نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 8 (بهار 1393)

Climate has a considerable effect on every human activities including military action and it should be scrutinized in any kind of military action. The designers and strategic issues planners who turn their attention to the next month or next year are the principal users of climatology; that is why the climatology for the armed forces that prepare themselves for missions in unknown lands is of great importance. Due to the strategic position of Iran in the Persian Gulf and Middle East region and external threats, adopting the required measures to protect and preserve the country's territorial integrity is a necessity. One of the measures that can be prevented domestic vulnerability, understanding defensive climates of different regions of the country. One of the measures that can prevent domestic vulnerability is understanding the defensive climates of different regions of the country. Given the importance of the Strait of Hormuz and Hormozgan province, this study has addressed the evaluation of the conditions of military forces’ comfort climate in the region. In order to assess the condition of climatic comfort, the relevant data for the elements of mean maximum daily temperature, mean daily temperature, minimum relative humidity, mean daily humidity, precipitation, total sunshine hours and wind speed for synoptic stations in the period of 20 years from the Meteorological Department has been received. Then, the conditions of comfort climate were calculated using TCI index and the obtained data were plugged into GIS and climatic comfort zonation of Hormozgan province was conducted in different months. The results of this study indicated that climatic comfort of the province has a lot of variation throughout the year. So the best month in terms of climate conditions comforts for troops include December and February, with two categories (ideal and excellent), March with three categories (ideal, excellent or very good), November and January with two levels (excellent and very good) and the month of April with three categories (good, very good or excellent). In general we can say that the climate comfort in the province starts in November and ends in April and December and February are the best months for military troops. In contrast, August and December with categories of (unpleasant and critical), July with categories (unpleasant, critical, acceptable), and June with categories (critical, acceptable, and good) are the worst comfort conditions.

Border trade is one of the main indicators in establishing relationship between neighboring countries and also earning a living among frontiersmen; through this, the people living in the border areas of neighboring countries can get the advantage of the shared opportunities and resources. This can lead to continuity, stability, friendship and mutual understanding in population stabilization of the frontier zones, providing job opportunities and security, economic development and the formation of a relative advantage in the border areas. In spite of the existing capacities and capabilities in border areas, one of the main features of these regions is being far away from the center of the country. This geographic problem which is mainly driven from border regions’ nature, and this distance in terms of non-land use and centeredness-orientation policies have unpleasant consequences for the border regions that the most important one is their intense privation and being marginal which in turn provides the military, security, political, and social problems. This study, using a combinational pattern than forms the theoretical framework of this study, has addressed the analysis of economic effects of border markets on political border security development of the country. Based on this, Jolfa border market in the northwest of the country (East Azerbaijan) has been selected as the case study for its strategic and geopolitical situations, for being the entrance gate and the communicative bridge of Iran and Europe, and for getting the effect of Pan Turk ethnic movements and geographic characteristics. This study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is descriptive that has been conducted in library and field study method. The data were collected using the interview and questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. The security and economic consequences and the obtained results indicate that the Jolfa border market could have acceptable effects on relative security and also frontiersmen population stability of the region in the political borders in the northwest of the country. Finally, some guidelines and suggestions have been presented in this regard.

Security is one of the most common aspects of flourishing and base of development, growth, and stability in every society. Put it in more correct term, economic, social prosperity and any other activity that can be an effective factor in the development of a society would be possible via the stability of security. The social security and its feeling by citizens as one of the principle aspects of security are the most important objectives, resources, and basic values of the society and the guarantee of continuity of its essential characteristics (cultural, social bonds, etc.). On the other hand, the concept of security and its feeling by citizens living in border cities are considerably important due to the key critical positions as the entrance gateways of the city. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper is identifying and ranking the factors influencing the sense of social security among border residents emphasizing on Boushehr border city as a specific pattern. Considering the analytic-descriptive nature of the study, after collecting data through library and field studies the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software and the hypotheses were tested. For ranking the identified indicators, the AHP decision-making method has been employed. The statistical population of the study includes 89468 individuals ranging from 19 to 55-year-old people in Boushehr city. The sample size (216 individuals) was determined by Cochran Sampling method. According to the obtained results, there is a significant relationship between social sense of security and the indicators such as economic-social base, law enforcement performance, sense of relative privation and social capital. Finally, considering the obtained results, it is necessary for the appropriate authorities to provide the pleasant bases for increasing the sense of social security via accurate planning and developing economic, social, and security infrastructures.

