مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1394)

Giventhathalf theworld's populationare womenDevelopmentis essentialtoachievingdevelopmentand managementofruralwomenas mencontributeThisfactnodoubtRegardless of thewomenwasnotpossibleto achieverealdevelopmentNote thepositionand role of womeninrural managementRuralmanagementasakeycomponentforachievingrural developmentTheis influenceofthe nationalmacro-strategy approach,theVenice ofthelocalmanagementThemanyrolesofrural womenin economic, social and cultural roleswithin thehomeas well asoutsidethehouseto play.Rangeof10 villagesintherural districts ofMiankalehBehsharhsurveyresearchmethods andanalytical – descriptiveAswellasdocumentation andfieldworkdata collectionvia surveysLikert typeformatdesignedResearchvia software(SPSS)hasbeen analyzed.The resultsofthe studyshow thatruralComparedtotheaverageofthe indices oftheitemsassessedin eachsamplecanbe inferredAllcomponentsarelowerthanaverageThese changeswere notstatistically significant Seems tohavemarkedthe positionofwomeninrural managementat the community level.

The tourism of second houses as one of the most important new aspects could have playing an effective role in rural regions. The purpose of this research was the scrutiny of tourism effects of second house in developing of rural regions in Kamshegan&Changoore villages (Avaj County) & was trying to answer to this question: Could tourism of second houses led to rural developing in studied area in dimensions of (financial, social, environmental, & physical)? The type of this research was applied, the used method was descriptive- analyzed & also, library & field method was used to gather of data. The statistical society was calculated as 1177 families that 107 questionnaires were made by the modified formula of cocowan& distributed among families randomly to observe chance law for everyone. & also the analytic & inferential statistical methods (test of one sample t, Friedman, analyze of way &Cruscalvalis) were used to analyze of data. The results showed that there were positive & significant relations between the used indexes. So that financial & physical dimension had the most effect & social & environmental had the least effects. On the other hand, Kamshegan village had the most financial, social, physical & environmental effects because of investment of second house owners & access to services, transportation, sub structures & diverse attractions. according to the research result, that showed the tourism effects of second houses in developing of village & financial-physical & environmental expansion in studied area that could be a solution for decreasing of migration, poverty & rural development.

Identifying various types of rural residences inGuilan and their categorizations serves as a base for rural development programs that can open ways to discover needs¡capabilities¡ limitations and difficulties in villages and measure the level of development and deprivation in villages.Concerning physical and social-economic characteristics of Guilan villages¡ common models and methods for categorization of level of development cannot be easily used and followed.According to this¡by classification of Guilan villages in terms of environmental and social-economic aspects and identification of the difficulties and capabilities of each group of villages at the natural level of their settlement (plain¡ foothill and mountain) and atthe level of official units (rural district and district), their development and privation level can be attained.In this research¡ by using and combining known scientific methodologies¡ we have tried to present an appropriate and optimum method for categorizing of villages and measuring the rate of their development. Relying on this method we have attempted to identify the main indexes of studying the rate of development or privation of Guilan villages.

Local management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability of rural areas, the role of local leaders in rural development. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so rural development programs in directed them to use their abilities, ability and community participation in sustainable rural development paves the way to.­ Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so Rural development programs in the form led them to use their skills, capabilities and community participation to achieve Sustainable development of rural smoothly. Given the key role of rural women in particular, agricultural production, Rural Industries and. They are important in the process of rural development, and enabling them to develop new concepts and focus strengthen poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas are known. In this context, this paper attempts to examine the role Local Leaders (Council of Dhyary) the empowerment of rural women in Astarābād district located in the southern city of Gorgan pay. Methods The study was descriptive - analytical and study population of 200 women using Cochran formula selected rural villages in South Astarābād A random sample of / Systmayk are obtained. sensing data for the test correlation analysis (Spearman, Kendall Kramer) and Mac Nemar in soft SPSS software is used The research findings suggest that local managers with their actions impact Attention in various fields including employment opportunities appropriate, increase revenue, strengthen co and women's organizations and Also the skill rural women in rural South Astarābād have.

This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test.

