مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 176 (هفته دوم دی 1394)

Violence against women is more than 50% in Iranian society and worldwide. Although the relationship between domestic violence and women''s chronic and debilitative diseases has been known،so far، no review study which identifies the relationship between domestic violence and cervical cancer has not been done; so، this study was performed with aim to identifying the association between violence against women and pre-invasive and invasive cervical lesions. In this reviewstudy، the English and Persian articles were searched from1990 to 2015 using the keywords of «cervical cancer» and «domestic violence» in the international databases of Pubmed،Science Direct، and Google scholar، SID،Magiran،and IranMedex. After reviewing the article، 16 related studies were critically evaluated. Probability of complication with low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions had directly correlated with duration of time which the women suffer the domestic violence (P<0. 05). Women with experience of three types of violence (physical، sexual and psychological) had the higher rate of complication with cervical cancer. Women with experience of violence had not referred for Pap smeartest until premenopausal period، which led to delayeddiagnosisof cervical cancer. Domestic violence haspositive correlation with risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions morbidity، cervical cancer، and frequency of referring for Pap smear test. So، through awareness of health care managers and personnel of this association، a step can be performed for appropriate planning and measurement to screen and determine the women suffering domestic violence.

Physiological changes in the mother''s body during pregnancy cause more sensitivity of this group to dental and oral diseases which could have a significant impact on maternal and neonatal health. However، the frequent examinations during pregnancy are an opportunity for training oral and dental health to pregnant mothers.

This two-group experimental study was performed with pretest - posttest on 144 eligible pregnant women referred for controlling prenatal care to Mashhad Health Care Centers. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. Training sessions were held for the intervention group. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and viewing performance questionnaire which was about brushing and flossing. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11. 5 and using descriptive and analytical statistics. P

The results showed that before the intervention، the means and standard deviations of the mothers’ performance in experimental and control groups were not significantly different (P=0. 08). However، after the intervention، the mothers’ mean performance was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0. 0001) and compared with the pre-intervention phase (P <0. 0001).

It seems that training based on health belief model can be considered as an effective and low-cost method to improve the performance of oral and dental health in pregnant women.

Fetal extraction difficulty during cesarean delivery occurs in 1 to 2% of cases that one of the causes is impacted fetal head in delivery canal which is associated with many fetal and maternal complications. In this report، we introduce a 26 years old woman who is complicated with rupture of posterior cul-de-sac during cesarean in low station of fetal head which is a rare complication. A 26 years old woman with first pregnancy at term presented to the hospital with labor pain in active phase of labor. In the second stage of labor، she was transferred to operative room for cesarean section due to prolonged deceleration of fetal heart rate (FHR). Because of impacted fetal head in delivery canal، the assistant placed her hand into the vagina to push the fetal head up into the uterus in order to surgeon can extract the fetus (abdominovaginal method). But this method was unsuccessful and fetus was extracted with reverse breech extraction method. Then we noticed rupture of posterior cul-de-sac in length 4-cm and it was repaired and the abdomen was closed. Patient was discharged after 72 hours with good condition and no signs and symptoms of infection. Damage to the adjacent tissues and ligaments of the uterus is mentioned as a complication of performing cesarean in low station that the surgeon should pay special attention to these complications when repairing the caesarean site in cases of low station.