دو ماهنامه سلامت کار ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 6 (بهمن و اسفند 1394)

In manual assembly industries، productivity could increase by scientific study، correct and accurate identification of activities and the time required for implementing each activity - with respect to the health، safety and human wellbeing. Although the positive effect of engineering interventions on the efficiency of production is evident، but its impact on the productivity of labor is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of assembly lines redesign based on the engineering techniques on the productivity and ergonomic factors such as musculoskeletal disorders، working posture and fatigue. This study was carried out in hob gas assembly plant with 30 men worker. Work-study (Method study: Flow Diagrams and Flow Process Chart Motion &Time study: MTM-1) as engineering techniques and Body Map questionnaire، REBA analysis and MFI questionnaire as ergonomics analysis were applied. According to the engineering techniques (Work Study)، interventions implemented in order to improve assembly process. After 12 weeks، work-study and ergonomics analysis carried out again to determine the effectiveness of the redesign on productivity and ergonomic factors. Redesign led to reduce activities time to 8. 8 minute and productivity increased 21%. After redesign، prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal disorders increased in the most parts of the body. Nevertheless، no improvements found in working postures and total fatigue. Although productivity increased by engineering techniques، but these interventions could result in more exposure of operators to musculoskeletal disorders. In designing assembly lines، routine engineering methods are better to applied together with ergonomic design principles.

Attention to safety of process plants adjacent residential area, especially in the big cities is extremely importance from the perspective of the safety engineering and risk management. This study was carried out whit the aims of identification of hazard points of explosion in Town Border Station (TBS) and qualitative and quantitative analysis of their occurrence causes and estimation of leak probability in this station. Hazard points of the explosion and qualitative analysis of the failures conducted by means of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. Occurrence probability of related accidents was estimated by means of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. To determine of the basic event occurrence probability of the fault tree used form the expert opinions and the related data banks. Hazard points identified of the explosion in the TBS stations were ten. A total of 67 failures in gas leak of the Sensing that had highest the Risk Priority Number (RPN=24) were identified. Also Earth System of the Station had the lowest the Risk Priority Number (RPN=4). The results show that the leak probability of the Sensing was equal to 0.52 per year. Process failure (FP =0.334) and Mechanical failure had the highest and the lowest failure probability of the Sensing gas leakage. Prevention and control of the Sensing gas leak and the prevention both of the occurrence process failures and unsafe behavioral had considerable importance in the explosion risk reduction of TBS.

The importance of clinical laboratories work and test results is clearly related with the community health. This study aimed to evaluate the variety and rate of Pre and Post-Analytical errors among reception staff in clinical laboratories of governmental, private and military hospitals. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 183 of reception staff of clinical laboratories in governmental, private and military hospitals from Tehran and Tabriz Cities were enrolled. The required data was collected using a self-designed specific form (voluntary human error reporting Form). At first, the CTA (Cognitive Task analysis) method was used to elicit the cognitive task demands and identify the probable human errors. The data collection form was designed based on the obtained results and distributed in study population. After 6 months, the fulfilled forms were collected and the reported data were analyzed using some statistical tests such as chi-square.. According to the results, the study population was young (mean age 33.86 ± 6.92 years) with a relatively low experience (7.75± 6.72 years). 14 various human errors were identified in studied tasks via CTA method. The 93% of subjects reported at least one error during study period and a total of 1188 errors were reported by individuals. The error report rate in pre and post- analytical phases were 57.4% and 42.6%, respectively. Because of the relatively high variety and rate of reported errors and also, the importance of laboratory errors in the medical diagnosis and treatment, it is necessitate to record, analysis and control of human errors in medical laboratory tasks.

