فهرست مطالب

Clinical Neuroscience Journal - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

International Clinical Neuroscience Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/07/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Alireza Zali Pages 81-86
    The setting of rehabilitation for patients with spinal cord injured is promising environment. Attending the new strategies is useful to promote the treatment and the patient's ability. This method has a huge challenge for patients encountered with cognitive impairment. Patient education and skills at the rehabilitation center can be a challenging endeavor. By rehabilitation, patients suddenly evolve and they have to enhance the cognitive capacity to survive environmental changes face dramatic. These proceedings help the independence, self-esteem of the patients and help them cope with illness and life.
  • Hamideh Esmailpour, Ali Esteki, Afsoun Seddighi Pages 87-90
    Background and
    Purpose
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that gives rise to a number of unpleasant symptoms that can be difficult to manage by conventional means. There are some aspects of MS-related disability which can be improved by using Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS); particularly movement disorders, such as tremor. The research aim is to study the effect of DBS on MS tremor with a quantitative approach.
    Methods
    Raw tremor data was provided by the Surgical Center for Movement Disorders at the University of British Columbia, Canada. The hand tremor signal was collected on 8 MS subjects and 10 healthy individuals during finger-to-nose test (FNT) by using motion analysis system. Patients executed the FNT with DBS OFF and ON. Nonlinear and statistical features were extracted from tremor spectrum as tremor indexes. Tremor reduction by using DBS was determined by classifying mentioned features into three groups of healthy, DBS ON and DBS OFF.
    Results
    Several dominant peaks were observed in power spectrum of the recorded signals which indicate MS tremor consists of several tremor subtypes due to different sites of demyelinating lesions affecting cerebellum and its output pathways. Results of frequency analysis revealed tremor spectrum dominant frequency in healthy group was significantly greater than for the patients with DBS ON and OFF (p<0.05). Additionally, classification results demonstrated that tremor of 6 patients out of 8 decreased significantly when their DBS was ON.
    Conclusion
    Overall, in 75% of patients with MS who suffered from tremor, thalamic DBS significantly reduced their tremor. In addition, power spectrum dominant frequency has high potential for a quantitative and objective measure of MS tremor.
    Keywords: Deep Brain Stimulation, MS tremor, classification, nonlinear analysis
  • Farzad Ashrafi, Behdad Behnam, Mehran Arab Ahmadi, Hossein Pakdaman, Shafa Mohammad Ali Pages 91-96
    Background and
    Purpose
    The increased risk for cognitive defects in individuals affected by metabolic syndrome especially in those patients with cardiovascular disorders is now claimed. We aimed to assess the relationship between cognitive performance and the various components of metabolic syndrome.
    Methods
    One hundred and eighteen consecutive individuals aged 30 to 86 years were included into this cross-sectional survey. The metabolic syndrome and its definitive components were defined according to the definition described in the Framingham Heart Study by NCEP ATP III criteria. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) questionnaire was employed to cognitive screening.
    Results
    Those patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly lower mean MOCA score compare to the group without metabolic syndrome (19.11 ± 5.49 versus 21.28 ± 4.56, p = 0.021). Among all cognition sub domains, the mean attention score was significantly lower in the group with metabolic syndrome than in another group. In a multivariate linear regression model adjusting sex and age variables showed that the presence of metabolic syndrome could effectively predict cognitive impairment (beta = -2.202, SE = -0.214, p = 0.013).
    Conclusion
    The presence of metabolic syndrome can be mainly related to damaging cognition especially impairing the power of attention.
    Keywords: Cognitive function, Metabolic syndrome, MoCA
  • Afsaneh Zarghi Pages 97-100
    Mind is mysterious and complex. Thoughts were transferred from one mind to the other mind by cognitive domains and senses. The scientific information is based on observation and analysis, and research may benefit the most through initial real information. We have a virtual area in mind; this area can help us for cognition of patients even if they do not speak. Physicians, nurses, therapists, care givers can understand thought of patients with mind reading for the successful treatment. Hence it shows the need for a modern approach to the mind reading in medical science for novel treatment.
