نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1387)

In order to study effect of water deficit stress and manure onon quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiologicalof plantago ovate a pot experiment was performed at the greenhouse of Jiroft Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2009. For this purpose split plot design based on complete randomized block with 3 replication was used. Irrigation treatments consist of 3 level: 75%FC (mild stress), 50%FC (Medium stress) and 25%FC (Sever Stress) were main factors and manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ton/ha) were selected as sub factors. The results showed effect of water deficit stress and manure and also interaction effect between two factor on seed yield were significant (P<5% and p<1%). Highest seed yield (232.3 kg/ha) obtained from mild stress with using 20 ton/ha manure. This two factor had no significant on mucilage. With increasing water deficit stress RWC was decreased. The maximum RWC obtained by using 40 ton/ha. Cell membrane stability was decreased under sever stress. Thus in Jiroft it's necessary for reach high yield in plantago ovata 20 t/ha manure.

Bandar Kiashahr County located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics.Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000cc were selected as surveying treatments. Results indicated that zinc and methanol application had significant effects on measured parameters. Also comparing the average of measured parameters showed that interaction effect of methanol solution 30% (v/v) and zinc 1/1000cc on surveyed parameters are more than other treatments. Foliar methanol and zinc application increased pod yield, grain yield, weight of 100 kernel, mature pods per plant, protein content of seed and oil content of seed but interaction effect of methanol and zinc had no significant impact on oil and protein content of seeds.

The effects of irrigation intervals and nitrogen fertilizer rate, on yield and yield components of rice (cv. Hashemi) were investigated at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, in 2008.The effects of three nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 90 Kg/ha) and four irrigation intervals (permanent flooded, 5, 10 and 15 days after water disappearance from soil surface) were evaluated in a split plot amendment using CRBD with three replications. The results showed that 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biologic yield, tiller number, tillers fertility, panicles number per square meter, number of filled grains and panicle were significantly increased with nitrogen fertilizer increment. Grain yield was significantly increased at 90 Kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer, the effects of irrigation intervals on biologic yield, tillers number, panicles number/m2, and number of filled grain. Results showed that the maximum grain yield was obtained at permanent flooded and 90 Kg N/ha that was not significant different with it days irrigation intervals and 60 Kg N/ha. It seems that the one ten day irrigation in tervals with the less nitrogen fertilizer rate (60 Kg/ha) may help to save water and nitrogen fertilizer. There was no difference between permanent and 10 days irrigation intervals.

The cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important soil-born pathogens on wheat and barley throughout the world. The two species of the cereal cyst nematodes, H. filipjevi and H. latiponsare widely distributed in Iran, but H. avenae has limited distribution. A field survey was conducted for determining of distribution regions and population density of the cereal cyst nematodesin Markazi province in 2009. In this study 83 soil sample of wheat and barley fields were taken from Arak, Shazand, Farmahin, Ashtian, Komijan, Tafresh, Zarandieh, Mahallat, Khomein and Saveh regions. The modified Fenwick can technique was used to extract cysts from the soil. Based on the morphological characteristics of the second stage juveniles and the vulval cone structures, two species were identified as H. filipjevi and H. latipons. The results showed that H. filipjevi was the most dominant species in both wheat and barley fields, whereas, H. latipons was found on wheat in Khomein and Zarandieh regions. H. filipjevi had more distribution and population density in Farmahin, Tafresh and Khomein regions in comparison to other regions. The cereal cyst nematodes were found in 39.7% of rain-fed fields of wheat and barley of the Markazi province. The most of nematode population density was determined (20-40 cyst per 300 g of soil) in some cereal fields that can be as one of limiting factor in yield reduction.

In order to study the effect of different planting dates and application of ammonium sulphate on yield and yield components of Hyola rapeseed cultivar in winter planting an experiment was conducted in climatic conditions of Mane and Samalghan during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on factorial based on CRBD with four replications. The experiments were treatment included three planting dates (18 Sep., 4 Oct. and 19 Oct. of 2008) and four fertilizer treatment (base fertilizer 100 kg/ha urea, 80 kg/ha ammonium sulphate at beginning of spring and 80 kg/ha ammonium sulphate in maximum height of plant), (base fertilizer 100 kg/ha urea, 40 kg/ha ammonium sulphate at beginning of spring and 40 kg/ha urea in maximum height of plant), (base fertilizer 100 kg/ha urea, 40 kg/ha urea at beginning of spring and 80 kg/ha ammonium sulphate in maximum height of plant) and (base fertilizer 100 kg/ha urea, 40 kg/ha urea at beginning of spring and 80 kg/ha urea in maximum height of plant).Trait were considered as number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, 1000 grains weight and grain yield. The results showed that second planting date was superior on number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and grain and value of third fertilizer treatment on number of pod per plant, grain yield. Highest and lowest grain yield belonged to the second planting date and third fertilizer treatment with average 4.1 ton/ha and third planting date and fourth fertilizer treatment with average 3.2 ton/ha respectively.

The present study was performed to find the effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring safflower on Isfahan variety. It was done in the research field of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2008-2009. The experiment was performed in factorial split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications and 48 plot. Treatment were selected as two planting dates (10th of May and 10th of July) and different level of N (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant densities (400000 and 800000 plant/ha) hence 800000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting. The result showed that the highest yield was related to 10th of May planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 3052 kg/ha. The lowest yield was related to 10th of July planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and 400000 plant density per hectare. The delayed planting has very much influence in decreasing yield of safflower. So, planting in 10th of May has direct effect on safflower yield rather than planting in 10 July.

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of weeds (Sinapis arvensis, Hordeum spp., Secale montanum and Agrostemma githago) competition on morphological traits, yield and harvest index of three winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran during 2008. Studied factors were weed control time included weeding in rosette, early stem elongation, early flowering and 50% flowering stages, full season competition, control and SLM046, Opera and Okapi cultivars. Results showed that number of branches per plant were 4 and 2 in control and full-season interference treatments, respectively. Biological yield of rapeseed in whole season weed-infested plots reduced 40%, as compared with control. Weeds biomass in treatments those weeds were controlled at early stem elongation, early flowering and 50% flowering stages had no-significant difference. Weeds could increase biomass up to 410 g m-2 when grew with rapeseed along the season. Weeds control had significant difference with weed-free plots in early stem elongation, early flowering and 50% flowering stages with 32%, 44% and 50% reduction value in seed yield, respectively. When the weeds competition period took a long time, seeds weight decreased. Seed oil percentage was not affected by cultivars and weeds competition periods. Reduction value in oil yield of rapeseed in different levels of weed control were 32%, 4%, 45%, 50% and 55%, respectively.

In order to assessment of relationship among grain yield and different traits and determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in canola a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted using 17 cultivars. Correlation coefficient analysis of grain yield showed positive and significant relationship between selected trait with traits days to shooting, days from planting to full flowering, plant height, number of grain/pod, 1000 grains weight, biological yield, harvest index, grain oil percent and oil yiel. Step-wise regression of grain yield as dependent variable and the other traits as independent variables revealed that 98.9% of variation exists in grain yield accounted for by the traits biological yield, harvest index, days to flowering initiation and number of grain/pod. Path analysis for grain yield based on traits that correlated positively and significantly with this trait designed high efficiency of traits 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, harvest index, days to shooting and number of grain/pod as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of this trait in canola cultivars especially in early generations of breeding programs.