فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 32، زمستان 1394)

This study aims at setting an initial test on spouse's rational beliefs according to the theoretical foundations of Islam. For studying Islamic sources content analysis was used, and for assessing the validity and reliability of the test a survey based on random stratified choice, and the population sample consists of 100 scholars and seminarians of Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute in the academic year 1393-1394. The initial test on spouse's rational beliefs dimed to examine financial, sexual, communicative, conflict resolution and supportive is based on Islamic sources. The 95/5 and 94 /5 percent approval of experts to the components and items shows the content validity of this test. The meaningful and positive correlation of the test (0 /26) r =<0/01, 01p) with the test on the beliefs about the relations between spouses indicate the criterion validity of this test. Moreover, the high correlation of the components with the whole test confirms the construct validity. The internal consistency of the questionnaire checked through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0/92) proves the reliability of the test. In split half, the alpha coefficients of the first half is 0 /86 and the coefficient of the second half is 0/89. The correlation coefficient between the two halves is 0/77 and the coefficient of Guttmann split-half is 0/86. Therefore, this test is quite valid and reliable.

Human growth and development is gradual and stepwise. Man’s mental structure, characteristics and behavior differ in each stage of life. Knowledge of these stages is important because it can help us to define and to design certain types of training and to use different training principles and methods. Many scientists have focused their research on investigating and identifying these steps. Therefore, analysis of this issue in religious texts and identifying the stages of human development and growth from the perspective of religion is of great importance for the scientific and religious community. This research deals with the division, staging and description of age and life in religious texts. The findings show that religion divides human life into three stages and nine sub-stages. The stage of initial weakness includes the sub-stages of development inside the womb, breast feeding, pre-discretion and discretion stage. The stage of strengths comprises adolescence, youth and middle age, and the stage of secondary weakness includes old age and Arzal al-Omr (the vilest state of life).

This study aims to examine the Islamic position from wealth and beauty in spouse selection from the choice of marriage partner and their relationship with marital satisfaction. To this end, using a theoretical analytical method and resting on Islamic sources, this paper reviews the position of wealth and beauty in the choice of marriage partner. Then, the relationship between the variables in the research is investigated and predicted by using a descriptive correlation-regression method. In the academic year 91-92, 273 teachers were chosen from among 750 teachers in Qom through stratified cluster sampling. Jadiri and Janbozorgy questionnnare on marital satisfaction and researcher-developed inventory on spouse selection criteria were used for the assessment. T-test and correlation test as well as SPSS21 software were used for analyzing the data. The results show that in Islam, wealth and beauty are taken into account in the choice of marriage partner, but faith, morality and having offspring have priority in this regard and that there is no relationship between marital satisfaction and giving priority to wealth and beauty in the first six years of spouses married life) p> 0/5(.

This study is a semi-pilot research conducted on a control group on the basis of pre-test and post-test planning, the aim of which is to investigate the effectiveness of group spiritual therapy approach on increasing the resilience degree of the female high school students in Isfahan. The population sample consists of all the female high school students of Isfahan for the academic year 1392-1393 school. The sample comprises 30 students who were randomly chosen through available sampling and divided into two groups: a test group (15 students) and a control group (15 students). The test group attended twelve therapy sessions. Then, the two groups took part in pre-test and post-test sessions in which Connor and Davidson questionnaire on resilience was distributed. The statistical method of co-variance analysis and SPSS software were used for analyzing the data. The findings of research show that the group spiritual therapy at a meaningful level (P<0.05) is effective in increasing students’ resilience.

In psychology spiritual studies are among the basic questions and increasing attention is given to this question by many countries. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on the increase in resilience among students. From among all the students of Samma Technical College of Kermanshah, 50 students were chosen through a simple random sampling and divided into: a test group (24 students) and a control group (26 students). The experimental research which was in the form of pre-test and post-test was conducted on control group. The test group took part in ten group spiritual therapy sessions. Connor and Davidson questionnaire on resilience was used for gathering the data. Statistical Covariance method was used for analyzing the data. The results show that there is a significant difference between the average grade of resilience of the test group and control group in the post-test and the variant control in the pre-test. Given the research results, we can conclude that group spiritual therapy is significantly effective in increasing students’ resilience.

The aim of this research is to investigate the efficiency of cultivating Islamic spirituality in reducing existential anxiety. The research project is a kind of semi-pilot survey conducted on a control group who sat a pre-test and a post-test. The population sample consists of female students at the first level of high school in Kermanshah for the academic year 1392-93(solar). They were chosen from among the students of one high school through a cluster sampling method. From among 120 students, 30 students were chosen for the survey. They were suffering from existential anxiety with a grade under the cutting line in the Scale of existential anxiety arena. They were divided into two groups: a test group (15 students) and a control group (15 students). The test group were offered 5 ninety-minute training sessions on spirituality according to an Islamic approach. After the training sessions, the two groups sat an existential anxiety arena test. A univariate co-variance analysis (ANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data. The obtained results show that there is a significant difference between the test group and the control group with regard to existential anxiety, that is, cultivating Islamic spirituality has a practical effect on reducing existential anxiety.

This study aims to expound adherence to Islamic beliefs and interpersonal (marital) conflict management styles as predictors of divorce among the couples petitioning for divorce. In this descriptive-correlational study, 278 people who visit counseling centers located in the 7th region of municipality of Tehran were chosen through available sampling. The data collection techniques are: marriage instability index (MII), self-rating scale of adherence to Islamic beliefs and the inventory of interpersonal conflict management styles, (ICMSI). Pearson correlation and regression analysis (multiple regression) were used for analyzing the data. The findings show that practical adherence to Islamic beliefs is one of the predictors of divorce, and marital conflict management styles can be a good predictor of divorce (P <0/01).

This research aims to investigate the relationship of religious education and spiritual intelligence with the degree of student's resilience. The population sample consists of all the students of Kashan University in the academic year 92-93 (solar). 228 students were chosen by means of classified sampling. The research techniques are: Allport questionnaire on religious orientation, a questionnaire on spiritual intelligence and Scale of Resilience. The results show that the inner religious orientation has a significant positive relationship with spiritual intelligence and degree of student's resilience and there is no significant relationship between female students and male students concerning religious orientation, spiritual intelligence and resilience. Furthermore, there is a significant difference between students and researchers in religion concerning the inner and outer religious orientation, but in as far as spiritual intelligence and degree of resilience are concerned, no difference is detected between these two groups. The results of regression analysis show that spiritual intelligence has the most contribution to the interpretation of student's resilience. Finally, we can concluded that those who have inner religious orientation; that is, they do not pretend to be pious merely out of selfish interest, and those with high spiritual intelligence have high resilience.