    Keywords: Patients, Mind reading, Cognition
  • Akbar Hamzei Moghaddam, Farhad Iranmanesh, Mohamah Ali Shafa, Reza Hamzei Moghaddam, Hadi Eslami Pages 101-104
    Background and
    Purpose
    The relationship between uric acid and stroke recurrence is ambiguous. Some studies have explored this relationship in acute ischemic stroke but had different results. We evaluated the association of admission uric acid level with risk of stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke.
    Methods
    We studied ischemic stroke patients presenting to our hospital with Magnetic Resonance Imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke. Blood samples were drawn within 24 h of admission for uric acid concentration. Information on age, prior hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and smoking status was collected. We assessed the relationship between uric acid level and stroke recurrence at 90 days after stroke onset.
    Results
    Two hundred patients were studied. Twenty-seven patients suffered from a recurrence event. Hyperuricemia was found in 48 (24%) patients. Mean serum uric acid level in patients with recurrence was 6.6±1.3 and in patients without recurrence was 5.2±1.5 mg/dl. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the independent relationship between higher uric acid level levels and recurrence was confirmed (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.73; p=0.01).
    Conclusion
    Elevated uric acid concentration is significantly and independently associated with increased risk of stroke recurrence in ischemic stroke patients.
    Keywords: Uric acid, Stroke, Recurrence
  • Ali Gomar, Abdolkarim Hosseini, Naser Mirazi, Mojtaba Gomar Pages 105-110
    Background
    The spice Zingiber officinale or ginger possesses antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects. In this study we hypothesized that treatment with hydroethanolic extract of ginger (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) would effect on the hyoscine-induced memory impairment in rats.
    Methods
    In this experimental study 64 male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (rats in each group): normal saline, hyoscine (1 mg/kg), ginger extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), or hyoscine (1 mg/kg) plus ginger extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Memory impairment was induced by a single injection of hyoscine (1 mg/kg, i.p). Cognitive functions were evaluated using passive avoidance learning (PAL) task. Retention test was carried out 24 h after training, and the latency of entering the dark compartment [step-through latency (STL)] and the total time in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded. All statistical analysis was carried out at 5% level of significance using SPSS version 21. The data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.
    Results
    The time latency in hyoscine-treated group was lower than control 133.87±14.60 vs. 242.12±10.58; p<0.001, respectively). Treatment of the animals by 100 and 200 mg/kg of ginger extract before the training trial increased the time latency at 24 h after the training trial (277±4.67 and 280.37±7.68; p<0.01, respectively). Administration of both 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the extract in hyoscine received animal groups before retention trials also increased the time latency than the hyoscine-treated groups (247.37±7.62 and 271.87±9.11; p 0.001, respectively).
    Conclusion
    The results revealed that the ginger hydroethanolic extract attenuated hyoscineinduced memory impairment.
    Keywords: Memory, Alzheimer, Ginger, Scopolamine, Rat
  • Afsoun Seddighi, Amir Saied Sedighi, Mohammad Ali Fazeli Pages 111-113
    A case of direct carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) after closed head injury is presented. A 22-year-old male presented to the emergency department of Shohada Tajrish Hospital with the chief complaint of blurred vision and pulsatile retro-orbital headache. The patient had closed head injury due to car accident 2 month ago with lower limb fracture. After a 2-week symptom-free period, he developed scalp and right facial tingling, along with pulsatile retro-orbital headache and vision problems. His vital signs were within normal limits, but on primary evaluation the patient orbital and carotid bruits could be recognized. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested the carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, which was confirmed by brain angiographic imaging findings. Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an uncommon condition that is usually caused by head trauma but can advance spontaneously in about one fourth of patients with CCF. The connection between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus leads to increased pressure in the cavernous sinus and compression of its contents, and finally advances the clinical symptoms and signs seen. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluationand neuroimaging techniques. The target of management is to decrease the pressure within the cavernous sinus, which results in gradual recovery of symptoms.
  • Guive Sharifi, Anahita Zoghi, Fereshteh Ghadiri, Mohammad Halajnejad Pages 114-116
    Meningiomas are rare tumors of posterior fossa. Delayed intracranial hemorrhage is a rare complication of surgeries in this territory. Herein, we report a case of status epilepticus asa result of delayed motor cortex hemorrhage, complicating resection of a meningioma arising from foramen magnum.
    Keywords: meningioma, foramen magnum, hemorrhage