نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال سیزدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 75، دی 1394)

Constipation is a common digestive problem in older adults that causes negative effects on their quality of life. To remedy this problem in the elderly, there are different ways of complementary and alternative medicine. The study aimed to determine the effects of foot reflexology on the severity of constipation of elderly women residing in Kahrizak Geriatric Nursing Home. The present study was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. The samples consisted of 56 elderly women with constipation according to the diagnostic criteria of Rome III in Kahrizak nursing home, which were randomly divided into two 28-person group of the intervention and control. The instrument used in this study included demographic questionnaire and Constipation Assessment Scale which was completed by the assessor unaware of the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Chi-square test, independent t-test, ANOVA & Fisher tests were used. According to the independent t-test, the difference between the severity of constipation in both experimental and control groups at the end of the first six weeks was significant. It means that the first week is the start of the intervention effect, and in general, foot reflexology was effective on the severity of constipation in the elderly women nursing home residents. (P value < 0.001) This study showed that reflexology can be effective as a complementary and non pharmacologic method to reduce the severity of constipation in older women, and nurses can use this simple, inexpensive and uncomplicated method as a complementary method in caring the elderly patients with constipation.

Errors in health care systems is a damaging phenomenon, and in some cases irreversible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of nursing errors and its relation with fatigue in nurse's emergency ward. The present study was a cross-sectional research conducted on the nurses who were working in the emergency wards of the selected hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data collection was carried out through Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), Nursing Errors Questionnaire, and Demographic Information Questionnaire. Out of the studied nurses, 88 (51.8%) were women, and 82 (48.2%) were men. The mean and the standard deviation of the nurses’ age were 23.2±6.6 years. The mean and the standard deviation of their work experience were 8.4±6.3 years. There was a positive and significant relationship between the occurrence of nursing errors and activity decrease (p=0.021, r=0.17), mental fatigue (p=0.009, r=0.19), and the total score of fatigue (p=0.023, r=0.17) (P<0.05). Possible effects of fatigue can cause the increasing of nursing errors in therapeutic environments, and it can reduce patient sofety and care quality.Considering individual and occupational factors can be effective in reducing the negative consequences of fatigue and errors in patient safety.

Midwifery is one of the key jobs in the health care system because it is responsible for maintaining the health of mothers and children in the community. This study aimed to explore the experiences of midwives who were a member of the health care system in family physician program. This study is a qualitative content analysis, and the data collection method is in-depth interviews (semi-structured). The participants included midwives who declared their experiences in this program. In total, 15 interviews were carried out to collect the midwives views regarding the plan. Purposive sampling for content analysis and comparative analysis was used. In this study, a total of management themes, and public interest factors were extracted. The management factors included lower class organized management system (refer, the health worker) – human distribution program (access to physician) - process services (workload, vacation, physical space, job security, wages and benefits) - evaluation (experts) orientation (insufficient training of health team, not justified by the private sector), and health - economic benefits included the improvements in public health, better care, health records, and insurance coverage. The results emphasized the role of welfare midwives in the family physician program.

Infertility causes lots of psychosocial consequences for many couples. Being aware of infertility and treatment failure, marital conflicts begin to occur, which leads to violence against women. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with violence against infertile women in various aspects such as domestic violence, social pressure, punishment, frustration, and traditional violence practices. The study inducted on 384 infertile women with primary infertility in infertility centers affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Random Sampling was used. Researcher made Questionnaire (demographic couples, infertility information), and General Health Questionnaire as well as scale for determining violence against infertile women were used as tools to collect the data. The data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 22). Results showed that the mean scores of violence were 87.47±41.88. There were significant association between the ages of the subjects and the age of the wife. In families with infertile women and husband with primary education and below, and in women with lower economic status, the violence rate was significant (Pvalue <0.001). By lengthening the duration of marriage, and awareness of the infertile women, the rate of the violence was high (Pvalue <0.001). And relatively, there was strong relationships between all the components of the violence, and the total score of public health (r>0.5). Several factors are involved in violence against infertile women. So identifying the factors associated with violence against infertile women can help the public health care providers to reduce these kinds of violence.

Diabetes, the most common chronic diseases in the world and one of the most important health problems that cause health problems. It also causes a lot of health and socio-economical problems in many human societies. Self-care education to patients, is very effective in controlling diabetes and to improve the quality of life in people with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the impact of training on the quality of life by self-caring in diabetic patients.Method and Materials: The experimental intervention study was performed on patients with diabetes referring to the Urmia Diabetes Association. 80 samples were randomly selected with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then they were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. To gather the Data, Qol of diabetic patients questionnaire, and general quality of life questionnaire (SF36, and a demographic questionnaire were used before and after the intervention in both groups. The intervention group received 8 sessions of training in self-care (PowerPoint, pamphlets, booklets. Re-evaluation was done after 3 months, and the results of t-test and chi-square test were analyzed by spss16 software. Average quality of life of in people before interference was 36/3±7/4 which increased to 48 ± 6/3 after the intervention. This difference was statistically significant (P=0/02). Regarding both the general mental and physical health, the quality of life had been divided to before intervention psychologically 54/3±13 and physical health 42/7±14 which was increased to 65/7±14/6 psychologically, and 58/7±15 physically after the intervention. This difference was not statistically significant in the mental aspect (P=0/06), but this difference was statistically significant for physical health (P=0/000). This study showed that self-care education on diabetes-specific quality of life will increase the general quality of life. It has also some effects on physical health, but it has not any effect on mental health.

