مجله آموزش و سلامت جامعه
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

Progressive muscle relaxation is a non-invasive, cost-effective and without complications method that can be done independently by the individual. Considering the importance of psychological problems during pregnancy, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation counseling on anxiety among primigravida women referred to health care centers in Hamadan. This study was a randomized clinical trial with two groups (experimental and control) with pre-test and post-test. 120 women were referred to health centers in Hamadan city who experience their first pregnancy consecutively enrolled in the study, after obtaining informed consent. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (60 women in each group) by allocation concealment. The control group only received routine prenatal care but experimental group after two counseling sessions and learning muscle relaxation techniques performed progressive muscle relaxation exercises from 21-22 weeks for 10 weeks, and completed the daily performance sheet of relaxation. The study data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait anxiety inventory and the daily performance sheet for intervention group. Data were analyzed in SPSS-20 using Independent Samples T Test, ANCOVA and Paired t test. Data analysis reflects the homogeneity of the state and trait anxiety levels in both groups before the intervention. The results showed that state and trait anxiety in the control group after the intervention was significantly increased (P<0.001), but experimental group showed a significant decrease in state and trait anxiety after intervention (P<0.001). Teaching Progressive Muscle Relaxation techniques to pregnant women can have a significant impact on reducing pregnancy anxiety.

Bullying is something that has been common in schools across the world. Therefore assesses the psychometric properties of these structures is important. The aim of this study was the factorial structure and psychometric properties of bullying prevalence questionnaire. The present study was descriptive and of psychometric studie's type. For this purpose, 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) were selected by multistage cluster sampling method & answered Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire and subjective well-being inventory (Divergent validity). For data analysis, of factor analysis method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and The Pearson correlation was used by software SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 21. factor analysis result showed that this questionnaire was saturated with three factors and it has good fitness scales. Significant negative e relationships between bullying prevalence with subjective well-being (r=-0.10 & P&le0.05) and academic achievement (r= -0.18 & P&le0.01) was obtained. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale 0.81 and for each of the subscales, including bullying 0.81, victim 0.75 and pro-social 0.70 and that all was satisfactory. Findings of the research showed the Persian version of the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire is acceptable among students concerning psychometric characteristic and it can be used as a valid instrument for psychological studies.

Nowadays, the quality of life is one of the main phenomena’s in the health that is affected by factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological hardiness and spiritual health in predict the quality of life among students. This descriptive -correlational study was conducted on 120 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in the 2013 &2014 years. Participants were selected by cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Ahvaz psychological hardiness questionnaire, spiritual health questionnaire Paloutzian & Park and Quality of life questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS.19, using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between psychological hardiness and quality of life (P<0.05), There was a significant positive correlation between spiritual health and quality of life (P<0.05). But there was no significant relationship between quality of life and spiritual health in dimension of existential. While there was significant relationship in religious dimension (P<0.05). Psychological hardiness and spiritual health can predict 11.3 % of the variance in quality of life. Considering the relationship between the variables, it is better to provide of training packages about the increasing spiritual health and psychological hardiness in order to enhance the quality of life of university students.

Since elders are susceptible to various impairments due to various physical and mental problems, thus they need more attention and abiding efficient self-care program for their health promotion. Present study investigates the effect of self-care training program on quality of life elderly. This is a pre and post quasi-experimental study was carried out on 160 elderly clients were selected from 8 health care centers in Zanjan. The elderly selected by randomized sampling and assigned to two groups of experimental (n=80) and control (n=80) groups. The experimental group Participated in self- care training program for 6 one- hour session. Study instrument were questionnaires regarding demographic information and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software by Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square. The finding showed a significant difference in the mean scores of quality of life between the experimental and control groups after intervention (P<0.001). Self-care education to elderly about the practices of proper nutrition, exercise, rest and medication can prevent a lot of problems and help them to improve their quality of life.

Because of the quick development and widespread use of mobile phones and various effects on the interaction and communication, it is important to study negative effects on the health of mobile phone users. The overall aim of the present study, investigate variable Cell-Phones over use as a predictor of Sleep Quality and Anxiety and Depression among student college. This descriptive–correlation study carried on all students of Kharazmi and Payam-e-Noor universities of Karaj in the 2014 -15 school-years and the sample consisted of 240 persons that were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. For data gathering, questionnaires such as Cell-Phones Over Use Scale (COS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Data analysis were performed via Pearson correlation and multiple regressions (stepwise) methods with SPSS- 21 software in 0.01 P-Value. Results of regression showed that variable of Cell-Phones over use, variance of Sleep quality, anxiety and depression, respectively, 0.31% and 0.14% predicts and positively and significantly (r=0.56, P<0.01), (r=0.38, P<0.01) correlated with sleep quality, anxiety and depression. The variable of Cell-phones over use can predict cause changes in sleep quality and anxiety and depression among students, researchers and psycho therapists can control these factors to enhance the quality of life and mental health of them.

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder among the women. Primary prevention is the easiest and cheapest way to deal with this condition. So, it is important to educate about osteoporosis risk factors and preventive behaviors during adolescence. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of osteoporosis prevention education on knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescent girl students in Kermanshah city. We performed this quasi experimental research in 118 adolescent girl students in Kermanshah (2014). Participants were selected with multistage cluster sampling among guidance schools of the city. They were allocated randomly to intervention (n=53) and control group (n=65). We collected data by a four part questionnaire: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and behavior about osteoporosis prevention. Data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using T-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice displayed no significant difference between case and control group at pre-intervention (P>0.05). But, averages of knowledge and attitude increased significantly in the training group after performing educational program (P<0.005). Although the behavior mean had no significant change in two group at post- intervention (P>0.05). Educating about osteoporosis prevention led to promote knowledge and attitude of adolescent girl students in Kermanshah. However, this training had no influence on behavior. It is necessary to consider this problem in designing educational intervention in this target group.

Breakfast, the first meal of the day, provides children and adolescents with adequate nutrients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to increase breakfast consumption among high school students in Hamadan based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This quasi-experimental study was performed on 140 high school students (70 in the intervention group, 70 in the control group), selected by random sampling method. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire containing items on demographic characteristics, and constructs of the TPB. In both groups, the questionnaires were filled out through interviews before and two months after the intervention. Participants in the intervention group received three sessions of training based on the constructs of the TPB. Data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using inferential statistics, such as the independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square test. The findings showed that the mean score of the constructs of the TPB (attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavior control and behavioral intention) in the intervention group did not significantly change after the intervention. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary that training programs for increasing breakfast consumption be conducted for longer periods and using other theories.