. this model can improve mother child relation can prevent in convert ADHD and other childhood behavioral disorders