In the military literature of any country in which military geography is a part, knowing geographic characteristics of ours and the enemy for defensive objectives is of considerable importance. Eight years of experience as a sacred defense have made the necessity of understanding the threats of natural and human factors (the size of military, cultural, economic, political, etc.) in national, regional and trans-regional levels (tactical and strategic) obvious. In this study an attempt is made to discuss the concept of geography, military geography, borders, border types, in particular Northwest and Western borders and border disputes and the influence of internal developments in the border areas of neighboring countries on border regions of Islamic Republic of Iran’ Northwest and West, as well as a military concept and scope of activity. In addition, a comprehensive definition of the concept of security-political geography, having the view on applied aspects in different levels of military actions, is offered. The research question of the role of military geography of western borders with neighboring countries in national security is also answered and explained in this way that the frontiersmen’s ethnic-religious integrity with residents of the other sides of the borders and the existence of present changes and challenges in the neighboring countries have led the same challenges to exist in these sides of borders and it primarily affects the security of the region and later the national security. Therefore, knowing the military geography of border regions and generally the political geography can extendedly prevent from the repetition of security incidents due to the crises on the other sides of the borders. The methodology of this study is a library-documentary type which has been conducted using library resources (books, articles, and theses), statistics and internet. The effective factors on creating unrests in northwest and west regions of the country have been investigated. And then by constructive analysis the obstacles of establishing the stability and security in the regions have been identified and finally the necessary guidelines for providing security in the borders have been proposed from the military-security viewpoints.

Nowadays, the importance of borders in making security is so important that it can be known as the basis of any country, and if the borders of a country become unrest and unsafe, that country will be destroyed. If a group of organizations are responsible to secure the borders, the border forces are considered as the most important organization in establishing security in the borders. So, planning and paying attention to border forces is considered as an important investment in securing the borders and the country itself. But, development in science different fields and also criminals’ access to that has made it possible for to go along with this progress and commit their crimes in different forms and in line with science progress. Today, many threats such as drug smuggling, transnational organized crimes, illegal aliens’ communications, terrorist attacks and so on threaten our country. The threats are not only being committed much more than the past, but they are also being committed differently from the past. Therefore, the governments face many threats and problems in make and supporting the security that is one of the basic requirements of human society. So, the Border Guard and Border Forces cannot respond to the increasing requirements of the society traditionally and so it is necessary for the border forces, which are the main responsible of the borders, to be familiar with the border threats and confront them differently. Thus, using library, descriptive and analytic method in this paper an attempt is made to examine the role of border forces in securing the borders based on the general missions of the country’s border guards and give a new thought in confronting emerging border threats, especially the eastern land borders of the country.

Throughout history, mankind has always sought to save themselves from all of the hazards that have threatened him including the emergence of drugs called narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Psychoactive drug is any kind of substance, whether natural or industrial (chemical) that affects the central nervous system of humans and inappropriate use of that creates dependency. Detection, prevention, and identification of psychoactive drug are difficult for the appropriate officials and authorities due to the increasing number and the easiness in making them. Nevertheless, some measures have been taken in both domestic and international dimensions to prevent combat against those drugs.

The main drawback with current border monitoring technologies, such as fences and cameras, is that they can be seen by potential intruders. In looking for a covert system, this paper reports on research to develop a buried fiber optic intrusion system utilizing a phase-sensitive optical timedomain reflectometer developed at Texas A&M University. Light pulses from a highly coherent laser are introduced into a length of buried optical fiber, with the Rayleigh backscattered light being monitored. Intruders in the vicinity of the optical fiber produce detectable phase changes in the backscattered light. Utilizing a field programmable gate array (FPGA), real-time signal processing is performed on the received signal. This allows for continuous monitoring, with alarms being triggered when an intrusion is detected. While access is only needed to one end of the fiber, detection capabilities exist along the entire length of buried fiber. Through the use of fiber amplifiers, the detection range can be extended to hundreds of kilometers. That makes this technology a prime candidate for covert and low-cost monitoring of national borders.