فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 52، پاییز 1394)

In our daily life, we encounter with various types of stress. These stresses result to different autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral responses. One of the hormones that its secretion is affected by stress is called ghrelin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immobilization and surgery stress on serum ghrelin level, food consumption, and body weight in male rats. Forty Sprague Dawley male rats (200-220 g weight) were used. The serum ghrelin level (via Elisa method), food consumption (with daily measurement), and changes in body weight (in seven days) were measured following the surgery and immobilization stress. Also, body weight was measured in the first and 7th day. Compared to the control group, immobilization stress caused a significant increase in the level of serum ghrelin (56.8±8.5 vs. 31.7±3.7 pg/ml (and food consumption (371.3 vs. 287±11 g). The increase of body weight was lower than the control group (2.3±1 vs. 12±2 g). It was interesting to note that the surgical stress had no significant effect on the serum ghrelin level, food consumption, and body weight. In this work, only the stress of immobilization caused a significant change on the serum ghrelin level, food consumption, and body weight; so it seems that the effect of stress on these factors depends on the kind of stress.

Today, the role of medical equipment in providing services for patients and also the construction of hospitals is significant. Therefore, the importance of the management of medical equipment maintenance is increasing because of the rising costs of equipment and the costs of its maintenance. The aim of our study was to identify effective factors on the management of medical equipment maintenance in a military hospital. The current study was a qualitative research and performed by framework analysis. Managers and the experts of medical equipment of a military and training hospital were chosen purposefully. Data collection were conducted using a semi-structured interview and then were analyzed by a descriptive statistic and sorted by their frequencies. Among effective factors on the management of medical equipment maintenance, twenty six components were extracted. User training components, human resources, commitment and the experience of users, the foreign exchange market, periodic visits, and trade name were the most important components which had more than 75 percent of the relative abundance. According to the results, Factors with high importance on the management of medical equipment maintenance should be supported by the center's directors. Attention to the use of these components can reduce maintenance costs, and therefore increase the life of medical equipment.

Attendance at war and its unusual circumstances is stressful for many people, including health care providers. So far, the process of coping and its facilitators in stressful condition of crisis has not been identified in healthcare providers. The aim of this study was to determine coping facilitators of the healthcare professionals in the Iran- Iraq war. In a content analysis of qualitative data extracted from 119 written narratives during the Iran- Iraq war (from 101 health care staffs), data were collected, coded, and analyzed, simultaneously, between 2014 and 2016. In order to analyze the data, the principles of qualitative data analysis were used. The analysis of 952 pages of the written narratives in the relevant literature led to the emergence of 5 main themes including strong motivation for defense / presence, high resistance, social support, reassurance, and doing other activities. The converting of hidden experience and knowledge of health care providers in Iran-Iraq war to the explicit knowledge can effectively identify, analyze problems, and finally provide strategies to prevent similar scenarios. Moreover, this can produce the knowledge in the field of adaptation facilitating and better coping of health care providers in the unusual and critical situation.

We can obtain important information about the treatment of addictive behaviors by understanding the underlying causes of substance abuse disorders such as anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation strategies. The aim of our present study was to compare anxiety sensitivity and emotion regulation between substance dependent Individuals and healthy population. In this study, 120 substance abusers and 120 normal individuals were selected using purposive sampling. The groups were matched together with their demographic characteristics. The participants completed anxiety sensitivity questionnaires and emotional regulation scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistic method of Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results showed that substance abusers had higher anxiety sensitivity and suppression emotion regulation and also a lower reappraisal emotion regulation than normal individuals. Individuals with high levels of anxiety sensitivity get extremely stressful situations by their thoughts and feelings. Also, since there is a limited attention to the sources of threat or risk, anxiety becomes chronic. Therefore, to escape from this painful emotional situation, people start to avoidant behaviors (such as drug abuse) as a mechanism to adjust and adapt to the negative emotions of life.

Hospitals and military health centers have important tasks in related to physical and mental health of staff and their families. Also, they have a significant role in keeping up the spirit of staff and improving the combat readiness and defense. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the services quality of a military hospital in Tehran. in this investigation (a practical and descriptive survey research), 181 patients completed the standard questionnaire of SERVQUAL. Fuzzy concepts and integral weighted average was used because of complexity and vague of conceptualization and weighting of dimensions and indicators. The results indicated that in all effective aspects on the quality of services, there was an average of -0.19 negative gap and dissatisfaction among patients. In addition, among the dimensions of SERVQUAL model, the final and empathy dimensions had higher (21.78 %) and lower (18.1 %) importance, respectively. Negative gap in all aspects of the quality of services has been shown dissatisfaction in patients. So, in order to improve the situation, managers should consider the needs and expectations of people in their future planning.

Physical activity and receiving food supplements are the main components of well-being in old age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake with aerobic exercise on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lipid profile among elderly women. Randomly, 37 volunteered healthy elderly women (55-80y) were selected and then divided into three groups: aerobic training group (n=13), aerobic training with omega-3 fatty acid group (n=13), and control group (n=11). The first group were under low impact aerobics trainings with 40 to 75 percent of target heart rate for 3 times a week (for eight weeks). The second group consumed 3 gram capsule of omega-3 fatty acids daily along with mentioned trainings. The last group didn’t receive any intervention and just track their daily activities. Blood sampling was performed for all subjects in fast state before starting the study and at the end of the eighth week. The samples measured with specialized kits in the laboratory and then the results analyzed by paired t-test and one-way analyses of variance. The results showed that CRP values decreased significantly after eight weeks of training (P=0.001). Compared to the control group, this reduction was considerably higher in experimental groups. Also, total cholesterol decreased significantly in experimental groups (P=0.02) after trainings. Other factors such as TG, HDL-C and LDL-C had no changes noticeably. Overall, it can be concluded that the combination of this type of aerobic training (low impact aerobic) with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation intake has stronger reductive effect on CRP and total cholesterol levels in elderly women.

Emotional disclosure enhances mental health, improve the immune system, and reduce physical problems. The aim of present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional disclosure on the reduction of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this semi-experimental research, 40 veterans were selected purposefully among who had a high score in the scale of depression, anxiety and stress (DASS). Then they were divided randomly at two groups: writing emotional disclosure group (test group) and control group. For emotional expression, each of these participants were referred to therapist every two weeks (five sessions of 30 minutes per week). Test group was asked to write about the most uncomfortable experiences and events in their lives, while the control group was asked to write about everyday experiences. After completion the sessions post-test was performed for two groups. the Results of independent t-test for differential scores showed that the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress for test group reduced significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). Emotional disclosure can be considered as a simple, effective, and low cost way in dealing and coping with negative life events by experts.

In the view of 1404, Iran has introduced as a pioneer in the region of southwest of Asia and the north of Africa. Therefore, it is essential to provide a comprehensive plan in the country and armed forces. Since health in the context of mission leads to good performance, so there are requirements such as improvement of lifestyle indicators and prevention of noncommunicable diseases to achieving optimum health of staff. In this regard, a healthy lifestyle, including indicators such as nutrition, stress management, and so on is very important. This study described how to increase the functional ability of armed forces by using of prevention methods, the importance of exercise, physical fitness, and examine ways to improve cognitive abilities.