فصلنامه مطالعات و پژوهش های شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 27 (زمستان 1394)

A composite indicator refers to an index derived from some specific individual indicators for measuring the aggregated performance of a multi-dimensional issue. A major problem for constructing the composite indicator of development is the determination of an appropriate aggregating method to combine multi-dimensional development indicators into an overall index. Therefore, strongly, the usefulness of a composite indicator depends heavily on the underlying construction scheme. Construction on a composite indicator involves the definition of study scope, selection of underlying variables, data collection and preprocessing, data weighting and aggregation, and post analysis of the composite indicator derived, among which data weighting and aggregation has been an interesting but controversial topic (Esty et al. 2005). At the stage of data (weighting and) aggregation, there are two major families of operations research methods, namely data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA), which have recently received much attention in composite indicator construction (Zhou and Ang 2008). While there are a large number of alternative methods for constructing composite indicator, none could be regarded as a ‘super method’ suitable for all cases. As a result, researchers have developed a large number of criteria, such as theoretical foundation, understandability, ease of use and validity, which are helpful to analysts for the selection of an appropriate method for constructing composite indicator. Zhou et al. (2006) introduced a novel criterion ‘‘information loss’’ and developed an objective measure called the Shannon-Spearman measure (SSM) for comparing aggregation methods in constructing composite indicator. This research investigates the effectiveness of the Shannon-Spearman measure (Zhou and Ang, 2009) and compares several popular methods in constructing composite indicator. This research aimed to compare aggregating methods for constructing the composite index of regional development. There are many criteria for comparing aggregating methods of composite indicator. Based on the information loss concept this research was used the Shannon-Spearman measure (SSM), Spearman correlation coefficient and Coefficient of Variation (CV) to compare alternative aggregation methods in constructing composite indicator. Using the proposed measure, five popular methods in constructing composite indicator (SAW, TOPSIS, revised PCA, Taxonomy and revised Optimum Deviation) are evaluated and compared through an empirical study based on information from 17 indicators of economic development for 31 Iranian provinces. To collect data, census of 20011 and yearbook in different time was used. Since different sub-indicators are likely to have different measurement units, normalization is usually done before data aggregation. Weight of individual indicators exploited from Antropy-Shanon and PCA techniques. The five aggregations methods are applied to the 31 Iranian provinces based on 17 individual economic indicators. Results demonstrated that different aggregation methods tend to give different composite indicator and even different ranking orders. However Tehran, Khozestan, Esfahan and Razavi Khorasan are considered by almost most the aggregation methods as better performers in economic development. Moreover North and South Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Lorestan, Ardabil and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari are ranked in least position by almost most the aggregation methods. We shall apply the Shannon-Spearman measure to evaluate the five alternative methods in constructing composite indicator in a more comprehensive way. Results of calculated the Shannon-Spearman measure revealed that TOPSIS method has the smallest value while the Taxonomy and Optimum Deviation method have the largest the Shannon-Spearman measure value. This indicates that the TOPSIS method is the most appropriate with regards to the information loss criterion. In contrast, the Taxonomy and Optimum Deviation method may not be a good choice because it often results in the maximum loss of information. It is also found that except TOPSIS, other four methods are highly correlated with each other. This indicates that different methods are complementary to each other. Based on information from five composite indicator development level of province were classified through cluster analysis. The spatial pattern is divided into six clusters: Tehran (cluster 1-1), Khozestan (cluster 1-2), Esfahan (cluster 2-1) and other province (cluster 2-2). Recent cluster include two sub-clusters sub-cluster (2-2-1) contain 10 provinces and sub-cluster (2-2-2) contain 18 provinces which were in low development level. These results indicate that the gap between the economic development of provinces and has been emphasized in several studies. In recent years, different methods have been widely explored in constructing composite indicators. A problem faced by researchers is to determine the most suitable method to apply. Zhou et al. (2006) developed an empirical criterion called the Shannon-Spearman measure for comparing alternative aggregation methods in constructing composite indicators based on the concept of information loss. This paper applies the Shannon-Spearman measure, spearman correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation (CV) to assess the effectiveness of the different method of constructing composite indicators in practice. Results