نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 120 (دی 1394)

Apoptosis is implicated in unfavorable remodeling of the left ventricle during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Both DNA damage and p53 play important roles in regulating apoptosis. Expression patterns of apoptotic regulating genes such as p53, bax, and bcl-2 highlight the importance of inhibiting ventricle remodeling and subsequent injuries. In the present cohort study, serum levels of p53 and 8hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as p53, bax, and bcl-2 expression were examined after the onset of AMI in Iranian patients. Serum levels of p53 and 8-OHdG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the presence of p53 protein and mRNA expression of p53, bax, and bcl-2 were analyzed by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR methods, respectively. In patients presenting with AMI, serum levels of p53 and 8-OHdG increased in comparison with healthy controls. Likewise, transcripts of p53 and bax were also elevated in patients, while bcl-2 decreased. Our data suggest the novel use of p53 and 8-OHdG as markers of apoptosis and DNA damage following AMI. Our results also revealed that apoptosis occurs in concert with an up-regulation of p53 and bax and a downregulation of bcl-2 which may suggest a possible therapeutic intervention in patients recovering from AMI.

Regarding prevalence of epilepsy and inefficiency of the present treatments, this study was done to evaluate anti-epileptic activity of Paeonia officinalis L alcoholic extract as an anti-convulsive herbal candidate. In this experimental study, 40 male mice were divided into 1- control 2- valproate 3, 4 and 5 P. Officinalis extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. All of the animals were kindled by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) injection and the seizure steps onset times 1- myoclonic contraction 2- limb jerk 3- general convulsion and 4- hind limb tonic extension were calculated. In treatment groups, the extract was applied 30 min before PTZ injection. Finally, calculated data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. Obtained data show that the extract (100 mg/kg) could significantly increase tonus onset time (186.5±14.17) in comparison to control animals (117.75±16.36) (p < 0.05). Also, the HLTE duration time by three doses of the extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were 5.28±0.6, 3.3±1.79 and 4.76±1.01, respectively, which were significantly lower than control (7.85±1.2) (p <0.05). Overall, P. officinalis extract could not changes the threshold at pre-convulsion periods, but exactly the convulsive onset time was markedly diminished by the extract. Also, HLTE duration time as a real marker of seizure was significantly reduced by the extract.

Injection is one of the most stressful dental procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of video glasses in reducing anxiety and pain during inferior alveolar nerve block injection. This experimental study was performed on 40 children 6-8 years old. Children were randomly assigned to two groups. Each group was treated in three sessions. Children’s inherent anxiety was assessed in the first session and prophylaxis and fluoride therapy was performed for all children without anxiety. In the second session in the first group, injection was applied with glasses and in the second group, injection was applied without glasses. In the third session, in the first group injection was applied without glasses and in the second group, injection was applied with glasses. Visual analog scale pain assessment methods were used. Assessment of anxiety was done using the Modified Children Dental Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and using SPSS 15 software. Average pain in the first group of video glasses was 1.89+_0.65 that this amount increased in the second session without glasses to 3.00±0.81. In the second group, the mean pain in the first session without glasses was 3.05±0.60 and this amount in the second session with glasses declined to 2.05±0.60. The difference between the two sessions in the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.001). Based on our findings, the use of audio-visual glasses is effective in reducing pain and anxiety during dental treatments.

This study examined changes in lipid profile in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in comparison with non-sepsis patients admitted to the medical ICU and its association with mortality. Through sampling of internal ICU admitted patients in Seman Kostar hospital, patients were divided into two groups of sepsis (n=107) and non-septic (n=115). Then, serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL with specific kit was evaluated randomly at first and fifth day after ICU admition.Then, two groups was compared. In sepsis and non-septic groups, 51.4% and 47% were men and the remainder was women, mean age was 74.2 and 68 years, mortality rate was 76.6% and 46.9%, respectively. In the first instance, compared with non-septic, lipid variables except triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly and in the second instance, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL reduced and HDL increased. HDL in sepsis and TG at fifth day and LDL at fifth day in non-septic group was associated with mortality rate. Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock had lower levels of serum lipid profiles compared with patients without sepsis in ICU. Serum HDL in sepsis and LDL and TG in non-septic patients had prognostic role.

