نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1391)

The village management in Iran first started emphasizing on a top-down development and in recent years – especially after establishing social working assigned to rural regions – through popularizing the new management methods as an efficient participatory and native ways, it has turned the attention to the bottom-up development and spontaneous and local management. And the movement from traditional management to the new management with the extensive presence of governmental organizations for dealing with the villagers’ affairs instead of managing the affairs by local governors had different and sometimes contradictory effects in a way that we sometimes witness them in some villages. Polan sub-district is located in Polan district in the border province of Sistan and Baluchestan which was subjected to the trend of managerial structure change and it has been under the investigation having six villages as the statistical population. In this article, which has been conducted through descriptive – analytical method, we are going to find the answer to this hypothesis that managerial structure change leads to functions and developmental infrastructure changes at village levels. Based on the research requirements, the library and survey studying were employed and the data were presented in tables, maps, charts, and graphs. Then, the analyses and conclusions were obtained via SPSS software and statistical tests. The use of comprehensive interview – based on the hypotheses and theoretical views – and the apparent non-participatory observing provided the most of the information for the researchers. Finally, the consequences of village management techniques’ change were analyzed using the ideas of statistical population; at the end the hypothesis was confirmed. Therefore, economic performances were significantly declined and the social-cultural performances of village community were changed following the structural changes of managerial techniques.

Protecting the vast sea borders of Islamic Republic of Iran in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea requires the use of equipment with fast performance for border guards’ success on missionary duties. In this regard, the optimal use of fast marine vessels, improving the performance and enhancing operational power of these floats are of great importance; and one of the most important factors that reduces the operational power of marine vessels, especially fast marine floats, is the issue of moss and sticky algae growth on the body of the floats. As such, due to increasing weight and edge height, increasing friction between the float body and water surface, increasing fuel consumption, reducing speed and maneuverability, successive ducking and undocking needs, and removing the float out of service it leads to the cost and energy consumption for cleaning, body damage, and repainting need. Through the use of relevant literature review this attempt tries to investigate the ways of improving the operational power of fast floats using the nanotechnology. The results of this study indicate that different technologies have long been used to solve this problem. But, with the advent of nanotechnology the ways for improving anti-moss coating with higher efficiency and environmentally friendly have been paved. The use of the epoxy-based Nano-composites containing ZnO nanoparticles on the body of the Ra’d 40 fast float and different operational evaluations showed the high performance Nano-composite coating in moss growth prevention, and thus the operational power of the float has been significantly improved via overcoming algae growth problems.

The most important issue of the present era that human being is faced with is the comprehensive development. Although many opportunities have been created in the twentieth century as a result of the scientific and technological revolution, there still exists a population of almost one sixth of the world that live on less than a dollar a day. The development is a difficult and complicated process but people should not be disappointed in achieving it. As many underdeveloped countries of the world have been able to achieve a secure social and economic development during the last fifty years. Many of these countries have had good achievements in the economic, health, and educational fields. In some of them, the national income per capita in the past (early 1960s) has fifty times increased. The growth rate that is unprecedented in human history. Therefore, the rapid and continuous development was considered unattainable dreams and desires, but it is an attainable reality. Consideration towards all the features and capabilities of a country is one of the secrets of success in this direction. In addition to the border areas’ economic importance, their development is security necessity. The direct and interactive effects of development and security in the border areas are crystal clear. Thus, the economic development of border areas and the increase in welfare and economic income of frontiers through healthy economic activities supported by government investment have a positive impact on border security work. On the other hand, increasing the healthy economic activities and governments investment in border areas, just in case that there is not a considerable economic difference in both sides of the borders, can also have a positive impact on the borders’ interactive functions. The Razi Market, which is investigated in this study, was established in the neighboring province of Wan in Turkey in Razi border village based on the signed protocol between Iran and Turkey in 1988 for conducting the border operations by Pilehvaran and frontiers. But, due to the lack of control over imports and exports by the customs it was closed in 1989 and re-opened in 1990. The authors of this study, which has been conducted in descriptive – analytical method, by investigating the Razi border market in during the years of its activity, are after this question whether the establishment of Khoy border Market was effective in border areas’ development after starting its activities again.

The quality of living is one of the most important scope of rural and city studies in different countries. It is important because of the continuous importance of living quality studies in stabilizing general policies and their role as an efficient tool in rural management and planning. The environment quality includes the natural and man-made atmosphere in different common social and economic dimensions, which involve objective rates resulting from physical environment (natural and man-made) and mental rates (cognitive, sensory, and environmental) resulting from users and residents; in fact the higher quality means users and residents’ more satisfaction with the environment. In this regard, the rural and urban regions are considered as the study-required environment related to life quality. Environment quality improvement has been one of the main goals of individuals, groups and the government in recent decades. This study has been conducted via questionnaire-based survey method. The main aim of this study was to measure the life quality related variables and the degree of their effects on the border region security of Siahrood in Jolfa, East Azerbaijan. In order to analyze the variables and to investigate their conditions and effects on border regions security the Regression Correlation Coefficient has been employed. The results of this study indicate that the environment quality condition in the region of the study was not appropriate considering the sample population views and among the variables of the study the environmental quality and physical quality were effective on border regions security.

The concepts globalization, global orientation, and being globalized should be considered as the most important phenomenon that have effected the human life at the present era. In this vein, all of the cities try to connect to the global cities network for getting benefit of globalization privilege. In this regard, the border cities are not the exceptions and regarding their geopolitical conditions they require a special planning. West Azerbaijan Province is undoubtedly one of the most important provinces of the country for being neighbor with Turkey, Azerbaijan Republic (Autonomous Region of Nakhjavan) and also for its sensitive geopolitical and geostrategic position as the entrance gate and the communicative bridge between Iran and Europe. In this study, using descriptive – analytic method and library studies, an attempt was made to address the importance of border cities’ globalization and its role in border regions’ security and development. The findings indicate that the economic, political, and military communication and cooperation with neighboring countries, solving the existing problems in the region, absorbing the domestic and foreign investments, providing infrastructures, and reinforcing backup services (banking, official, communication, …) have a significant role in border cities’ development and stability of security in these regions and this can help the border cities in joining to global cities’ network and their continuous flourishing.

This article examines the implications of trans-border crime on the socioeconomic development of developing societies. The phenomenal rise in money laundering and drug trafficking and other trans-border crimes within the West African sub region has generated much concerns to scholars and policy makers. The paper which is essentially library research argues that trans-border crime is growing in scale and momentum without a corresponding clear and coordinated strategy for dealing with this hydra-headed monster in the sub-region. These significantly affect the economies of developing societies and possess the capacity of undermining and fueling insecurity across the globe. Organized criminal activities affect our join security and the stability of the region and economies and core democratic values. We concluded that the extent and magnitude of the problem necessitate a definitive strategy within the broad frame of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) a sub-regional body to deal with it. This may also involve public-private partnerships.