demonstrates that the Shannon-Spearman measure could be an effective measure for comparing aggregation methods in constructing of composite indicators. The case studies presented show that the TOPSIS method is the most appropriate with regards to the information loss criterion. In contrast, the Taxonomy and revised Optimum Deviation method may not be a good choice because it often results in the maximum loss of information. It is also found that the different methods are complementary to each other. Some recommendations are provided include: Decentralization policy and make more attention to less developed province such Sistan and Baluchestan, Lorestan, Ardabil, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, South Khorasn and North Khorasan. Appling Shannon-Spearman measure in different indicator and for other composite indicators methods in the future research should be considered. The application of quantitative methods more cautious should be considered and fitted with the regional facts. Future research is needed especially its sensitivity should be evaluated when the numbers of compared units are changing. Moreover it should be noted that different ranking caused from nature of individual indicator, weighing method, normalization and aggregating methods. The results of each method is complementary to other methods and simultaneously use and compare them often a better guide for the assessment of regional development. As well as other aspects of development through the use of socio-economic indicators and measures proposed in this research is recommended in future works. Finally, this research is not able to judge which method is the most appropriate since these results are obtained based on a specific decision matrix.

Having entered to the era of the ICT governance and the dominance of ICT over citizens environment and living space, there has been a major change in urban management as an entity responsible for the administration of the city. Urban management has been equipped with a modern method in urban management called “electronic urban management”. Following Internet spreading and its public use, along with growing information and communication technology considering citizens and economic enterprises expectations to use electronic management for benefits such as simplification of business processes, reducing expenses and facilitate citizen's access to civil service, achieving urban electronic management Municipalities all over the country set out to create an organization in their offices called "The Information and Communication Technology - ICT abbreviated" undertaking the task of IT management. Even Though this method is more or less realized in many cities, such as Yazd, some problems such as shortage of qualified professionals regarding the up to date electronic proficiency, lack of staff training in terms of basic understanding of the modern methods in electronic systems and even in some cases the lack of customer-orientation and … etc, resulted in plagued cities and has brought the adverse outcomes in the field of electronic urban management performance. Therefore, the present study aimed at improving the electronic management performance of Yazd ICT organization in response to the two questions: 1. To what extend does electronic urban management performance of Yazd ICT organization serve its intended purposes? 2. What are the strategies to enhance the desirability of urban management performance of yazd city? The research has development and practical nature and was attempting to collect data with descriptive – analytical method and library and document technique and survey method and "inventory" and "interview" techniques. Urban management performance functions were measured and analyzed with the "BSC" evaluation method and "fuzzy theory". Doing so with regards to the tasks and performance of Yazd ICT, perspectives and their indicators were determined. Then, through interviews with senior managers, employees, and in some cases according to the needs,surveyed through questionnaires the existing and desired organizational performance in each of the indicators, their desirability and their present situation were assessed and compared. The mean and standard deviation from the existing and desired was determined for each dimension, having compared the results of the each dimension, the balance or imbalance of different dimensions of the organizations were determined. In this study, the localization of Yazd ICT performance indicators were localized and lead to these Electronic urban management performance of Yazd is in line with the determined goals and tasks but portion of 4 perspectives differ in the performance of the organization. Customer perspective has the most positive impact and Growth and learning perspective has the lowest positive impact in the Current organization performance. In order to move further in the direction of electronic urban management, Strategic management and strategic thinking is required to adopt a hierarchical organization according to the visions and objectives, strategies, policies and projects to provide proper execution. Once implemented, these operations be monitored. Also comparison of selected perspectives of studied sample shows an imbalance between these perspectives. Finally at the end of the paper, strategies for improving yazd ICT performance is provided.. This research can be pave the way for the emergence of a new look and a different approach to the topic of organizational assessment, particularly in organizations that are responsible for specific activities.

