فصلنامه اخلاق پزشکی
پیاپی 34 (زمستان 1394)

The correct patient identification is a key step in performing Safe therapeutic procedures for patients and Nurses’ professional commitment has an important impact on improving patient care. This study examines the Relationship between Nurses professional commitment and patient Misidentification. This is a cross-sectional, correlational study. Through a stratified sampling method, 300 nurses were selected. Data were collected by a three-part questionnaire consisted of demographic data, Misidentification and Nurses Professional Commitment questionnaire. Data were analyzed on SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The participants were between 22-50 years old and the majority of them was women (86.7%) and married (64%). The mean score for Patient Misidentification was 9 (Low) for each nurses in past 3 months and it was 86 (Committed) for Nurses Professional Commitment and there was significant relationship between Patient Misidentification and Nurses Professional Commitment (p<0/049). The incidence of patient Misidentification by Committed Nurses indicates on Inevitability of the error. Therefore,making strategies to reporting errors and get help from other members of the care team can help in preventing and reducing errors.

Occupational errors are inevitable in all jobs. Preparing health service in healthcare centers integrates with risk resulted from occurrence of medical errors for receivers. Occurrence of medical errors in healthcare centers is very important due to sensitive nature it has for health and safety of patients. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers of the lack of error reporting by nurses.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The studied population was nurses and nurse assistants who were working in Hospitals of Kerman. Barriers of error reporting by nurses were measured by using Likert five-point scale. Data were analyzed using by SPSS 17.

Results related to lack of reporting medical errors are associated to managerial area (3.67±1.07), fear of reporting outcomes (3.56±1.08), moral factors (3.51±1.03), reporting processes (3.26±1.11) and environmental factors (3.3±1.05) respectively. Also, there was no significant relation between education, type of ward, type of employment (official, contractual) and type of hospital and lack of errors reporting via nurses (P>0/05).

It is essential to managers do a serious action in terms of priorities toward removing barriers and reducing error reporting, and attempt to improve patient safety culture.

Moral metacognition reflects knowledge of persons from moral nature, principles and processes. Moral metacognition is affected by variables such as moral reasoning, moral behavior and general health. The aim of this research was investigate the relationship of nurses moral reasoning, moral behavior and general health with their moral metacognition. This is a descriptive analytical study of correlation. The statistical population were included all nurses in hospitals of 15 Khordad and Shahid Mofatteh in Varamin suburb in 2014. Totally 90 nurses were selected through simple random sampling. All of them completed the questionnaires of moral reasoning, moral behavior, general health and moral metacognition. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression by using of SPSS-19. There is positive and significant relationship between moral reasoning (r=0/35), moral behavior (r=0/42) and general health (r=0/29) with moral metacognition (p≤0/01). In a predicted model, moral behavior, general health and moral reasoning predicted 37/2 percent of moral metacognition. The share of moral behavior was higher compare to other variables. According to findings, moral behavior, general health and moral reasoning were the most important predictors of moral metacognition. Therefore, it is suggested that planners and counselors consider the symptoms of these variables and design appropriate programs to promoting of the nurses moral metacognition.

Abortion tourism is one of the ethical and legal challenges draw the attention of academia both in the field of empirical and human science. The most remarkable fact in these studies is the deep differences among scholars reflected in the wide range of absolute permission to absolute ban. As a result, the approach of legal systems for or against abortion has been diverse and different and, in some cases, contradictory laws have been passed in regards to this field. This Article tries to study legal tourism in the context of abortion in perspective of ethics and law, and analyses how to address this issue in the light of private international rules, systematically. Legal tourism can be interpreted as a skullduggery so that such an act is not identified under the law that is normally applied. In order to prevent this act, some legal system limit the privileges related to the abortion to their own citizens. The freedom of movement enables persons to become free from applicable laws where they reside, while their acts become the subject of a foreign law which has more advantages to them. This act which is called legal tourism is the illusion of a family from the country where they reside and bans abortion to temporarily stay in another country which permits abortion. Abortion tourism leads to the enforcement of laws of the country that permit it, instead of the law that bans it, while the latter is normally applicable. Moreover, ethical considerations that surround the abortion make the application of the rules of conflict difficult and challenging.

Since, fetal reduction is the result of advances in science and medical technology in the field of infertility treatment and had not previously been the case; therefore there is no religious or juridical law for it. Infertility specialists obligation to carry out such medical procedures, follows juridical and legal challenges that weather essentially, the action of the physician has civil, criminal and legal responsibilities or not.Thus, according to the importance and urgency of the issue of fetal reduction and the need to be aware of the rights, duties and responsibilities associated with it, in this paper, we try to investigate issues of three doctor's responsibility, from action to reduce fetal in Iran context.Accordingly, the first, embryo reduction definition, a variety of common methods and approach of the legal system of other countries on this issue is explained and then, the physician responsibilities under of each of the following three responsibilities of civil, criminal and disciplinary, related to the action of fetal reduction is discussed.

The survival of children with chronic disease has increased in recent years, and focusing on their quality of life, instead of immediate interventions is recommended. This cross - correlation study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual attitude and hope with the quality of life of adolescents with chronic disease and special needs. The research population consisted of 134 adolescents with chronic disease and special needs, who were hospitalized in different wards of or visited in clinics of the Children’s Medical Center, the Cancer Institute, the Mofid and the Masih Daneshvari hospitals. 134 adolescents were selected using the convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion criteria of the study. The data collection tools included "the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire", "Adolescents’ Spiritual Attitude Scale", "Adolescents’ Hope Scale" and "Children’s Quality of life Checklist". The reliability and validity of these scales were examined. The data were analyzed with the SPSS19 software using descriptive tests, the Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis. In this study, 134, 13-18 years old adolescents with chronic disease were studied with a mean±SD age of 15/03±2/03. The majority of the research samples (56/7%) were male. The majority of the samples (41%) were adolescents with chronic respiratory disorders, who were hospitalized in the wards. Aaverage spiritual attitude was 163/8±45/21 for boys and 166/52±27/17 for girls. The mean of hope was 83/61±17/8 in boys and 83/83±18/8 in girls, and the average quality of life was 62/05±16/16 in boys and 67±15/02 in girls. There was not significant relationship between the study variables and sex, but there was negative significant relationship between age and spiritual attitude (r=-0/245, p<0/05). Spiritual attitude (p<0/05, r=0/184), and hope (p<0/05, r=0/176) had a significant positive relationship with the quality of life. There was also a significant positive relationship between spiritual attitude and hope (p<0/05, r=0/406). The regression analysis showed spirituality, kind of admission and father education, can explain 14/6% of the changes in the quality of life. The findings indicates that issues such as purposefulness in life, belief in God, and optimism, as constituents of spiritual attitude and hope, can improve the quality of life of adolescents with chronic disease.

Euthanasia, abortion and organ transplantation are three classical issues in medical ethics which raise challenges in terms of medical, legal, ethical and juridical, that specialists in each field, forced to find solutions and response to them. Among these, the debate on euthanasia that is concerned with end of life care is very important. Because, many countries are attempting to legitimize this practice and it is now being done in some countries, legally. This paper try to review Euthanasia in terms of religion based Deontology in Islam, according to some of the most important principles of ethics. In this study, we have shown that no kinds of euthanasia could not be allowed based on principles of Islamic ethics.