مجله پژوهش پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 39 (زمستان 1394)

Occupational stress, in addition to reducing the quantity and quality of patient care, and creating physical and psychological problems in nurses, can be costly for organizations. The aim of this study was to evaluate occupational stress and its dimensions in nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2014-15.

In this descriptive study, 212 nurses working in four hospitals affiliated to the university were selected through Quota Sampling in two steps. Data collection instruments were a questionnaire with demographic and clinical information and a standard questionnaire, Osipow Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ) with six dimensions. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models with SPSS version 19.

The findings showed that the majority of nurses (67.5%) showed normal occupational stress, and 15.6% showed no stress. Furthermore, 15.1% and 1.9% of the nurses reported moderate and severe occupational stress, respectively. The results of linear regression analyses showed that the type of hospital ward was the most important variable in correlation with the nurses’ occupational stress and its dimensions, except for the physical environment dimension (P < 0.05, β= 0.16-0.34).

The results show that there is still a group of nurses who needs special support. Nursing managers could plan, based on the ward type, to implement measures to help nurses reach an optimal level of stress. Maybe this would improve the quality of nursing care for patients and health promotion in nurses.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is an essential form of human intelligence and one of the most important factors for career success and social and it is deemed essential for effective nursing practice. The aim of this research was to assess emotional intelligence nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Yazd. This research study was a descriptive cross sectional. The statistical populations consisted of all nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Yazd were studying in the academic year 1388-89, in which number of 116 selected by Stratified randomly. Data was collected with questionnaire، the questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and the Bar On emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Data was analyzed by SPSS16 software using the t-test to compare the means between groups and Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and some personal traits (average grade point and age). The mean and standard deviation of emotional intelligence total score the mean and standard deviation was 331. 28±35. 05. There was significant correlation between the emotional intelligence and average (p=0. 05). No significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and age and gender. The results showed that emotional intelligence of nursing student is desirable, but considering the nature of the nursing profession and is that high emotional intelligence indicating better management self and others emotions and establish appropriate relationships with them is therefore to achieve higher levels plans should be considered and create a learning environment to improve the students emotional intelligence.

Critical appraisal and optimal use of the article’s findings need to be clear and appropriate during the reporting of the studiers. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, is a relatively new statement in order to improve the quality of reporting of observational studies. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of reporting nested case-control studies according to the STROBE statement. In a cross-sectional study we conducted a literature search in these databases SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedex and Google Scholar using the”nested case-control study and “nested” keywords. We found 1302 articles in the first step. After excluding duplicates and irrelevant articles, 96 articles remained in the study. Finally, with inclusion criteria, including an article with nested case-control study design in the Persian language and publish after publication of the STROBE statement, only 10 articles remained for assessment. The total compliance with the STROBE statement was 65%. The title, abstract and introduction of the articles showed a good quality, but the missing data, confounding factors and sensitivity analyses indicated a poor quality. The quality of reporting nested case-control studies were fairly good. Using STROBE statement for better reporting is recommended by the researches.

Depression, anxiety and stress are common problems among university student. The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship of experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity with mental and general health in nursing university student. This is a descriptive in the context of the cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study was, all of nursing university student studying in an academic year (2013-2014) at Esfahan University of Medical Sciences. 191 students were selected through convenience sampling method. Tools used in this study were Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), acceptance and action questionnaire edition 2, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS). For data analysis and 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Dates were analyzed with using of Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression. For data analysis, IBM SPSS 21 software were used. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between experiential avoidance, anxiety Sensitivity and depression, anxiety, stress and general health. Multiple regression analysis also showed that experiential avoidance and Anxiety Sensitivity with positive relationship are predictive for mental and general health. Regression analysis showed that the experimental avoidance and anxiety sensitivity can be predict 54% and 34% variance of mental and general health in nursing university students. Based on the finding increasing attention to modify dysfunctional beliefs about anxiety Sensitivity an Education about acceptance in order to reduce experiential avoidance prevention of the psychological problems of students is suggested.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem which is a key goal in managing diabetes is to enable patients to perform self-care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patient in the year 1392. This cross-sectional study was done on 200 patients referred to the Diabetes Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1392. Sampling was simple and based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, health literacy, diabetes self-care behaviors and using SPSS version 16. Data analyzed by using descriptive statistics, frequency tables, statistical tests (t test, ANOVA) and SPSS version 16. Average health literacy score was 71.0 9±14.01, 24% of participants have inadequate, 34% borderline and 42% had adequate health literacy. Average score for health literacy and self-care was 71.09±14.01 and 70.96±13.17. There was no significant association between health literacy and self-care behavior (r= 0.027 and p= 0.705). Health literacy only significantly associated with dimensions diet (p= 0.0003) and adherence to medication regimen (p= 0.004). Since the study results showed no significant relationship between health literacy and self-care, teaching of this two concepts and inclusion in the school resources to improve public health proposed.