1- Introduction Climate location, which is particularly suitable conditions, however, have limitations in the field of urban design as well. Exact knowledge of the target location, climate and the wisdom to know the capabilities and limitations of large -scale climatic influence in the design and utilization of urban space itself. In different spaces designed in such buildings, green spaces, walkways, etc., in addition to paying attention to quality, performance, visual and aesthetic, according to the type of climate and climate design criteria are necessary the lack of attention to this issue is a particular problem in cities and urban activities cause Prevention of air -conditioning in buildings, monuments unbalanced utilization of natural light flooded the streets are among them. Obviously, in architecture, planning and building design elements in mind and if we observe them carefully Comfortable living conditions and life species should benefit from the convenience and comfort. 2- Theoretical Foundations Throughout the history of architecture and construction, designers have always sought to respond to weather conditions, Even traditional architecture, design and masterly in their exact climate. Buildings located in the Zagros Mountains or in the cities of the south are protected against wind Or a traditional central courtyard house plans to keep the cold at night in hot and dry climates are designed. Indigenous and local styles of architecture, climate and human activities are considered as the basis of life and the beauty of the buildings that eventually forms it has been concluded. Factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, etc., in the architectural style of buildings is effective. Winds in tropical climates buildings built in the right direction, so that the windows are open and the air conditioning in urban areas will be considered, External surfaces of buildings in cold regions should also be placed in the opposite direction of the prevailing wind, Double windows and walls to run a proper thickness to minimize heat exchange. Moisture in the construction and hass impact in materials selection, So exactly how environmental factors, building form, orientation vectors, streets, alleys and urban areas affects materials selection 3- Discussion Survey the temperature of the city on a monthly scale suggests that The average temperature of the city in the months of April to July and September and October have been increased. The minimum temperature is during the months of April, May, July and October has been increased. April also increased the amount 0/18 maximum temperature of confirms. The situation is quite different from the temperature of the water element. Parameters such that the average relative humidity during the months of January to September has been a decreasing trend. The mean maximum relative humidity in the months of January to November a decreasing trend was observed. At least there is a decreasing trend in the parameter mean relative humidity during the months of January to September were approved. The parameters of rainfall during the months of June to October decreased precipitation in other months no trend was observed. Studies also showed that wind parameters during the study period in all months of the year the wind has been decreasing. In most months of the dominant wind direction is west. Average wind speed of 4/5 meters per second and a maximum rate prevailing at the year in April to 5/8 meters per second. In contrast, in November, the lowest rate is high. Wind speed of 6 meters per second per year, most of the West during the month of February, March, April and May flows. Due to its west wind and accident potential strategies for reducing its ill effects is necessary. 4- Conclusions Findings from this study indicate that the temperature of the city in which has trend been a positive trend in contrast, the water element in the month of declines that had been trend. Wind speed over the period of the decline has been studied. Minor and short-term variation also suggests that most of the changes observed in the thermal elements The mean maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of both additive and random coincidence is rising or falling. Many changes have occurred in the moisture elements of the random drop system. The rain and wind parameters of all the random changes of decline. In relation to locating the element temperature and wind are responsible for the most part. Short -term studies suggest that minor changes in the months of February, March, April, May, October and December at all three parameters increase occurred. So that the parameters of temperature and average minimum temperature in all months of the randomized incremental changes However, the maximum temperature in the months of February and March, and the increasing trend of changes in the months of April, May, October and December of randomly increasing.