The ports of country will Trollerand Accelerate a large part of the economy . Most of the equipment, facilities and food products is import and export than ports . And oil the main source of income for the country's is exported from the ports(Southern ports have more importance and priority for oil exports and is connected to the high seas ). Too Due to exposure to ports in Coastline , Ports are on the front face of enemy threats and weapons particularly maritime threats. Therefore passive defense measures seem obvious The location and design of ports. They will understand Minimal threat and harm . and In a threat is continuing to the economic cycle.Due to the technology's enemies And accuracy of the weapon, To reduce possible damage should Appropriate measures , be used Commensurate with the threat. For example With the growth of transportation can most of the activities of the port side Including warehousing and customs clearance, etc .today are Ports nearby. Safe places with more space, put Away Win weapons of the enemy . too With other methods proposed in locating ports Reduced vulnerability.
Threats of this research is based Enemy air and missile power And their tactics Destruction of critical facilities in the country The war is Options for passive defense of Port facilities To reduce losses, injuries, casualties, increase defense and continue Activities have been to threaten the enemy. in the port of Amir Abad Behshahr is One of the most important and developing ports in the north of the country. We review the requirements of passive defense in Ports We want to examine how these actions at this port.

Most of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the shores of the sea, flood, range of motion, etc. In many environmental management issues and land use, the most important and useful help of geomorphologist is displaying shapes and surface effects on the geomorphology maps, since the establishment and creation of settlements, above all, depend on normal conditions (geology, topographic, soils, hydrology, climate) and geographic location. Therefore, geomorphologic phenomena have a significant impact on the emergence, formation, distribution, and physical development of urban and rural settlements.This article is part of a research project under the same title (Preparing Geomorphologic Map of the West of Guilan with 1:25000 scale) which was conducted by the author in the West part of Guilan province; the results show that geomorphologic phenomena have an important role in the physical expansion of the settlements in the West of the province, some of which are the Caspian coastal sand dunes, steel wetlands (South West Astara), the Marine barracks around Choubar and Haviq, Global faults of Astara, and alluvial materials of Lavandevil, Choubar, and Haviq rivers, and range of processes, create some problems for the physical development of the settlements of the research area. Research method is based on form and process analysis on 1:25000 topographic maps, geology 1:100,000, aerial photographs, and, finally, at some stages of field visits, all the data on the land was evaluated. It is hoped that this work will provide a basis so that it would be possible to prepare these maps in broad national coverage for all the provinces, and give the report to the administrative organizations.

Further development of cities population in physical development and Land use changing of the city border fields has an effective role. Rasht's population is increased from 294000 in 1991 to the more than 600000 in 2011. In this period the area of city is from 2994 hectare to 10240 hectare. The result of population increase and the area of the city, physical development of the city and in result Land use changing of the city border and to the building of these fields, therefore knowing the effective outfits on the city's development for correct and logical opposition with its adherence problems and thinker design and future development of the city is important. The kind of research in usage research and its method is resolution-descriptive. Surveying results of the research shows that during 1991 to 2011, is about 3587 hectare from the fields of city, has a Land use changing and goes to the basis of the city. According to the Rasht municipality, the number of residential units of the Rasht city from 84053 in 1991 to 140355 units in 2010, that is the sign of 67 Percentincreasing in this period. Even the resulted findings from comparison of two plans of Rasht City in 1991 with 2011 shows that in this period the number of 10 villages in a city and even the number of 57728 of royal territories in a border of city is added to the municipality services restrict. That is involves in different Land use changing, such as residential, commercial, industrial and…

Strategic planning is a regular and systematic method to execute programs and activities, with its special properties that make it differentiate from the other planning including traditional planning. Being focused, being qualitative and quantitative, participatory, according to the internal analysis (strengths and weaknesses) with the external analysis (opportunities and threats), full attention to the facilities and capabilities available and accessible and etc, Considered to go Including these distinctive features. Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar that in its kind is one of the first examples in Iran, is located in fringe of this northern city. Research method is as kind of descriptive-analytical studies and because of lack of reliable resources in this field, most information required this study has exploited from field takes and interview with tradesman and customers of "Park-Bazaar". The results of this study show that the Langeroud’s "Park-Bazaar", though innocent of the faults and weaknesses is not, but combining entertainment and business functions in a single set, in addition to solving existing problems and achieve specific goals and predetermined, has gold and Several valuable opportunities in front of the city and citizens.