Parents are the first providers of psychological and physical needs of the children, and the role of father in fulfillment of these needs is clear. Periodical absence of a man due to offshore work not only affects his spouse but also the children as well. The present study aimed to compare the physical growth status of the children of offshore staff working for Iranian National Drilling Company with based staff.

This is an historical Cohort (retrospective cohort) study in which 80 male and 80 female primary school students of the staff working in Iranian National Drilling Company were selected through random sampling method. Data collection tool was a digital scale and a standard tape meter to measure weight and height of the children. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression through SPSS.

Data analysis showed that mean weight, height and BMI were 137.21 cm, 35.74 kg, and 18.35 among the offshore staff’s children, and 145.8 cm, 43.74 kg and 20.25 in based staff’s children respectively. By use of National Standard growth charts of Iranian Ministry of Health, the number of children with delayed growth was calculated, and compared in both groups. The results showed that the highest frequency in offshore staff group was for the children with normal BMI (42.8%), and in based staff group, it was for the overweight children (52.5%). Meanwhile, the BMI showed no significant difference between the children in offshore and based groups. The percentages of short stature among the children in offshore and based staff groups were 20% and 3.8% respectively, which shows a significant difference.

Based on the findings, fathers’ periodical offshore work is associated with a reduction in children’s height growth, but this association is not significant for BMI.

The work environment for nurses has caused conflict is an inevitable part of the actives them. Therefore, nurses should to think comprehensively about problems and to make decisions independently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management and critical thinking skills in nursing of hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. This is a descriptive correlational study. Study population was nurses working at hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. According Morgan table 337 nurses were selected by random cluster sampling. The instrument used in this study consists of three parts: demographic information questionnaire, the Thomas- Kilmann conflict management questionnaire and California Critical Thinking Skills Test. For data analysis in SPSS 16 was used descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, Anova, t-est, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. in conflict management was the highest average related to the compromise with 18.33 and lowest completion with 12.58.mean of critical thinking skills in nursing was 14.92. The highest average related to the deduction with 7.21 and lowest average related to the analyzing with 4. There was not a significant relationship between critical thinking and conflict management (r=. o41). The results of this research showed the nurses used different styles of conflict management and their critical thinking score is below the average. They need proper training.

The numbers of countries where nurses are legally permitted to prescribe medication have grown considerably over the last two decades. However, in most countries nurse prescribing is new and unfamiliar term. Various factors lead to introducing and developing of this phenomenon in different countries. There is many benefits and challenges in nurse prescribing which their recognition has a particular importance. The aim of this paper was to introduce nurse prescribing for nurses and assess its challenges in experienced countries, to realize nurse prescribing challenges in Iran. This study is a narrative review study that was carried out by review of library and internet resources, and database of Medline, Blackwell, Proquest and CINAHL which cover a wide range of journals and literature. A literature search was conducted using the keywords included "prescribing", "nursing prescribing", "independent prescribing" and "supplementary prescribing" without time limit. About 320 related articles were obtained and finally 40 of them were used to compile this manuscript. The findings of this study are presented in the form of nursing prescription curriculum, the prescription status in different countries, the importance and necessity of prescribing in nursing and its benefits and challenges. Various internal and external factors in health care systems are involved in the introducing and developing nurse prescribing. In countries with successful experiences in nursing prescribing, such as England, the evidence suggests that many benefits to patients, society, and the nursing profession. Considering to Iran’s conditions and post graduate education level for nursing, it is suggested that involved person pay more attention and try to resolved legal issues and prepare appropriate curriculum for nurse prescribing in Iran, at least in pilot study.