Abstrac We con to point to making interest and confidence in people for developing and to progress and decrease of centralization of most import effect of the process of to plan and to manage about the town so the most important tool for to succeed to manage about the town is to enjoy of people participate. Knowing the effeteness factors it is so important for to develop and to progress, of people participate. Participate is not new phenomena in our country, but with increase of city dweller and with result of this subject mean pattern change of participate, it feels that we should review in this sense and showing or presenting the suitable pattern, that it suit able with citizen needs fasa town with 92020 population in 1385 year is one of the most population city of fars province. Some (challenge) problems face with manage about the town in suitable serving to citizen that its related to not activate participate of citizen it is include, lack of income about mange the town, not participate of some of the citizen relate to pay taxes t office town. The goal of this research is to study of the function of management in fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about the town. In this research that is apply and develop kind use of describe analyze research to answer the questions and presenting the key ways. The Use of two different ways mean, documentary and measuring for gather information. In this research for survey of manage about the fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about the town, first study the relate literally after to recognize the view and different patterns in scientific research two pre-condition are essential mean: - tendency and to lean to participate and 2- possible participate (town management) in result the main focus on the. Possible participate (town management). For knowing and measuring the essential variables that shows the function of management of fasa in relate to citizen participate in matter about to town recognize ten original variables. That survey in form of questionnaire and basis of this questionnaire recognize the possible participate, to collect, performance about fasa we survey and analyze all of relate things. Result of this research show that town management of fasa in this case had a poor function so that the result of anally data this function in little and very little level.

Extended abstract Introduction No point on Earth is safe from disaster and has received reports from all over the land of catastrophes and natural disasters In the 90s a number of major international crises of 4752 have arrived since 2000, more than 5584 items of great crisis in the world Gzarshshdhand (Asgari, 1385: 5) The occurrence of natural hazards, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes and tornadoes are often negative impacts on human settlements still left And made them heavy casualties on people, buildings and infrastructure of these areas and destroyed the social and economic effects on societies and countries has imposed Prdamnhay (Khakpur et al., 1390: 2). During the twentieth century so devastating earthquake more than 1100 events around the globe with more than 1,000,500 deaths due to Azdstdadhand (Lantada, 2008: 2). Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt of Iran as part of a high Seismicity always been throughout history, So that different parts of the country by several devastating earthquakes is always Tkhrybshdh (Freedom, 1388: 193). 153 so that the devastating earthquake that happened in the world, 17.6 percent of Iran According to the United Nations in 2003, the country ranks first in the world in the number of earthquakes with an intensity of 5.5 on the Richter scale and has one of the highest ranks of the vulnerability caused by the earthquake and the number of people killed due to the accident, According to the same report, the earthquake in Iran, the dominant aspect of the disaster included (UNDP, 2004: 35). The only result of the latest of these, the earthquake, more than 30,000 were killed, 10,000 wounded and more than 100,000 homeless and destroyed more than 80 percent of the city, including the loss of all social infrastructure that no more than 800 million dollars to bring(National report of the Islamic,2005). What makes the accident earthquake, lack of knowledge and inability to face and deal with its human (Amini et al., 1390). To reduce vulnerability to natural hazards and achieve sustainable development, in addition to the space Mkany- nature and natural hazards, the socio-spatial differences in vulnerable communities and to identify the reasons for it. Why is that natural hazards do not automatically lead to harmful results are only the possibility of injury. While the actual damage associated with exposure and features of the receiving unit (Eternal honor Rukn, 1392: 153). Therefore, the vulnerability is not only the result of Khtrkhyzy areas, but the result of social processes - political, economic and too traumatic a final status derived from these processes. Theoretical bases Among all natural hazards, earthquakes are the most serious risks that are not predictable and not controlled As of 1500 years ago to now, millions of people's lives and property worth millions of dollars in America, due to the devastating earthquake Azdstdadhand The only way to escape is prepared in various ways, such as capacity building preparation, building earthquake resistant structures, and so