Practical application of intimate relationship skills (PAIRS) program is one of the programs specified for enriching marriage and marital life, which is aimed to help the couples to become aware of themselves and their spouse, explore the thoughts and feelings of their spouse, extend their empathy and intimacy, develop effective relationships and problem solving skills. The present research was conducted by the purpose of determining the effectiveness of group training based on practical application of intimate relationship skills program in enhancing satisfaction, adjustment, positive feelings, and intimacy of couples. The present research is an experimental and interventional study, with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The population of this research consists of all the couples visiting Health Care House of Golha-Fatemi in the second half of 1392 (first half of 2013). Using the available sampling method, a sample with the size of 40 people (20 couples) was selected, and the couples were replaced in two groups of experiment and control (each group with 10 couples) using random assignment. For gathering the data, the marital satisfaction questionnaire of Enriching and Nurturing Relational Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) (1989), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976), the Positive Feelings Scale (1975), and Marital Intimacy Scale (1983) were used. Research tools were completed in stages of pretest, posttest, and follow-up (after one month) by the subjects of two groups. The practical application of intimate relationship skills program was taught to the experiment group couples in 13 sessions of 2 hours, but the couples in the control group did not receive any intervention. For analyzing the data, the statistical software SPSS20, and multivariate covariance analysis (MONCOVA) were used. The results indicated that group training based on practical application of intimate relationship skills program has enhanced satisfaction, adjustment, positive feelings, and marital intimacy among couples of the experiment group in stages of posttest and follow-up. There appeared no significant difference in the control group. Practical application of intimate relationship skills program is effective in improving relationships and enhancing the quality of marital life in couples. Counselors and family/marriage therapists can use this training program for the purpose of flourishing couples’ relationships and preventing emergence of marital problems.

Elderly people often suffer from sleep disorders. Chamomile due to the many health benefits such as sedation may be effective in improving sleep quality in elderly people. This study aimed to determine the effect of Matricaria chamomilla extract on sleep quality in elderly people admitted to nursing homes of Isfahan in 2014. The present study is a quasi-experimental clinical trial. The study population was 77 cases of elderly hospitalized in nursing homes. Participants were selected through random continuous sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 400 mg oral capsules of chamomile twice daily after lunch and after dinner for 4 weeks. The control group did not receive the intervention. Sleep quality in older adults before and after intervention, were compared using the Sleep Quality Questionnaire Index (PSQI). Data's were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t and independent t tests. Before intervention, the mean score of sleep quality both experimental and control groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05). After intervention, the mean score of sleep quality was a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P<0.001). Oral administration of chamomile extract has sedative properties in sleep quality of hospitalized elderly patients in nursing homes. Therefore, it can be used in similar cases and nursing care.

Depression is devastating condition that not only affects pregnant women but also their infants. Therefore, the current research aimed to evaluate efficacy of psychological education on reducing this problem in at risk pregnant women and increasing their marital satisfaction. In this experimental study with pretest-posttest designs, 534 pregnant women who were in last trimester of their pregnancy were evaluated, and 135 at risk mothers were identified. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The intervention program composed of an 8 lesson of educational and cognitive-behaviorally based program that was delivered to the experimental group. Individual in the control group received usual care. In order to examine the effectiveness of intervention, symptoms of depression were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Also using Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, participant's marital satisfaction was evaluated. Comparison of demographic information indicated there were no significant differences between the two groups. The reduction in post intervention assessments for depressive symptoms indicated the significant effect of intervention program (p<0/05), but no change in either group was found on the measure of marital satisfaction. Findings suggest that psychological interventions may reduce symptoms of emotional problems in postpartum period.

Domestic violence is an aggressive behavior with different aspects including physical, psychological, sexual, injuries and economic. Due to considerable consequences of domestic violence on women, it is as health priorities. The current study conducted to determine the effect of life skill education program on decline of domestic violence and general health score. This is a quasi-experiment study that conducted on 22 women, which selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by three questionnaires including demographic, revised domestic violence CTS-2 and GHQ questionnaires. Life skills training program applied for 6 different sessions and each session continued to 90 minute. Educational intervention decreased the mean score of general health. In addition, the mean of number in violence its aspects including verbal, injuries and sexual violence statistically decreased (p<0.05). Nevertheless, did not see decrease in economic, psychological and physical violence after intervention (p>0.05). Life skills education program could be effective on decreasing domestic violence and promote the general health status of women. Therefore, educational programs regarding to resentment control and problem solving would be preventive for this outcome.

Increasing antibiotic-resistance cause a lot of problems for patients. The aim of this study was to isolate the Acinetobacter baumannii species from the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and to determine antimicrobial resistance pattern of these bacteria. 50 isolates of A.baumannii from different clinical specimens from ICU wards of Gazi hospital were isolated. The species identification was performed by standard laboratory methods. Antibacterial susceptibility test for 15 antibiotics was performed using disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method according to CLSI guideline. In this study, the highest sensitive rate was shown by Tigecycline (92%), Tobramycin (48%), and netilmycin (46%). This study shows drug resistance has increased in the Intensive Care Units, and it suggests that antibiotic resistance can be decreased by choosing the appropriate drug to treat patients.