Advances in Nursing & Midwifery
Volume:25 Issue: 89, 2015

Infertility is a major reproductive health problem that affect 10%-15% of couples. According to the World Health Organization, there are currently 50-80 million infertile couples in the world. Physical activity is a life style factor with possible positive or negative effects on reproductive. The aim of this study was to compare the physical activity of fertile and infertile couples in Kermanshah, Iran during 2013. This was a descriptive comparative study. The case group consisted of 118 infertile couples attending Motazedi Infertility Center. One hundred and eight fertile couple attending to six public health centers in Kermanshah, Iran, were the controls. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire was consisted of two section. The first section was demographic and fertility characteristics and the second section was international physical activity questionnaire. The data is presented by descriptive statistics and analyzed with logistic regression, independent t test, chi-square, and gamma tests using SPSS v16. The result of this study showed that the majority of fertile women(86.1%), infertile women(73.1%), fertile men(87%) and infertile men(96.3%) had moderate level of physical activity. There was a significant difference between fertile and infertile men and women in terms of physical activity. The fertile and infertile couples, also, have significant difference in physical activity(P<0/05). Given the importance of physical activity on reproductive health and significant difference of physical activity between fertile and infertile couples in this study, it seems that more attention should be paid to lifestyle behaviors, especially in infertile couples.

One of the basic principle of patient protection is the patient's right to make decisions for their health. Over two decades, results of the studies have showed the positive effects of patient participation in decisions about their treatment and application of "patient decision aid". But so far, the impact of implementing of these interventions in routine practice in clinical settings, is not clear. The aim of this study was to analyze the findings of published studies that investigated the effectiveness of strategies, methods or approaches to implement IDES into routine clinical settings. This is a review article. Electronic resources and databases such as CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, MD Consult, OVID and Google Scholar were searched to find all studies that have investigated various aspects of the subject of "patient decision aids". There are significant challenges to the implementation of patient decision support. The study results showed indifference and noncooperation between health professionals. The noncooperation was stemmed in lack of confidence in the content of IDEs and concerns about disruption of workflows. It is too soon to make firm recommendations about the best way of implementation of patient decision support methods into routine practice. Because teams that use this model consistently report difficulties. It seems that the major problems against the use of these interventions are their limit implementation and they need further and special investigation.

Decision making process about Do- Not-Resusciate (DNR) order is unique, since, it is the only treatment decision that should be taken in advance. Most physicians and nurses are not sure whether and when to make a decision about DNR order and its moral aspects. The current study is performed to compare and investigate nurses and physicians attitude about DNR order for patients in their final phases of life. In this descriptive–comparative study, 152 physicians and 152 nurses have been studied. The sampling method was stratified sampling. The data gathering tools were a demographical questionnaire and a attitude questionnaire about DNR order. The nurses and physicians in this research with averages of 3.25 for nurses and 3.22 for physicians, had a positive attitude about DNR order. But there was no significant difference between the attitude average score of the physicians and nurses about DNR order (p>0.5). Nurses and physicians with experience of participating in implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and DNR order, had more positive attitude toward DNR order The findings suggest that there is no difference between the physician’s and nurse’s view about DNR order. Although there is a significant relationship between former experience of participating in implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and DNR order with positive attitude about DNR order.

Developmental care along with medical care controls premature infant's potential stress. Improving the quality of developmental care as well as other healthcare services is very important. In this paper, the existing quality care improvement models have been reviewed and followed by analysis of their applications to the Iranian NICU. Consequently, an appropriate model is proposed. In this review article, Iran Medex، Science direct، Google Scholar، SID, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOCINAHL databases have been searched by keywords including quality improvement, quality, developmental care, health care, NICU, premature infants. The content of articles were analyzed and compared. The review of the literature indicates that there are many health care improvement models. Some of macro and micro related models are applicable in NICUs. However, there are some limitations in this regards. With considering the characteristics of developmental care and the attributes of an ideal health care improvement model a number of models chose to promote developmental care in Iranian's NICU. The models are "Quality Improvement Collaborative", Clinical Pathways, Plan- DO- Study- Act Cycle, Six Sigma, EFQM and ISO.

Increasing life expectancy and improving the quality of life of patients with cancer is one of the health priorities. The attitude towards life is one of the most important effective factors. The objective of present study was psychometric evaluation of revised life attitude scale in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.This was a methodological study. 138 patients with cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have been selected by simple random sampling. First, the scale was translated to Persian. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. The validity was determined by constructed validity using exploratory factor analysis exploratory, content validity (by calculating content validity index and content validity ratio) and also face validity. Results of factor analysis showed six essential factors as the basis of Persian life attitude profile-revised scale. The first factor (goals) explained the main portion of variance of scale’s questions. The index of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin showed the adequacy of sample size. (0.601). Content validity index was 0.79-0.85. The content validity ratio for the above choices of scale was equal to +0.99 (p<0. 05).According to the results of this study the Persian version of life attitude in patients scale in cancer patients had appropriate validity and reliability. The mentioned tool is also suitable for researches and useful as a screening tool in clinical environments.

Professional socialization is a critical aspect of nursing students’ development. This process begins with entering into the nursing program and continues after graduation and beginning of professional practice. This paper aimed to introduce the professional metamorphosis theory of BSN students and its application in the nursing education.This study was conducted with the aim of the introduction of the professional metamorphosis theory of BSN students. For this purpose, a search was performed on scientific databases (Pub Med, CINAHL, SID & IranMedex) using the key terms “professional socialization”, “professionalization”, “nursing education”, and “metamorphosis”. Ultimately 27 scientific articles and 2 Textbooks selected and reviewed. The results were compared with the present theory. In this study, the professional metamorphosis nursing students as a grounded theory was introduced. The theory was compared with related models and theories in the nursing literature. The applications and practical suggestions were provided in the nursing education. This study introduced "professional metamorphosis of nursing students" as a grounded theory in the sociocultural context of the health system of Iran. The nursing student's experiences during these stages (dependence, disintegration, and integration) and surrounding professional and extra- professional contexts help the nurse educators and administrators to develop effective educational interventions.

