نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 26 (زمستان 1393)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the sources of threats and tensions to the relations between Pakistan and its neighbors. The biggest threat to the security of Pakistan is the war with India and Kashmir. Due to the leaning of the United States and Afghanistan toward India after September Eleventh a new form of political tensions between India and Pakistan has been emerged. Like Kashmir conflict, most of the unresolved tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan are over the Durand Line boarder and Pashto tribe have been the source of many tensions between these two countries. Currently Pakistan has the best relations with China. Undoubtedly, this dynamics relationship between the two countries, whether in the past or in the present time, was due to the threat of common enemy, India, but it is expected that although some Islamic groups in Pakistan support the opposition groups in Eastern Turkestan and there exist a close relation between India and china as well as China and America, Pakistan and China will gradually move further away from each other. Pakistan's relations with its South Eastern neighbor, Iran, are not desirable. Religious and ethnic differences show the growth of terrorism, drug trafficking, border challenges and etc. in the relations between the two countries. In addition, the in regional dimension, Pakistan’s extremist support of Saudi Arabia and its continuing defense of Taliban in Afghanistan will gradually move Iran and Pakistan further from each other.

Globalization as a political, economic and social reality has its impact on people.Globalization is one of the concepts that have overshadowed most of the political, social and economic trends and phenomena and countries in the last decade of the 20th century. Globalization, on the one hand, is a conceptual framework for understanding the current realities of the world and, on the other hand, represents the world as an interconnected system. There are many different approaches about this matter that we refer to them in this article. In each period of historical changes, new concepts are formed which need to be understood. Epistemology help us understand how human knowledge of the world has been formed or will be achieved. Epistemology is a philosophical foundation for creating all kinds of knowledge, how do we prepare it, and how to decide logically and appropriately. It is noteworthy to mention that Iran should face this event and it seems that there is no proper epistemological understanding of the globalization. The present paper aims at studying the epistemological crisis of globalization in Iran. Therefore, it is probable that we face with the threats posed by globalization in order to reduce the threats.

Although many thinkers believed that by the collapse of the bipolar order, the importance of Persian Gulf as well as Islamic Republic of Iran would be diminished as far as Russians are concerned, however the passage of time has proved it not to be the case. The subject of the current study was the investigation of geostrategic importance of Persian Gulf with an emphasis on geopolitics of Islamic Republic of Iran. Considering the history of strategic developments, this study tried to answer this question of “where the core of new strategic developments in the twenty first century will be”. The main hypothesis of this research, states that geo-strategy and geo-economy is not a one-dimensional but multidimensional which includes political, economic, and militarism. Therefore, having the longest coastlines and neighborhood with Persian Gulf, Iran will be the focus of new strategy of the twenty first century. The findings in this research also showed how the Persian Gulf have maintained its importance throughout the history of strategic developments since the long time ago and how it can maintain this importance in the future.

Social capital, as the most important form of capital, has a special place in the recent literature of political economy and political sociology. The present study attempts to investigate the relation between reproduction crisis of social capital and transformation issue and political modernization in Egypt society. For this purpose, first, the conceptual, traditional and new theoretical issues of social capital have been described. Then, the most important economic, cultural and political factors affecting the reduction and eventually the decline of social capital in different periods of the history of modern Egypt have been studied. Finally, the role of reproduction crisis of social capital in the new structural changes in Egypt is shown in detail.

The discourse of development has been conceptually changed after passing through the stage of Positivism. Such a change, as an approach, has occurred from positivism to post-structuralism. The causes of this transformation could be due to the new order of post-development and globalization. Post-development approach based on the effects of critical modernism, alternative developments, and sustainable development. Therefore, recent approaches can be considered as aspects of post-development in the third millennium. This article seeks to analyze and evaluate the causal and explanatory nature of paradigm of post-development.

Being introduced to modern terms and thoughts, terms such as globalization and postmodernism have been the root of many changes in the process of the evolution of political, social, economic, and cultural thoughts of the modern age. According to many intellectuals in politics and sociology, globalization is a process which has been started since the beginning of human history while postmodernism is the product brought up by twentieth century. Based on many theorists of politics, this theory with a critical view has been proposed to challenge many of the previous thoughts. Thus, this article attempts to review and analyze globalization from the perspective of postmodernism and based on cultural viewpoints of Jean-François Lyotard as one of the most prominent postmodernist thinkers.

The present study aimed at investigating the role of the discourse of the governments after the Islamic Revolution in Iran's economic development program. That economic development in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been influenced by different elements including the nature of Governmental discourse after the revolution. Thus the main question in this essay is to evaluate the effect of each governmental discourse on developmental process in Iran after Revolution. The method of this research is mainly based on observation with reference to some written sources. Then, the findings and data in some of the provisions and implications of discourse analysis has been incorporated, discussed and analyzed.

Globalization, Communication and mass media such as: the Internet and social networks are subject to factors which affect developing countries. However, the problem is re-introduction of these concepts in the area of the Middle East in recent months which have played a special role in the political developments of recent years in the Middle East and Arab world during the Islamic awakening. In this context, with an emphasis on Egypt Revolution 2011, this study investigated this issue because of the unique and large acceptance of the network by the Egyptian users, especially young people throughout Egypt, their effective role in the Middle East, and the role of the media in the creation, development and success of the uprising deals.