پژوهش نامه تاریخ
پیاپی 27 (تابستان 1391)

Khorasan was associated with relative quiet at half-century of taherian governance. by crash of this rule and neyshaboor occupation by yaaghoob make khorasan cities irregular and confused for few decades. advent of new claimant that each one intraduce self as taheri governance deputyship, was only for power acquisition and inheritance of taherian governance ahmad ibn Abdullah khajastani was of well known last commander of amir taheri, that serve to yaaghoob and by yaaghoob departure to sistan, introduce himself as taherian deputy ship. he fight once again with his competitors for self influence development in khorasan. successive conflicts abutalheh with khajastani and also mediation of hossein in taher, last survivor of taherian rule make irregular and confused conditions in khrasan. Efforts of any cliament for attracting attention of khorasans people and particularly neyshaboorian was only in security of their deputyship right in side of taherian. undoubted, good history of taherian governmentalism had such claims in side of khajestani. He called himself ahmad ibn Abdullah taheri for hearts attraction of khorasans people. But he canceled taherian name by extending his influence and mint self name undoubted, such approach extent claimants conflicts and finally lead to khajestani murder.

Iranian Shia commanders of Buveyhid was able to overcome the Abbasid caliphates of Baghdad more than a century. and they perform worthy services of the social, cultural and Intellectual in Iran and Iraq, and also provided Appropriate space for religious and academic activities of Shiites. at this time the great Shiite scholars such as Sheikh Mufid, Sheikh Sadough and seyed Mortazi were engaged in teaching. - In this paper, interactions governors Buveyhid with one of the largest Shiite scholars Sheikh Mufid' was studied, This study shows that on the one hand Sheikh as famous Shia scholar by holding discussant sessions, writing many books and educating students attempted for dynamics of Shiite jurisprudence and theology. On the other hand Depending on the time of He had a limited relationship and interaction with the rulers (They were a Shiite tendencies) he was in great standing with the some commanders of Buveyhid sucha zdaldvlh. But at the same time, sheikh mufid In the second half of his life,(Which coincides with weakness of Buveyhid Rulers and Abbasid power reorientation, and thus weaken the position of the Shiites) exiled Thrice following shia- sunni conflict.

Imaam Quli Khan (1613-1632), son of Allah Verdi Khan,was was one of the great men of Safavid Dynesty. He is first mention as governor of Lar in Fars in 1610. He succeeded his fader ss governor of Fars in 1613. BBeing in charge of the Safavids southern possesstions,Imam Quli Khan continued his Father,s policy of underminini the Portuguese position in The Persian Gulf. After the death of Abbas,the great king of Safavids,Imam Quli Khan found himself in disagreement with new favorites of Shah Safi, Abbas,s successor to the throne of Persia,and became marginalized, until he and his family were put to death at Safi,s orders and vast possessions converted into the crown domain in Khan was erected in 1633. Imam Quli Khan built a many places in Shiraz that the still many of them

Religiously, Iran in the Achaemenid period had Religious tolerance was manifested. At that time massacre and destruction were Assyrian kings honor, Achaemenid kings presented friendship and attention to human, to world, what related to their beliefs. Achaemenid inscription have explained events more, but they have not paid attention to common ordinary ceremonies and believe of Iranian and Achaemenid western satraps. So whit researches based on survey of historical sources and reports of ancient historian, the Zoroastrian position would be clarified among Achaemenid and their western satraps approximately. The findings of researches shows western satraps worshiped three essential Gods of the Avesta, Ahuramazda, Nāhīd and Mehr for the reason of being in harmony with their past Gods, having with political power and religious for bearance. Achaemenid religion has been studied by scholars in religion and history of Ancient Iran in plenty, but it has paid the fewer attention to the analysis of religious Position of western satraps in viewpoint of zoroastrian. This article dose research about religious system of the Achaemenid Empire with laying emphasis on Zoroastrian and its position in western satraps. In this way. It has been used of documents, remained sources and historical research methodology.

The etiquette and manner as the part of cultural heritage, number the branch of historical identify that nation by holding help their national and religious indentify. They not only dont desist their beliefs but also transfer national and religious customs to future generation in during political and social evolution. The national and religious holidays as part of etiquette and manner is event and incident important historical illustrative, career values, beliefs, wishes, and ideals that in during history. They celebrate holidays in during history but ruler and government had different approach. In the second period of the abbasi caliphate (232-552 AD.AH), the holidays celebration manner is important and searchable issue. The survey show at all time nation have been held holidays but despite the limitation for religious minorities ruler favorers celebration in this paper

In this article we tried to say: the Beihaghi history, beyond the colloquial sense about the history book, in fact is an expressive moral, social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports, newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical story and its a history of another kind. This article is ful of rhetoric and is a mirror of Beihaghi period. The Beihaghis excellent and quasi-cinematic descriptions is a place for contemplation. One of the most efficient and dramatic descriptions in Beihaghi history appears on «the gallows of Hasanak.» Beihaghi is awar of his moral duty, and his work is like an ethical book and his language is a courteous language, he does not use of discourteous words and makes decorous and trim sentences, the length and width he has given to his work, has broken the narrow frame of history and led his work to the realm of literature and novels. Beihaghi, with ambition, assiduity and patience in observing and recording the details and displaying the events and characterization and writing the dialogues and creating a sense of suspense in the audience, could write the first Persian historical novel with most central element, namely characterization.

Islam has a particular social, economic and cultural system which contains special rules and regulations for all aspects of individual and social life and it does not accept anything apart from that for the welfare of society.These systems are based on the vision and a particular values and their aim would be preparing the base for achieving human to worldly and otherworldly happiness.This paper aims to identify, evaluate and analyze the components and the main entities of the economic system which includes the government and the market. Analysis of features and functions of Islamic government and market in the era of the Prophet and his practical model have had an important place in the history of Islam and Muslims which have been less addressed.Prophet Mohammad was the first founder of Islamic state and one of the drastic measures of the Messenger of Allah in economic field was the establishment and remaking markets that was mostly in authority of Medina’s Jews. In point of view of the Prophet reforming the market system, consideration to the merchant’s issues and encountering with perpetrators decisively, giving attention to the investment community and deploying them with an efficient management in building lands and development of productions and also paying attention to original attempt and tolerating of difficulties can be useful in destroying poverty and inequality of society. In addition the Islamic state is naturally responsible for directing and monitoring the Market.

Cabinets that have reigned after Mashrute revolution faced with several problems for different reasons, such that 51 cabinets have reigned during 14 years and one in 3 months were average changes of period that indicates no good situation in early Mashrute. Several internal and external factors played role in these crisises. From external point of view, direct and unlimited involvements of colonical governments including Russia and England in all the internal issues of Iran and determining their intended prim minister in order to fulfill their profits and wants, practically, made cabinets as part of instruments of colonial authorship in Iran. Nevertheless, it should be mentioned to the internal factors like the first experience of Mashrute and parliamentary authorship, personal and familian ego- centrism, groupism, preference of private advantages to the public and disturbance as aresult, different classes and groups became pessimistic toward structure and performance of Mashrute system and prepar objective and subjective substract for emergence of a dictator. Finally Rezakhan could end the event flow infavor of himself relying on internal and external factors and partially personal abilities. In this article, it is attempted to examine internal and external crisises in Iranian Cabinets since Mashrute revolution in 1285 solar calendar to coupdetat of 3rd of Esfand in 1299 of solar calendar.the methodology is descriptive – analytic and based on library and archive method.