Acceptance and commitment therapy is one of the third generations of behavioral therapy and instead of trying to change cognitions, person's Psychological relationship with him thoughts and feelings to rise. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) to reduce the couple burnout of married couples. In the form of a quasi-experimental intervention in the form of pre-posttest control group, 20 couples among couples with marital problems that referred to Rastin counseling and psychological services in the spring of 2015 choice with sampling method and were divided into control and experimental groups randomly (each 10 couples). The study’s instrument was Paynz Couple Burnout 1996. The experiment group received therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for at least twelve weeks of group therapy but for control group treatment was provided. After completed treatment sessions post-test was done from both groups. Data were analyzed by T-difference. Between pre-test (93.60) and post-test scores (78.10) in the experimental group compared with the control group was significantly different (T= -8.32, P<0.01). In other words, intervention based on acceptance and commitment was effective in reducing couple burnout in experiment group. The results show that acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce the couple burnout was effectiveness in married couples. It is recommended that this treatment counselors and family therapists in counseling centers and family education classes in order to solve their marital problems and boost productivity.

Professional identity includes beliefs and values of a nurse that guide her/his thoughts, practice and interaction with patients. Today, increasing the people’s awareness as well as technological developments enhances public request for high-quality care, so the need to have active and professional nurses who have commitment to their professional identity is strongly felt. This article aimed at investigating the related factors in formation of nurses’ professional identity and its challenges. This is a review article that was done in 2015 through searching databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, Google scholar, Ovid, SID and Iranmedex using professional identity, professionalism and identity in nursing keywords and their English equals. Between 88 founded articles, 41 articles were assessed. 88 articles were found and after studying their abstracts, 41 articles were selected to review. Having positive professional identity leads to nurses’ personal, social and professional development and retention in the profession as well. Theoretical and clinical courses compatibility, offering clear and acceptable image of profession, workplace ethical values, clinical authority and power of leadership in healthcare system are among factors that influence the positive professional identity formation. : Nurses need to improve the public image of nursing and achieve stronger position in healthcare systems via increasing their presence in scientific communities. Nursing programs with focus on powering nurses’ professional identity, managers with providing a respectful atmosphere in workplaces and nursing professors with creating a positive image of profession in nursing students have vital role in formation of professional identity.

Hospitalization, surgery and anesthesia are for some children associated with anxiety and could be a frightful experience which may result in later problematic behavior. Different strategies are suggested to reduce the anxiety. EMDR as a non-pharmacological and inexpensive intervention can be used as a complementary technique. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EMDR on pre operative anxiety in children undergoing surgery. In this semi-experimental study, 56 children aged 12-18 years, were categorized into the study and control groups. Each girl subject was matched with a boy of the same age. The study was conducted at Alzahra¸ a Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, in spring and summer, 2013. EMDR was administered for 45 to 60 minutes for the study group. The data gathering instruments were questionnaires which included demographic information and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). The hypothesis was tested with repeated measurement analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, Fisher, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Findings of the study indicated that there was a significant reduction in the anxiety level after intervention in the study group in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). This finding showed that anxiety scores in study group declined after EMDR, compared to patients who hadn’t receive any intervention.

Understanding men`s lived experiences of fathering is necessary to provide knowledge and educational intervention to facilitate transition to parenthood. In this regards, present study designed to explore men’s experiences of fathering in Iran.

This research was a phenomenological study and participations were 17 Iranian men from Qom City, who had one health infant. Depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire were used for data gathering. Data was analyzed with Smith’s Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. Participants were recruited by purposeful sampling method and sampling process continued until the data saturation.

