فهرست مطالب

آزمایشگاه و تشخیص - پیاپی 15 (بهار 1391)

فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1391)

  • بهای روی جلد: 20,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1391/03/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 16
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  • M. Roshan Nia Jahromi, Dr. R. Yaghoubi, Dr. M. Ramzi, S. Alishavandi Page 4
    The etiology of lymphoproliferative disorders arelargely unknown, a variety of genetic and environmental factors, under lyng diseases and viral infections have been proposed to be implicated to these lymphoproliferative cancers. viruses like Hepatitis type C virus)HCV(have so far been the most widely studied agent considered to be involved in the process of this malignant transformations such as Non-Hodgkin lymphoma)NHL(.
    Objectives
    In this research, for association between HCV infections and some types of lymphoproliferative malignancis and for HCV potential to infect human lymphocytes and some other hematopoietic cells, the prevalence of HCV infections in NHL patients was suggested.
    Material and Method
    In this cohort and retrospective investigation, 70 EDTA treated blood samples were collected for 2 years from NHL patients and healthy control group respectively.HCV viremia by RT-PCR technique, and anti-HCV antibody by ELISA method,were tested for determination the HCV prevalence in NHL patients and control group. For determination the possible of HCV infections in this type B-cell lymphoma, all data were statistically analyzed.
    Results
    The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 1.4% and 0 % in NHL patients and control group respectively. The HCV-RTPCR positive results were detected in 11 out of 70)15.7%(and 6 out of 100)6%(in NHL patients and healthy control group respectively.
    Conclusion
    For significant correlation of anti-HCV antibody titer and positive result of HCV-RT-PCR with NHL disorders manifestations, detection and monitoring of HCV infection parameters may have a role in malignant of therapeutic strategies in these lymphoma patients.
    Keywords: Non, Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL, Lymphoproliferative disorders, HCV
  • Dr. M. R. Khalajzadeh Page 8
    For everybody health of future generation is an important issue. During last few years in I.R. IRAN many medical centers have begun prenatal screening for genetic diseases and congenital disorders like: Down syndrome, Neural tube defect, ….The main problem seems to be emotional outcomes for parents, un-necessary testing, delay in definitive diagnosis for legal abortion and the like. Related to this conditions there are some morale issues which will be discussed here.
  • Dr. M. Ghahri Page 13
    Candida spp In the oropharynx, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract, Candida colonization is typically limited to the superficial portions of the epithelium. In more severe cases, invasion may occur into the submucosa or muscularis. Neutrophilic reaction and necrosis are typical in patients who can muster a granulocytic reaction. In the severly neutropenic patient, coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage and marked vascular invasion without neutrophils is typical, and intravascular thrombi may be found. Candida is usually visible in H&E stained slides, Gram, PAS and GMS stains in tissue. The presence of oval, budding yeast, pseudohyphae, and true hyphae is characteristic of Candida species. The main differential for Candida in tissue is trichosporon, a less common opportunistic fungus that is larger and forms arthroconidia. Candida can be confused with H. capsulatum and Pneumocystis jiroveci cysts. Histoplasma is intracellular, Pneumocystis cysts are slightly larger and more spherical with frequent collapsed forms and also they lack budding. Cryptococcus neoformans The host reaction to Cryptococcus varies with the immune status of the individual and the amount of cryptococcal capsule. In chronic, localized infections, well-formed granulomata are typical. In disseminated infection there is minimal inflammation, although scattered macrophages usually are present. In chronic granulomatous cryptococcosis, granulomata may be found in the lung, brain and meninges, clinically mimicking neoplasia. In tissue, C. neoformans appears as clear to pale blue, thin-walled, round to slightly oval yeast-like cells, often with a narrow, tube-like structure connecting the blastoconidia. Yeast cells vary in size from 2 to 20 µm in diameter, but most are 4-10 µm. Cryptococci may be difficult to visualize in an H&E-stained preparation. In H&E and GMS-stained sections, yeasts are typically surrounded by wide, unstained mucinous capsule. Mucicarmine stain colors the mucopolysaccharide of the cryptococcal cell wall and capsule. The cell walls of B. dermatitidis and Rhinosporidium seeberi are often weakly mucicarmine positive, but their morphology is quitedistinct from that of Cryptococcus. Capsule-deficient forms of C. neoformans may be difficult to find. Fontana-Masson staining is useful for finding capsule- deficient strains.Application of statistical methods to monitor quality control results of ELISA screening tests.
  • Dr. S. Nasiri Page 20
    The reliability of quality control results of ELISA screening tests are one of the major issues in validation process especially in transfusion transmitted infectious disease by HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV. Basic statistics such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and bias are used to monitor quality control results to identify random and systematic errors. Increased random error causes increased variation about the mean and a higher standard deviation or CV% which allows us to compare precision in ELISA methods. Systematic error is identified by bias or a shift in the mean value and shows a change in accuracy. Total error includes random and systematic errors can be minimized as follow: - Handle reagents, calibrators and controls with extreme care - Review reagent preparation instructions - Check expiration dates on reagents/calibrators - Check reconstitution date of reagents and calibrators - Use volumetric pipette to measure control and reagent diluent)change pipette frequently(- Make fresh reagent frequently, pour fresh reagent each day, and store unused portions properly - Bring reagents to room temperature prior to use and return to the refrigerator immediately after use - Calibrate tests more frequently - Perform cleaning procedures more frequently - Clean internal reservoir frequently
  • Dr. H. Amir Rasouli Page 23
    Proper collection, processing, and storage of common sample types associated with requests for diagnostic testing are critical to the provision of quality test results and many errors can occur during these steps. Such errors are considered preanalytical errors and are known to contribute to delayed and suboptimal patient care. Recognizing and minimizing these errors through careful adherence to the concepts below and any individual institutional policies will result in more reliable information for use in quality patient care by healthcare professionals. Controllable and uncontrollable are the two classifications of preanalytical variables. Controllable variables relate to standardization of collection, transport, and processing of specimens. Uncontrollable variables are those associated with the physiology of the particular patient)age, sex, underlying disease, etc.(. Laboratorians must understand the influences of both controllable and uncontrollable variables on the composition of body fluids to be able to interpret test results.
  • Dr. D. Farhud Page 31
    From the beginning of life and the initiation of the primary living cell on Earth, that is, about one billion years ago, if the principle of inheritance did not rule, the possibility of passing the information form that simple cell to the next, and hence the continuation of life, could not be achieved. Thoughts and beliefs of pioneers scientists, writers and poets, after the Great Ferdowsi, a poet whose verses clearly show the awareness of the people in heritability of appearance and ethical features, until now, have been extensively expressed, repeatedly. In this article, it has been tried to gather some information from documented writings, such as, research articles and theses, published from 250 years ago. 35 people of the most effective pioneers in producing data in genetics and anthropology, have been selected and introduced. Also, Iranian pioneers who have been in good services in the field of genetics, have been mentioned. Finally, references have been made to obligatory cases for referring to genetic clinic, counseling, genetic tests, such as prenatal screening, amniocentesis, CVS, ultrasonography during pregnancy.