on. One of the few areas vulnerable to seismic activities through risk assessment and damage assessment is that all kinds of major damage to the social, economic and environmental minimize Seismic Risk Analysis, a tool is required to calculate and estimate the strong ground motion parameters for possible future earthquakes is the site of interest (Rad, 1388: 78) Assessment of urban vulnerability to earthquakes that need to prepare for disaster response and planning measures has been to improve and develop the program makes clear. In addition to the importance of disaster risk assessment on disaster prevention and awareness, planning and organizing ways to reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in that direction. Discussion In this part of the study examines the vulnerability of socio-physical parameters Province Earthquake in Azerbaijan has been using TOPSIS. In order to prioritize and analyze province against damage caused by earthquake, TOPSIS model is used. After data collection and their combination, matrix raw data of each component in the study area is defined where X indicators are studied and A cities The spatial distribution of vulnerability in cities suggests that the city of Urmia in the range of very low vulnerability, Khoy cities mentioned, Bokan and Mahabad in the range of low vulnerability, cities Shahindezh, Salmas, tinsel, Sardasht and round in the middle vulnerability, Counties Maku, tea break and Piranshar Oshnavieh cities, Takab, poldasht and Chalderan are vulnerable, with high and very high. Conclusion Social and physical vulnerability of urban areas is the result of social inequalities According to the results of this study, it can be said that cities due to different structures, socio-economic and physical vulnerability to natural hazards are not the same Due to the lack of infrastructure, spatial and attribute data in the country, no accurate assessment of the vulnerability of socio-physical proper zoning and small towns in the earthquake there In this paper, to consider the social factors -Fyzyky and related factors and using multi criteria decision making and GIS, accurate assessment of the vulnerability of socio-physical province of West Azerbaijan done The results show that by using TOPSIS Urmia city as capital of the province, with first place being vulnerable favorable conditions index is too low Counties temper, mentioned, Bokan and Mahabad of low vulnerability, Shahindezh cities, Salmas, tinsel, Sardasht and round the vulnerability average, counties Maku, tea break and Piranshar Oshnavieh cities, Takab, poldasht and Chalderan thus vulnerable to high and very are high The reality is that if the objective is to study the causes of urban vulnerability to natural disasters in developing countries, including our country It must address the root causes of social inequalities, lack of proper planning, population growth and urbanization, we search these communities

This research is trying to use the models Pereira and Reynard to investigate Geomorphotourism potentials of Sirjan desert. The results show that based on Reynard model geomorphosite of Sirjan desert earns 7.42 of total 17 scores therefore this condition is favorable for tourism development. The results also show that based on Pereira model this site earns 13.18 of total 20 scores and has a high score in order to develop the tourism. Geomorphotourism can be explained as tourist attractions based on performance of formative systems at surface that by creating interesting forms and with aesthetic value, has a great ability in attracting tourists (Ramesht and Shah Zeydi, 354: 1390). In other words Geomorphotourism can be defined as the study of special geomorphic landscapes or Geomorphosites that have scientific, ecological, cultural, economic and aesthetic values simultaneously (Pereira et al 3, 159: 2007). Geomorphosites are geomorphologic landforms that have found scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic and socio-economic values by people who take advantage of them (Shayan et al, 79: 2011). In this regard, this study tries to investigate tourism potentials of Sirjan desert using models Pereira and Rynard. The present study is based on descriptive and analytical methods depending on field observations. Then in order to assess Geomorphosites tourist potentials in the study area, Reynard and Pereira method was used. In Reynard method Geomorphosites are investigated based on scientific, added and combined values (Rynard, 2005, 181). In scientific value indices such as protection, scarcity, being an index and old Geography and in added value indices such as ecological, aesthetic, economic and cultural (with an emphasis on historical-land index) are considered (Lugon and colleagues, 2003, 83). In Pereira model geomorphologic and management values ​​assess Geomorphosites ability in tourism development. Geomorphologic value is calculated by summing up scientific and complimentary scales. On the other hand, the management value is calculated by summing up Geomorphosites use and protection scales. Sum of these two values, management and Geomorphologic, shows Geomorphosites ability to develop tourism. Generally the closer the result number to 20 is, the more influential in planning programs for tourism development it will be. Discussion and Sirjan desert with more than 1625 square kilometers of area is one of the largest deserts in the Isfahan Drainage basin and is located in