فصلنامه شخصیت و تفاوت های فردی
سال چهارم شماره 8 (تابستان 1394)

Negative affect and social inhibition, as the main components of type D personality, have been introduced as one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Severity of the disease might be influenced by anger rumination as well. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of anger rumination on the relationship between negative affect and social inhibition with severity of coronary artery stenosis. Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. A total of 200 patients with coronary artery disease (112 men, 88 women) participated in this study. The patients were asked to complete the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS; Sukhodolsky, Golub, & Cromwell, 2001) and Type D Personality Scale (DS14; Denollet, 1998, 2005). The results demonstrated that anger rumination, negative affect, and social inhibition had a meaningful association with severity of coronary artery stenosis (p <. 01). Based on these results, the effect of social inhibition on severity of coronary artery stenosis, the effect of social inhibition on anger rumination, and the effect of negative affect on anger rumination are statistically meaningful. The results of path analysis also showed that the relationship between negative affect and social inhibition with severity of coronary artery stenosis is mediated by anger rumination. It can be concluded that characteristics of type D personality influence severity of coronary artery stenosis through anger rumination.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis on cognitive flexibility and family functioning in women with marital disputes. The method was experimental (pretest - posttest with control group) and statistical population of the study included all the women with marital disputes referring to counseling centers in Shahrekord City at 2014. Using random sampling, 40 women were selected and then using random assignment were divided into experimental and control groups (n=20). The experimental group received eight sessions of transactional analysis training> Finally the participants in both groups were asked to complete Family Assessment Device (Epstein, Baldwin, Bishop, 1983) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis, Vander ¬Wal, 2009). Data were analyzed by covariance analysis. The result showed significant differences between posttest scores of experiment and control groups in cognitive flexibility and most of family functions, namely; problem solving, roles, affective, responsiveness, affective involvement, behavioral control, and general functioning (p<0.05) but the difference in the function of communication was not significant. By attention to the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on family functions and cognitive flexibility, encouraging couples to take part in transactional analysis training workshops could reduce the rate of marital dissatisfaction and improve other aspects of couples’ lives.

This study aimed to prepare and evaluate the reliability and validity of intellectual personality scale of university students in three steps. At the first step, the sources and theories of personality, thinking, personality traits, and factors affecting growth, personality and critical thinking were studied, and some ideas extracted from the resources. As the second step, to evaluate the prepared statements indicating to intellectual personality, a preliminary exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 725 students from various disciplines at universities. In the third stage, factor analysis was done again on 403 students with intellectual personality scale second edition (57 items). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for initial confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors have been observed in initial study with data from second study were examined. Structural equation modeling results are consistent with intellectual personality of four latent variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) for initial confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Confirmatory factor analysis showed Chi-square (χ2) = 1446.34 with significant level, P ≤ 0.001, coefficient index, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) equal to 0.06, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.89, goodness of fit (GFI) is equal to. 0. 90, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = 0.86 and normalized fit index (NFI) was equal to. 0.79 that is a good fitness model. After modifying model based on a factor analysis, 40 items with 4 factors were remained and the results showed that final form of intellectual personality questionnaire had internal validity and good fitness.

The aim of this study was to compare personality characters such as temperament, extroversion, sensation seeking, achievement motivation, and locus of control among university students of Iranian ethnicities. To carry out this causal - comparative research, a sample of 226 university students were selected randomly from four cities with Turkish, Persian, Kurdish and Lorry dialect. The participants were asked to complete temperament (Buss and Pellamin, 1984), brief extroversion scale of five big factors (McCrae and costa, 1992), sensation seeking (Zukerman, 1969), achievement motivation (Edvardz, 1953) and locus of control (Nowicki and Strickland, 1973) questioners. The results of MANOVA showed that there is significant differences among university students of ethnics in extroversion and locus of control (P<. 05), but there is no significant differences among university students of ethnicities in sensation seeking, temperament and achievement motivation (P>. 05). The results post hoc LSD test showed that Lor ethnicity students got higher scores in extroversion and external locus of control, but Persian ethnicity students got lowest scores in external locus of control. Furthermore, the results revealed that male students got higher scores in sensation seeking and achievement motivation (P<. 01). Regarding with the results of the current study, we can conclude that there are some differences between some personality characters of university students from different Iranian ethnicities.

This research aims to predict the adolescence' religiosity by the parents’ religiosity and family communication patterns in middle and high school students. Statistical populations were all high and middle school girls and boys of Shiraz city. Participants were 382 (160 girls and 222 boys) who were selected via clustered random sampling and were asked to complete the Glock and Stark’s religiosity questionnaire, The revised questionnaire of family communication patterns(Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002) and the adolescent’s religiosity questionnaire that designed by researcher. The data was analyzed by hierarchy regression. Result showed that mother and fathers’ religiosity positively predict adolescent’s religiosity; family communication patterns of conversation predict adolescent’s religiosity positively. The results also revealed that although conformity family communication pattern couldn’t predict many of the dimensions of adolescent’s religiosity, but it can predict some of dimensions negatively. The interaction of fathers’ religiosity and conversation family communication pattern was the positive predictor of some dimensions of adolescent’s religiosity, and the interaction of mothers’ religiosity and conformity family communication pattern was the negative predictor of some dimensions of adolescent’s religiosity. In total all three hypothetic were proved and the finding was discussed in line with current research and some suggestions were presented for future research.

One of the most difficult issues that people face in terms of the types of decisions. Humans have with their decision to deal with many of life's crises. The aim of the present research was to relationship between individual deference in decision making styles and social adjustment in students. This is a correlation study. The research sample consisted of 250 female students who were selected through stage random sampling method. Data collected from the questionnaires decision making styles questionnaire (DMSQ; Scott & Bruce, 1995) and social adjustment (Bell, 1961) were used. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analysis the data. The results indicated that, there are signification correlation between Rational, Intuitive and Avoidant decision making styles in the social adjustment of students. The result of enter multiple regression showed that Rational decision making style was the strongest predictor of social adjustment of students. This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of students.

Meanwhile most of people recognize their gender identity when they are child, but some of them show the desirers and behaviors of the opposite sex. The current study was aimed to have a comparative investigation into the defense styles and mechanisms of gender dysphoric patients with normal people. Among the gender dysphoric patients who were referred to Navidbakhsh clinic of Isfahan during the years 2014 and 2015, 33 patients were selected randomly. The clinical patients and 33 normal people, who were selected randomly as well, were asked to complete the defensive styles questionnaire (Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993). The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis. The results showed significant difference between people whit gender dysphoria and normal people about defensive mechanism. Gender dysphoric patients, in compare with the normal people, were using more immature and neurotic defensive style, but less mature defensive style. Regarding with the above mentioned results about gender dysphoric patients, they seem to need Psychodynamic and Psychoanalytic psychotherapy rather than other psychological methods of treatment.

Job satisfaction among employees is an indicator of organizational effectiveness, and is influenced by organizational and dispositional factors. This study has been conducted in order to study the relationship between personality dimensions and general self-efficacy with job satisfaction. The study was correlational descriptive. Using Simple random sampling method, 126 employees of Razi University were selected and were asked to complete The NEO (Costa & McCrae, 1985), General Self-efficacy (GSE) (Sherer& et al, 1982) and Job Satisfaction (Researcher-Made Questionnaire, 2014) scales. data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. The results of research revealed negative significant correlation between neuroticism with job satisfaction. The results also showed positive significant correlation between general self-efficacy with job satisfaction. According to the results, general self-efficacy is the most effective factor in increasing job satisfaction, so this important fact should be considered very carefully in selecting staff for the organizations.