Children with autism have sensory processing difficulties that may affect their participation. Inadequate information exists about the impact of sensory processing abilities on participation in these children. Purpose of the study was to assess the impact of sensory processing abilities on everyday life participation in children with autism. Participants in this study were 40 children 5 to 11 years old with autism. Sensory processing abilities were evaluated by Dunn sensory profile and participation was assessed by Life Habit Questionnaire (Life-H). A significant relationship was found out between visual processing, tactile processing, Processing related to tone and endurance, sensory processing related to posture and movement, sensory processing related to tolerance and low muscle tone and sensory sensitivity with the total score of participation of children with autism (p<0.05). Among these factors, sensory sensitivity have most contributions in explaining participation rate (β= 0.49). Weakness in sensory processing, specifically sensory sensitivity, could be an important factor in limiting the participation of children with autism in activities.

Morphine is clinically a strong analgesic drug and in view of substances abusing is a hazardous drug. Besides dozens of unknown facts, the morphine side effects are unknown on the reproductive system. This study aimed to provide a reliable document in relation to its power to induce the follicular cysts in rat. Virgin female Wistar rats (200-250 g) in diestrus phase of the sexual cycle received morphine (1-10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and chronically for 9 days, once a day. The rats in the control group received only saline (1 ml/kg). At the end of infusion period, the rats were operated and after biometrical examination, the ovaries samples were kept in formalin for histological study. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to study the samples. The present original findings show that the ovarian samples obtained from rats receiving morphine significantly had thick-walled follicular cysts when compared with the control samples. Although the numbers of cysts were not different among the morphine-treated samples and the response to morphine was not affected by the drug dose, but, the aspect of the ovaries was as similar as those of the polycystic ones. Morphine can induce inflammatory effects in the body through interaction with selective opioid receptors. According to these results, the morphine can disrupt the reproductive axis and probably with the stimulation of pro-inflammatory nitric oxide system plays a role in infertility due to polycystic ovaries in the rat.

The satisfaction rate of patients from offered services is the most important basis of improvement in functional qualification of educational-health centers. This improvement increases patient's referral and student education. The study was aimed to evaluate the satisfaction rate of patients referred to Faculty of Dentistry of Shahed University in 2014. The study was a cross-sectional project. In this study, 400 patients referred to the Faculty of Dentistry of Shahed University in 2014 completed a self-style questionnaire containing demographic and aimed-related questions in four domains of man power services, hygiene, administrative service and facilities. The findings were analyzed statistically using t-Test, Pearson and Spearman correlations tests. The overall satisfaction score of patients from medical services was 44.39±5.6 (out of 51). The mean satisfaction in man power services, hygiene, administrative service and facilities domains were 133.26±36.11, 133.33±123.24, 133.33±105.35 and 133.33±91.70, respectively. The highest score of man power services domain was related to student’s behavior in respect to patients. The highest score in hygiene, administrative service and facilities domains were obtained from considering the infection control techniques by students, consumed time for medical record completion and treatment charges. Regarding the results of study, patient's satisfaction of Dental Faculty of Shahed University is at a satisfied level.

Increasing access to health care has been regarded as the main objective of the Iranian Health Care system and development of the rural healthcare network. The family physician plan within this network aimed at increasing access to health care by improvement in performance criteria of the Health Care system in villages and cities under 20,000 population since 2005. In this research, the objective of increasing access to health care within the family physician plan in Gorgan has been assessed using the performance criteria of continuity of and timely access to the health care. First, the indicators for the three main variables of family physician plan, for access to health care, and for performance criteria of continuity of and timely access to health care have been introduced. Then, the relation for regression correlations between the dependent variable of access to health care and the descriptive variables of performance criteria for 17 rural health centers in Gorgan have been presented. The statistical model of regression correlations between the dependent variable of access to health care and the descriptive variables in 2011 and 2012 has been estimated, using a panel data model for the error-correction type relation and E-views8 software. The estimation of regression correlations showed that a 10 percent increase in the physician-patient relationship and in the recording and following up healthcare services, in the monthly trend, rises access to health care 6.2 and 4.9 percent, respectively. But, 10 percent increase in the indicator of relationship between family physician and specialized healthcare services, because of poor functional performance, increases access to health care only 1.1 percent. Also, it showed that 10 percent increase in rural browsing for the targeted ill group and in referrals of the targeted group increases access to health care 6 and 5.1 percent, respectively. But, 10 percent increase in rural browsing for all the covered, because of poor performance, increases access to health care only 1.4 percent. This study took the same concepts of objective indicator and function criteria indicators as the other studies on family physician to create quantitative indicators, and then, to describe the model of regression correlations, that indicated the family physician in Gorgan province with acceptable performance could have increased access to health care. But, the effects of family physician performance criteria for the relationship between family physician and specialized healthcare services and for the rural browsing for all were less than expectations.