southwest of Sirjan city. The desert is considered as a flat desert with plates of clay. The surface of the desert is covered with about 68% of clay plates and 32% of salt plates. Reynard model results show that the scientific, added and combined values respectively have 2.6, 3.82, 0.99 scores. Pereira model results also show that among the total 6.68 scores earned by the geomorphologic value, 4.04 is related to scientific scale and 2.82 is related to the complementary scale. Also the score obtained by the management value is 6.32 and 5.19 is related to the use scale and 1.13 is related to the protection scale of Geomorphosites. The results show that based on Reynard model 52% of the total mean scores belongs to the added value and therefore is the most important value in research. And this is because of the high scores in sub criteria such as economic potential, historical-land importance, multiplicity of attractions and ecological effects. After that scientific value with 35% of score is the second important value due to the high scores in sub criteria such as ​​old geography, and being index. Low score in protection sub criterion reduces the importance of the scientific value in comparison with the added value. The results indicate that combined value with 13% of the scores has the least importance in evaluating potentials of Sirjan desert Geomorphosites due to low scores in sub criteria such as management method and human and natural threats of Geomorphosites. Based on these results management method sub criterion with the mean score of 0.01 has the least importance. This indicates weakness in the protection and promotion management of Geomorphosites. The results of this model show that the added value with 3.82 of mean scores has achieved the highest score. After that scientific value with 2.6 of mean scores and combined value with 0.99 mean scores are respectively in the second and third place. On the other hand, the results of Geomorphotourism potential evaluation based on Pereira model shows that geomorphologic value with 6.86 of mean score has the most score and then management value with 6.32 of mean score is in the second place. According to this model, visible sub criterion with a score of 1.5 and aesthetic values ​​ with a score of 1.4 have the most scores among all. The overall results of the Pereira model suggest that the use scale with 39% of the total score has the most importance due to the high points in sub criteria such as availability with 1.37 and visibility with 1.5. The results show that after use scale, scientific and complimentary scales with a share of 21% of total scores are in the second place. The protection scale with 9% of the total scores indicates poor management of this Geomorphosite.

Expanded Abstract 1- Introduction One of the most important key factors in economy development of a nation is rural area's economy development. Rural economy development in every region has been depended on the many activities. In this field, agro-industry activities are an important subdivision of agriculture that has an important role in rural economy and the life of villagers has been depended on it. Entrepreneurship is a novel approach in this area. Given the entrepreneurship based on development of various activities is one of the important issues needing logical strategies corresponding to the local potentials, thus complementary and transformative industries have been taken into account as one of the most important complementary activities in agricultural sector that has always traditionally been considered and have a significant role in employment and surplus labor absorption in agriculture sector. Lenjan town, having the highest agricultural potentials, has been one of the most important agricultural centers in Isfahan province. But in spite of this potential, entrepreneurship and rural economic development plans less have been done for agro industries. This research has studied rural economic development based on agro- industries in Lenjan. It shows that how agro-industry activity can play an important role in economic development of local entrepreneurship. 2- Theoretical Approach "Strategic Planning" is a process by which societies have been conducted based on a realistic evaluation of resources and environment regarding collective collaboration and stakeholders in a long-term. In the concept of "development" it has been stated, the development is not as same as economic growth, but it is a multidimensional process. It is from other concepts of "entrepreneurship". Entrepreneurship is a process that opportunities can be followed by individuals for themselves or for the organization regardless the resources that are controlled by them. The "rural economy" cannot be a fixed definition due to the diverse and changing characteristics and factors. In a definition, the rural economy is containing "all individual and social activities that have been performed in the rural environment to live and make rural material welfare. 3- Discussion In this paper, field survey has been applied using a cluster-randomized method to complete the sample questionnaire given to 23 farmers, 119 villagers living in the area and 50 experts from related agro-industries. The reliability of applied statistical method in this questionnaire was confirmed by faculty and professionals, and its stability was calculated by Alpha Cronbach's method. Then in the perspective of the participants in the rural economy development and the effects of agro industries in rural areas the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks were defined based on SWOT techniques. In order to prioritize strategies and transform qualitative indicators into quantitative ones «removing the scale» method was applied, also to analyze the answers the chi-square and Friedman statistical methods have been used. Regarding the common rule in SWOT analysis to present Macro strategies, if obtained mean from all scores of weaknesses and threats was lesser than opportunities and strengths (WT