Lived experiences of fathering were categorized in five themes including evolution and change, satisfaction and gladness, conflict and dichotomy, challenge and worry, demands and expectations. Following child birth, fathers perceived entering to a new stage of their life, developing in personal and social domains, Prioritizing child in their life and shifting in attitude toward their wives. On father`s viewpoint, child was a source of pride, love and joyance and known as a cause of improvement in occupational and economic conditions, elevation of men's social status, and stability in family life. Modern believes and traditional behaviors, restriction or freedom, and importance or unimportance of child`s gender were conflicting perceptions that fathers experienced of fathering. Taking distance from self, insufficient supports, paternal responsibilities, isolation in home and difficulties related to the child, were challenges that could have led to higher stress levels in fathers. More supports by society and understanding by wife were father’s expectations.

Fathering was a positive revolution and a satisfactory experience for Iranian men and no one of them expressed dissatisfaction from fathering. Following parenting, fathers experienced conflicts and worries and they expressed need more family and social supports to play better their paternal role and to fulfill difficulties related to fatherhood.

Evidence Based Practice is a one of the competency in nursing that led to the scientific decision for health care. Recognition of barriers from the perspective of students can play a significant role in its development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the student's understanding of the barriers to evidence-based practice. This study was a qualitative- descriptive study. Participants were 28 nursing students in final year who were chosen purposeful. Sampling continued until data saturation. Collection data was conducted by 14 individual interviews and 2 focus groups. All interviews were tape recorded, handwritten, and were analyzed line by line. Conventional content analysis was conducted for data analysis and Max Q data software was used to record interviews and edit data. Most patients were female (72%) and 21-26 years old. Three themes and nine categories were achieved from data analysis. They include cognitive factors (Nursing education programs, quality education and empowerment of teachers), emotional factors (Student motivation and teacher motivation) and implementation factors (Organizational factors, community perspective, time, facilities). Planning for Effective Teaching Evidence-based practice with remove barriers is recommended. In this respect, empower and motivate teachers and students have important roles. Creation of background in clinical practice based on institutional support and facilities can be help to smooth of the path.

Spiritual well-being important role in the health of older people and explain the purpose of life is and increased life expectancy and better quality of life. The current study aimed to Factors related and Spiritual Well-being among elderly referring to city parks of Khalkhal, Iran in 2014.

This cross sectional study was conducted on 376 people over 60 years old in Khalkhal, Iran in 2014. Subjects were randomly selected from among the elderly referred to city parks of Khalkhal. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding Spiritual Well Being and covariates. Data were collected using SWB questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Pearson correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t test, On Way Anova and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The majority of participants were male (% 56/1). The averages of the study population were in age 72/12±9/04 years. Average score for the elderly Religious well-being examined 46/99 ± 6/03 and Existential well being 39/51 ± 6/34 and Spiritual Well-being that comes from both dimensions, 86/51 ± 9/74 respectively. The Spiritual Well-being level of 331 elderly patients (88%) average and 45 patients (12%) was high. Between Spiritual Well-being and gender (p= 0/001), marital status (p=0/026) and how to manage life (p=0/001), there was a significant relationship.

Due to factors such as gender elderly Spiritual Well-being, marriage and how to manage life on faith in God, religious practices, purpose of life, satisfaction and optimism about the future of their affected And the is recommended in the plan of care for the elderly which will improve their quality of life, should be considered.

As a great deal of instructors views and experiences will be transferred to students in class, their lectures seem to be important. The realization of this process of transfer is possible if students demonstrate an active and continued participation in theoretical courses held by the same instructors. The present study attempts to study effective and influentical factors involved in Nursing students presence in class. In this cross-sectional study, the reasons for the students absence were examined during the academic year 2014 -2015. A qustionnairre was used to collect the data. The intended population was IAUH Nursing students and the participants were conveniently sampled. From the distributed questionnairres 152 were returned. The data were fed in to spss22 for analysis and descriptive statistics, chi-squers, one-way analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicated that the students average score frequency was 16-17 out of 20. %59/2 of the students were under 22 years old. Most students thought that their engagement in part-time jobs, the loss (lock) of instructors control in holding the classes, the instructors inability in conveying course content, their bad manner, the unsuitable time of classes, the distance between the class buildings and the dormitory, and the days of holding the classes were among the major factors influencing their presence in classes. We can work on student`s presence at classes with improving educational quality, using expert professors, improving of convenience feasibilities Good manners of professors, Using the newest methode of teaching carrying on work shops about future jobs and creating motivations and getting interested in.