Critical infrastructures are the most important sectors in nation security, public safety, socioeconomic security and environment in the world. Such incidents make people, environment and industries harmed. The occurrence of accidents is common in the basic infrastructure of all countries in the world. Building industry is inherently facing many problems and ambiguities. Thus comparison among the events of construction industry and other industries in Iran is higher. The aim of this research is prioritization indicators of health and safety in the small and large construction industry. indexes are considered as The main body of the risk management system for all areas of activity. At the first, The indicators will be selected by experts from a list of detailed performance indicators, Then, these indicators according to key indicators of evaluating the performance of health and safety in the construction industry will be weighted and finally ranked and modeled with the SMART(Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic Timeable) criteria, by using fuzzy TOPSIS method. The results obtained from the analysis of fuzzy-TOPSIS based on determining the priority of safety-health indicators in both small and large groups of buildings, will Represent a different range of the 28-fold indicators priority. Safety of adjacent structures and using of PPE in small buildings up to six-floors, have the high close rate. While the noise, safety scaffolding, excavation and trucks for reasons of height and vertical spread of structures in the large and over 6 floors buildings have the important priorities. Prioritize safety and health indicators based on Fuzzy TOPSIS method with SMART criteria can be applied as a method of health professionals in the engineering field.

Occupational accidents have usually associated directly or indirectly with unsafe acts, as well as various personal and occupational factors have a role in the creation of unsafe behaviors. In one hand, personal and occupational characteristics of the employees who experience occupational accidents may differ from the employees who did not experience such events. The required data for this cross-sectional study gathered from 200 employees who worked in tar paper manufacturing companies of Delijan using questionnaire that included demographic, occupational accident experience, information about safety and occupational accidents, and safety behavior. Then, the relation between different variables assessed. The findings of this study showed that 35 % of the participants had experienced at least one occupational accident in the past. The employees who experienced occupational accidents had a lower awareness about safety rules (P < 0.01), and a lower usage of personal protective equipment (P < 0.05) than the employees who did not experience occupational accidents. The attitude of the employees who did not experience occupational accidents to accident prevention was also better than the employees who experienced occupational accidents (P < 0.05). Results of this study revealed that experience of occupational accident by employees does not have a positive effect on increasing the employee’s awareness about safety and accident prevention, as well as it does not induce an augment in safety behaviors of them.

Musculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent occupational injuries and disability in the world. One of the most important risk factors of these disorders is awkward posture. Previous studies reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in medical laboratory personnel. This study was carried out to determine Prevalence and postural risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders among medical laboratory personnel in Kashan in 2012. This cross-sectional study was carried on 168 clinical laboratories staff in Kashan. Standard Cornell questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and quick exposure check (QEC) method was used for analyzing posture. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and logistic regression analysis. 155 of these personnel (92.3 percent) suffer from pain and have disorder at least 1-2 times per week. The incidence of neck disorders is more than other limbs. There is no significant deference between musculoskeletal disorders with age and sex. Only 47 percent of the participants in the overall level of risk have acceptable posture. There is significant relationship between prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and awkward posture. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in clinical laboratories staff is high. Awkward posture is one of the main causes of the disorders and ergonomics interventions for improvement of work station in medical laboratory is essential.

The relationship between health related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychosocial factors have not been investigated among Iranian industrial workers. The present study is designed to assess these relationships among the workers from a cosmetic factories Yasuj city. This cross-sectional study was designed on 167 workers of factory. Psychosocial factors and health related quality of life were measured by the Persian versions of Job Content Questionnaire (P-JCQ) and the Persian version of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (P-WHOQOL-BREF). An author-developed measure was used to assess socio-demographic, health, and work-related factors. Means (SDs) for physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental domains of HRQOL were: 13.4 (2.9) 13.8 (2.7) 14.5 (3.5) and 13.1 (2.4), respectively. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that supervisor supports, sleep quality and working schedule factors were significant predictors of domains of HRQOL. To improve the worker’s HRQOL, intervention programs should focus on promoting social supports, sleep quality, regular exercise, no smoking and controlling hazardous work environment.

