فصلنامه اثر
پیاپی 57 (تابستان 1391)

Planning and building of Iran historical monuments have been doing in respect to the techniques and architectural vast knowledge. Therefore, the dimensions and measures of the monument are of great importance. They are based upon different factors and are done with great care and intelligence. Gaz, as a prevalent unit of measurement was in every historical architecture epochs of Iran. It played a great role of significance. However nowadays, its function is abolished in Iran. That’s why Gaz’s status and influence in planning and structure of historical monuments is ignored. This essay confirms the important role and function of Gaz in building and planning of Iran historical monuments. Besides, the article introduces the Gaz and depicts its properties. In the end the article points out some patterns of architectural figures and stuffs which have exact measurements at Gaz.

The topic of the article is to introduce a workshop that with the application of prominent engraving creation was discovered by the author for the first time in the suburb of ‹‹Nava›› near Amol city in Mazandaran province in 2008. in this study, some inscription were also identified for the first time in Mazandaran that their themes include simple and plain pictures of animals and humans, script and unique ideogram this article with introduction of the research method and study style endeavors to deal with the circumstances in the creation of a work that probably appeared, like other identified prominent engravings, with the aim of portrayal and record of events and occasions with the tools of stone and rock carving by engravers, but this creation was aborted due to some reasons. This article also determines the ego of the above-mentioned work through presentation of the key subjects of dating and historiography like the use of horses in hunt, the discovered earthenware, Kufic script and so on. The title of the article is chosen ‹‹ a ruined engraving ›› because the natural effect of the spring below the workshop is one of the reasons for the unfulfilled work of stonemasons in the creation of the above-mentioned prominent engraving in Amol.

Architectural ornaments as the final coverage of a building’s wall, explain the relationship between identity and the body, and because over time the spiritual position of a body, in the consumer societies change, structural changes can be found With the finest and most accurate mode in this objectivity part of the buildig and trace the witness of diversity of this part of the body in the Root and Totality of the building, so we review that, in remaining monuments in historical site and city of Semiran and by carefule study of features and decorative details such as: Material, size, form, style and technology, and its implementation compared with other Contemporary monuments across the country, review and the position and importance of monument on each period

Ilam state befor ghajar time had been a small part of lor atabak great domain where they had ruled their government in the capital named: khoram abad. When ghajar had received the throne and agha mohammad khan became the king this territory divided into two parts:poshtkooh(ilam) and pishkooh(lorestan).(12101304.h.) At the same time following some political and social changes valiant poshtkooh who were independent rulers received the power shone in irans history and played an important role in the following social political and specially cultural changes in ilam some of their deeds had been recorded on petrographs which are such important documents of the mysterious history of the mentioned century.some petrographs had been found in ilam state capital of valis and specially the present city of ilam which are belonged to vali rulers and all of them contain the summery of the architecture developments of the two poshtkoohs powerful valies rulers hossein gholi khan abu ghadareh and his son gholam reza khan. The most important petrograph of the above had been found in the distance of 28 k.m to the south of the present ilam city and 50 m. from northwest of the road to mehran city in a place called takhte khan or takhte khatoon.this petrograph is the longest and the most beautiful one receive to the present time from ghola mreza khan the last ruler of valiant dynasty which is a kind of family tree for valiant fili dynasty. this petrograph contains the valiant fili dynasty information like their names descents the time of their ruler ship their positions their burial places and some of their architectural developments during their lives. the above is research on the mentioned valuable documents of valiant dynasty of poshtkooh.

Badgir as a traditional structure is one part of historic building and it is near domical ceiling of cistern in hot-arid and hot-humid zones in Iran.Its main function is leading the out air to inside of building, cooling the air and creating the natural air progress. The most important advantage of badger is natural cooling without using electric energy. This essay is presented in two parts. The first part notes to function and identification. The second part notes to the other form of badger as a sharing wind tower at Ab Mahi house in Kashan. Indeed, these kind of badger don’t work like ordinary badgirs that depend to one space or one house.In this example, Ab Mahi house doesn’t seem to have badger in it’s appearance but there are ventilation and natural cooling in the main spaces with channels that are located in the walls. These channels are diverged from main channel of Abmahi house ‘s neighbor. This progress is explained with more details in this essay. Sharing wind tower shows the humanism sense of people whose house are near each other. Because of unsuitable conditional of wealth,they use sharing wind tower to reduce the cost of badger construction.

Anubanini is one of the oldest reliefs of Iran, which is carved in Mian-Kal Mountain near by the Sarpol-e Zahab city, 2000 years ago. It is ordered by the Zagros tribe inhabit king, called Lullubi.. This monument suffered huge human induced damages by gunshot during the war period. The present research is too classified and introduces the human induced damages by geotechnical and engineering documents. This is achieved by “filtering out” physical details that are not relevant to the analysis process but understanding and inspecting the failure mechanisms. The mechanical damages are cause of discontinuing and degradation of the sound rock. Which potentially are active zones for weather and erosion process? Therefore, the case is the most important from the point of conservation view.

One of the least known constructions from Ghaznavid period is the minaret of Sultan Mas’ud III at Ghazni about which as yet there has been no detailed publication. The earliest evidence on this minaret is a sketch published by the English traveller G.T. Vigne who visited Ghazni in 1836, the veracity of which was later corroborated by a photograph made in 1880. In fact, the present work is the first detailed report on the minaret. This paper refrains from entering into the discussion concerning the reasons behind its construction, and instead focuses on describing and comparing its plan and inscriptions with other related monuments. The brick upper part of the minaret of Sultan Mas’ud includes five vertical panels with different and various Kufic inscriptions. These inscriptions clearly reflect the religious beliefs of its builders. The endless repeat of interlocking Kufic is another characteristic of the minaret. The content of the interlocking Kufici nscriptionsis invariably religious, with this one exception of Mas’ud’s minaret. It is probable that once there existed a religious building next to this minaret, a hypothesis that must be tested by excavation. The question of whether or not this monument was a minaret in the true sense of the word, “the place where the call to prayer is given,” is left open in this paper.