نشریه مشاوره کاربردی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

The aim of the current study was to design a model to empower school counselors. This study was conducted using mixed methods. The population of this study consisted of administrators, counselors, teachers and students in western Azarbaijan. The sample of the study included 48 subjects in the academic year 2012-2013. For the qualitative part of the study, the samples were determined by Saturated Comments and for the quantitative part of the study, 370 subject were randomly selected. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and researcher-designed questionnaires After analyzing the obtained data, the initial model was designed and the researcher–designed questionnaire was used to validate the model. In the quantitative part, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that the relationship between the intrapersonal, meta-personal and interpersonal factors with variable vulnerability is significant (r=0/296), and its coefficient of determination was 0/88. This means that these three variables together explained about 8.8 percent of the variance of Vulnerability of variable Counseling Activities. The severity of the impact and significance of the coefficient of determination were significant (β=0.12, P=0.05). In the qualitative part, the findings revealed that intrapersonal factors predicted Vulnerability of Counseling Activities more than any other factors. This shows that among the traumatic factors, most of damages are related to intrapersonal factors such as consulting activities, i.e., school counselor’s performance. Thus, development and introduction of an empowerment model for school counselors which can lead to improved performance in school counseling is suggested to modify these factors.

Due to unpredictable situations and difficult living conditions, people continuously need advice and guidance in life. The current study aimed to determine the effect of solution-focused group counseling on family function and marital satisfaction of married women in Mashhad city. The present study is an applied research of a quasi experimental-type (pre and post-test design with control group). The study population includes all married women referred to the Counseling center of Faculty of Education & Psychology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 1393; using voluntary sampling method, 20 married women were selected and were randomly assigned in experiment group and control group. The participants completed Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Family Functioning Scale (FAD-1) in the pre-test and post-test. The experiment group women participated in eight 120-minute sessions with solution-focused approach, and the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis and SPSS-21 software. The results showed that solution-focused group counseling on family function and marital satisfaction is effective significantly higher than experiment group. However, it can be concluded that family dysfunction and low marital satisfaction in married women could improve by solution-focused group counseling. Also, this approach can be used in the family area to promote marital satisfaction and family function as an efficient method to be employed in the family field.

The aim of the present study was to examine the casual relationship of parental bonding with bullying in schools, mediated bypersonality characteristics and student-teacher relationship quality. 200 second-grade male high-school students in Ahvaz were selected using multi-stage random sampling method. The data were collected by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-FFI), bullying in School Scale (BS) and Inventory of Teacher–Student Relationship)IT-SR). The fitness of the proposed model was examined by structural equation modeling. The results showed that all direct paths, except direct paths of maternal bonding to neuroticism, paternal bonding to bullying in school, neuroticism to bullying in school, conscientiousness to bullying in school and openness to experience to bullying in school, were significant. Indirect paths of maternal bonding through extraversion on bullying in school, paternal bonding through extraversion and neuroticism on bullying in school, conscientiousness through trusting on teacher on bullying in school, agreeableness through trusting on teacher on bullying in school and openness to experience through trusting on teacher on bullying in school were also significant. Totally, appropriate parental bonding (high care and low protection) mediated by individual characteristics and trust in teacher as a more influential mediator can reduce bullying in school. Therefore, the central role of the family, teachers and student's individual characteristics should be focused in interventions and planning’s related to reducing behavior problems.

The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on life satisfaction and sense of meaning in life of the mothers of children with externalized disorder. In this semi-experimental (pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group), using random sampling method, among mothers referring to counseling and psychology clinics in area 9 of Tehran city 30 mothers of children aged 6 to 11 were selected. Mothers were placed in two groups, experiment (n=15) and control groups(n=25). The Participants completed the Satisfaction of Life and the Meaning in Life Questionnaires, Seligman et al. Positive thinking training program was administered to the experiment group in eight 120-minute sessions and control group received no training. Data were analyzed using Covariance statistics method and spss-21 software. The findings showed significant increases in life satisfaction and meaning in life of experiment group as compared with that of control group. Since disruptive behaviors of children may have negative effect on psychological wellbeing of their parents, especially mothers, positive thinking training can help parents to change their attitudes and take realistic viewpoint in the life and experience more satisfaction with their lives.

The current research analyzed and combined the results of research on the effect of family education in parenting using meta-analysis method. Among 26 studies about family education 20 were selected, for meta-analysis study in terms of different parts of research methodology such as research and hypotheses questions, statistic society, sampling, and research method, instruments statistical methods and reliability and validity. Using the effect size by Schmitt and Hunts method the results showed that family education program is effective in dimensions of controlling children in abnormality behavior, religious and moral upbringing, sexual upbringing, increasing parents educational knowledge, improvement of parent with school communication, improvement of family relationship and increasing parents knowledge about children growth stages, but it was not effective in dimensions of affective/social nurturing, children academic performance and increasing parents knowledge about healthcare. This information can be used in planning parents and students educational programs, as well as prevention and treatment interventions.

Issues of marriage are continuously investigated by researchers in order to create and improve the quality of marriage. Marital quality is one important marriage variable which predicts durability of marriage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles to God, sanctification of marriage and spiritual intimacy with marital quality in married women among Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz students. The sample included 192 subjects selected by voluntary sampling method. The participants completed four questionnaires Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), Sacred Marriage Inventory, Spiritual Intimacy Inventory, and Quality of Marriage Index. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression method. The results showed that attachment styles to God indicated negative correlation with quality of marriage. The sanctification of marriage and spiritual intimacy indicated positive relationship with quality of marriage. The result of multiple regression showed multiple correlation coefficients between predictive and criterion variables and this variables predicted 32% of quality of marriage variance. It is concluded that insecure attachment to God, sanctification of marriage and spiritual intimacy may affect marital quality.