Work environment illumination affects on productivity, accidents, and worker's physical and mental health. Therefore, illumination evaluation and determine workstations which need light modification could be helpful to develop worker's health and safety. This study was performed in one of the biggest company in Zanjan province to evaluate illumination depending on GIS. According to IES, the sensor of testo 545 luxmeter was put in height of 30 inches (76 cm) from the floor of the shop. Then total, natural and artificial illuminations were measured in center of each station in lux. These data were entered into Arcview software as input data for analyzing. Thus the quantities of illumination and the area coverage percent and isolux curves for each of those stations were obtained. The results showed that illumination in this shop is desirable. In which, the coverage of total, natural and artificial illumination were 99, 5 and 70 percent, respectively. Therefore, the artificial illumination will be improved by minor modification. This study showed the usefulness of application of GIS method in evaluating of workplace illumination. The method could be useful to determine the exact point in workplace which needs modifications and decreases costs.

The attitude of hospital workers toward safety culture in working domain has a direct effect on safe quality of care services to patients. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was studying the safety attitudes of the nurses of CCU in the educational and non-educational hospitals of Ahvaz and comparing them to each other.The cross-sectional study was performed for 75 volunteer nurses of CCU. The data was collected through a modified Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) relating to the CCU wards. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire obtained from other studies. The data on six safety dimensions include teamwork climate, job satisfaction perception of management, safety climate, working condition, and stress recognition were scaled and scored for positive and negative questions separately using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses of the means were conducted using SPSS 16 Anova and pearson correlation at a significance level of P< 0.05.the results showed that the scores average of safety attitude in the 6 parts, i.e., teamwork climate, job satisfaction, perception of management, safety climate, working condition, and stress recognition was 68.37, 55.26, 52.11, 48.46, 57.04, and 57.09 for the nurses of the educational hospitals, and 75.41, 65.14, 59.59, 54.32,57.63, and 68.73, for the nurses of the non-educational hospitals, respectively. The results also showed the significant difference in teamwork climate between the two kinds of hospitals (sig=0.026). In addition, an interstitial difference was recognized in the management understanding of the two kinds of hospitals (sig=0.059). In recognition of stress, difference between the two types of hospitals was also completely significant (sig= 0.0001). Managing and trying to increase mutual understanding, and also paying attention and planning to improve effective factors of nurse's job satisfaction, especially for the female nurses in educational hospitals, can be very effective in their safety attitude and safety culture improvement in working climate.

According to the International Labour Organization, 17% of fatal accidents occur in construction projects and development Workshop. While this number in Iran according to the Labor Department is 46%. In developing Asian countries that are in the process of rapid industrialization occupational accidents is rising. Due to the economic difficulties caused by the sanctions and the poor production in the country, the attention and cost of the HSE course is certainly facing many problems that this is a restriction to the health and safety of their work force in the construction project that mutually accidents and unhealthy forces leading to lower economic growth rate of oil and gas projects and ultimately reduce the rate of economic growth in the country. Hence, the purpose of this research was conducted in an active project in the field of refinery construction, the investigation on effects of development and improvement factors of performance of safety-economy on average working lost days that results of this evaluation leads to corrects for the attribution of related budget of HSE and reduction of cost in an active company in the construction of refineries. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between economic indices and performance indices compared to the average working lost days and the relationship between these indices in a refinery construction project over 5 years by using the Pearson test and SPSS software. The results of analysis showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the average working lost days within economic indices with the ratio cost of mental events to the total cost of project.(P value <0.001). In addition, there is a significant and negative correlation with the ratio of per capita expenditure of personal protective equipment to the per capita project expenditure (p value <0.05). With analysis of the results was determined that no cost of personal protective canbe cause accident such as disability or deceased and causes disorders workshop process. Furthermore, these events indicators FSR, ISR, IFR increase the ratio cost of spent resources incurred to comply with health and safety work to the total reality cost and the ratio cost of individual events to the total cost of the project and leads to the average number of working lost days. Therefore, perception of relation between safety performance and economic indices in construction projects and equipping employee's to standard personal protective equipment and enough training about observance of principles and rules of HSE can reduce accident and finally decrease average of last working days.