1- Introdution The main section of the old texture is related to qualitative and quantitative inadequacies of houses. Numerous factors has resulted in high demotion of qualitative and quantitative situation in these textures such as historical, cultural and economical factors. Whereas the house is addressed as thing further than housing (konap,1982:35). Therfore, the necessity of special glance to insufficiencies and inadequacies of house section in old texture can resulted in solving the great section of insufficiencies of this kind of textures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the urban old- textures general Practical solutions for decreasing current problems and challenges and also using the potential of these textures to endogenous development. Studied area of old textures are cities including Sanandaj, Saghghez,Ghorveh, Marivan and Baneh as Most populous cities in Kurdistan. 2- Theortical bases Overal, global theorists of urban old textures have addrssed to present their viewpoints in three poles of culturalism, functionalism and realism (Azizi,1379:38). Overal, used politics in advanced countries have been (Reconstruction) in 1950s, (Renewal) in 1960s, (Revival) in 1970s, (Redevelopment) in 1980s and from 1990s (Recreation). Also, in developing countries following to advanced countries various actions have been done includings psychology, reformation, the revival of cultural, reformation and development (Poor-Ahmad & Kalantari,1385:26). 3- Disscution 1-3- Determinig the old texture in selected urban points The scope of various kinds of old texture have been identified in selected cities of kurdistan province as following: Baneh and Marivan cities have the highest percentage of historical kind from old texture among cities of the pronivce and Sagh-ghez and Ghorveh cities have the most percentage by more than 50 percentage of middle-texture kind from old texture. Also Babeh city by 39/7 percentage of marginal kind of the whole of old texture have the highest percetage from the texture. 2-3- Qualitative and Quantitative chracteristics of house in old texture of selected urban points. Marivan city has the worst qualitative and quantitative situation and Ghorveh city has the best situation. The residential-refined-population average is 450 persons in hectare in old texture of selected cities and in the whole of scope of selected cities is 395 persons in hectare. This rate is very high in comparison with the population average of 40-yearly-period in country urban points which is equal to 233/3 persons in hectare (Ziari,162:1388). Achieved per capitas residential is very low relative to per capitas standard and also the lack of residential units is very considerable in existing situation regarding to household standard to residential unit. More than 33 percentage in old texture have destructive and destroyed quality. And only 29/5 percentage have destructive and destroyed quality and 41 percentage have acceptable quality. In the mean time, valuable buildings include lower than 5 percentage in the both scopes. 3-3- Estimating the lack of house in urban texture 3-3-1- Estimating the lack of house by using of household index In exsisting situation, in the scope of old texture, there are 11171 destructive units and 383 destroyed units that equal to 11554 on the whole. Also, in the whole of urban regions there are 27396 destructive units and 887 destroyed units that faced with the lack of hous, equal to 28283 in exsisting situation totally. 4- conclusion The part of housing faces with the quality and quantity numerous existing problems so that we see more than 200 in comparison to country-average in housing Net mass index, the Shortage of 28 sq. per a person in residential land Capitation and we observe the 13 percentage difference in household index relative to Housing units. The balance of the shortage of housing unit result from Improvement of household index to housing unit is equivalent to 5609 units and the shortage result from the quality of Ruin and destruction is equivalent to 11554 units in old texture. The study of these indexes show that the whole of the shortage of housing in old-texture of selected cities is equivalent to 18063 units. 5- Proposals 3. The difference in area, Distribution, quantity and quality of buildings and the type of texture appears the necessity of the view according to the qualification of any city. Therefore, we must consider Strategies, policies and proportional administrative plans while paying attention to rehabilitation and reconstruction experiences of old textures in other worlds and in our country either. Rehabilitation and reconstruction of urban old texture can be considered as the main development strategy of intracity in Koordistan province especially in its great cities that they face with the problem of the high shortage of land physical development.