Dysmenorrhea, defined as pain associated with menstruation that affects millions of women in the reproductive age worldwide. Considering the high prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its adverse consequences on quality of life, the present study examined the effects of Rosaceous on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and its systemic manifestations. This double blind clinical trial was performed on 110 students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Students randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Both g-Kim Y-J, Lee M S, Yang Y S and Hur M-H (2011) Self-aromatherapy massage of the abdomen for the reduction of menstrual pain and anxiety during menstruation in nurses: a placebo controlled clinical trial. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 3 (3) e165-e168.-Lasco A, Catalano A and Benvenga S (2012) Improvement of primary dysmenorrhea caused by a single oral dose of vitamin D: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 172 (4) 366-367.-Latthe P, Latthe M, Say L, Gulmezoglu M and Khan K S (2006) WHO systematic review of prevalence of chronic pelvic pain: a neglected reproductive health morbidity. BMC Public Health. 6 (1) 177.-Lin J-G (2013) Auricular acupressure combined with an internet-based intervention or alone for primary dysmenorrhea: a control study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013.-Liu C-F (2013) Acupuncture or acupressure at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoint for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013.-Jamilian M, Jamalian H and Mirzaie S (2013) [Rose Damascena vs. Omega-3 in the Treatment of Premenstural Syndrome:A randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial]. Complementary Medicine Journal of Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery. 3 (3) 26-36. (Persian)-Mirabi P, Dolatian M, Mojab F and Majd H A (2011) Effects of valerian on the severity and systemic manifestations of dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 115 3) 285-288.-Moslemi L, Bekhradi R, Galini Moghaddam T and Gholamitabar Tabari M (2012) Comparative effect of fennel extract on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 6(24) 1770-3.-Mostafa-Gharabaghi P, Delazar A, Gharabaghi M M, Shobeiri M J and Khaki A (2013) The view of cesarean pain after preemptive use of rosa damascena extract in women with elective cesarean section. World of Science Journal. 4, 226-35.-Nahidi F, Bagheri L and Jansari S (2006) [The relationship between delivery type and dysmenorrhea]. Journal of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing & Midwifery. 16 (58), 40-4. (Persian)-Naz.ro.lu M, Kozlu S, Yorganc.gil E, U.uz A C and Karaku. K (2013) Rose oil (from Rosa~ damascena Mill.) vapor attenuates depression-induced oxidative toxicity in rat brain. Journal of Natural Medicines. 67 (1): 152-158.-Nikbakht A and Kafi M (2004) A study on the relationships between Iranian people and Damask rose (Rosa damascena) and its therapeutic and healing properties. VIII International People Plant Symposium on Exploring Therapeutic Powers of Flowers, Greenery and Nature ISHS Acta Horticulturae 790, 251- 254.-Ou M C, Hsu T F, Lai A C, Lin Y T and Lin C C (2012) Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double]blind clinical trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 38 (5) 817-822.-Proctor M and Farquhar C (2006) Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea. British Medical Journal. 332 (7550) 1134-8.-Rahbar N, Asgharzadeh N, Ghorbani R (2012). Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on intensity of primary dysmenorrhea. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 3(141) 272.282.-Rakhshandah H and Hosseini M (2006) Potentiation of pentobarbital hypnosis by Rosa damascena in mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 44 (11) 910.-Rakhshandah H, Shakeri M T and Ghasemzadeh M R (2007) Comparative hypnotic effect of Rosa damascena fractions and Diazepam in Mice. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 6 3) 193-197.roups were matched before intervention for age, education level, BMI, income, education wife, age of menarche and marital status. In the intervention group in the first 3 days of menstruation, 10 drops of Rosaceous extract were given to the subjects two times daily for two consecutive menstrual cycles. The controls take placebo. Severity of primary dysmenorrhea is compared in the two groups using the paired t test and between groups using the independent t test. The severity of primary dysmenorrhea and systemic manifestations decreased in both groups, this reduction was more significant in the Rosaceous group (p <0.001). The results of this study results showed a positive impact of Rosaceous in reduction of severity of primary dysmenorrhea and systemic manifestations. It seems that can be used to reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and systemic manifestations.

Unquestionably, data analysis is the most complex and mysterious of all of the phases of a qualitative research, and the one that receives the least thoughtful discussion in the literature. The aim of this review paper that adapted from methodology section of doctoral dissertation was outlines the descriptive phenomenological psychological method of research and explain of data analysis based on Giorgi approach with objective examples to cause further insight and reflection by later researchers who may this choose as most appropriate method to analyze their data. Data analysis based on Giorgi framework follows Husserl tradition. Description and clarification of the phenomenon being studied is cornerstones of this phenomenological method. The stages of analysis method based on Giorgi are: 1) assuming phenomenology attitude, 2) read of interview to attain of Sense of the whole, 3) determination of primary meaning unites, 4) transforming of meaning unites to psychological statements, and 5) synthesize of psychological General or Essential structure of experience based on constituents. Among the analysis approaches of qualitative data, analytical method of Giorgi has been as least preferred method by local researchers. However, the review of literature suggests that many foreign studies have used this approach to analyze data, describing the data analysis with comprehensive details has not been mentioned. Providing more details on the method of data analysis, allowing researchers access to necessary information and will be useful as a guide for future research. therefore, The data analysis procedures are described in detail in the paper and this matter has been resolved.