فصلنامه زیبایی شناسی ادبی
سال پنجم شماره 21 (پاییز 1393)

Simile is known as one of the main bases for Imageryin literature. Neither an imaginative language nor a pure poetry can exclude this rhetorical and artistic phenomenon. In other shapes of art- such as painting, calligraphy, architecture, cinema, and theater-simulation and image makinghave been always of great significance. Consequently, In order to reach the acme of beauty or aesthetics of art in poetry a special tendency toward simile and its subdivisions is essential and appropriate. In Hindi or Isfahani style in which poets have a special method for rhyming, simile, in particular allegorical simile -as a kind of compound simile has a special place. Allegorical simile has a high frequency in these kinds of styles. This study investigated different kinds of simile as well as outstanding allegories in NajibKashani's Divan.

Metonymy is one of the four elements of rhetoric which plays an important role in creating beautiful word and imaging. Ahmad Shamloo uses imagination to express his thoughts. The height of Metonymy’ beauty is in its novelty. Some metonymy because of excessive use has been part of the vocabulary of comments and have little beauty and imaginative. There is vocabulary and also innovative commentsin poems of Shamloo. In this article entire poems of Shamloo is examined and metonymies of his poems are extracted and is divided to three category: 1. Vocabulary metonymies 2. Popular metonymies 3. Innovative metonymies and his innovations in this regard are discussed.

Inserting the verses of another poets in one’s own poem and borrowing from other poets had always existed in Persian poetry since the old times. Insertion and borrowing had sometimes been employed either in the form of content, subject matter or direct quotations. Although the impression and influence of poets on each other had existed long ago in Persian poetry and it may be possible to find and mention some of them, yet they are not abundant, rich, and strong. The impression and influence of poets seems to be much more noticeable and abundant among the modern era poets, so scores of such impression and insertions are available in modern poetry.This essay intends to deal with the history and the most common cases or the uppermost kinds of such insertions. However, the authors of `this essay have attempted to proceed with the quality of such insertions and the skills or different approaches of the poets in applying such insertions and borrowings in their own poems. Some poets and examples are included too.

In Persian and universal literature, particular tent to nature is found. Byliving in nature, people can beaccustomingwith nature. We can see this kind of attention in national verses. Natural components are: flowers, trees, rivers, seas, birds. In the verses or three famous poets, Nima Ushij and Naderpoor, we can find purports about nature. Because of living in nature, these three poets use natural figures and outlooks. We select these three poets because of their common trait about using natural scenes in their verses, it’s important to know that nature in Nima’s verses has symbolic purports but in Naderpoor’s verses we can find mystic in natural scenes. This research tries to peruse nature in verses of Nima Ushij and naderpoor.

Out line This presentation is about a researching a bout symbolism in akavan’s poems and Ebtehag. first of all the researching has defined symbolism and metaphor. than she has explained about the difference between symbol and metaphor. she has had a researching About the roots of poems symbol in current literature in ancient literature of iran.The researcher has prepared a list of the symbol of the poet’s poems. She has gathered these symbol and explained them. Because of applying so much symbol in current poems, the poems are not understandable In these period of time if the readers will be known with this way of statement’s it is possible for them to understand the poems in this period of time. The researcher has tired to discover and explain the symbol applied in these poet’s poem. She want to make it easy to understand the poet’s thought. Akavan could use some symbol which have duel from Iranian ancient hero’s. He could give his poem a special individuation. Ebtehage is one of the men who has followed symbolism actually.

Each of vowels and consonants, the sound of music attributes are derived from repeat it, in most cases, you can create a special effect on the reader. So the value of music, poetry, the meaning and context of the organization of phonetic alphabets. Accordingly, it must be said that the meaning of words, letters, song writer puts up the other features in the transition context and content, and is also intended to instill more successful. So, if you repeat the letters integrates resolver evokes special meaning in the reader's mind, the need for special skills and abilities that can be found in some of the giants of Persian literature. Farrokhi Sistani, one of the poets who, based on the findings of this study can be said to have the ability to synthesize different sounds and meanings In this paper, we provide several examples of his poetry, it becomes clear that the poet Sistani, use words to convey the meaning intended sound, a lot of interest, is used.

Every language fallows different variables based on available condition/ circumstances. Abnormality is an acceptable rule taken by the majority of the population, and deviation is a way of being away from that rule. In the daily conversations, it is deviation from rules governing the criterion language, and poem is considered to be as one of the most important fields of being away from the common rule and the criterion of language. Shamlo's poem is along with the history of Persian poem – that is the continuous trend of poem with an approach called ''New Poem'', which necessarily does not follow the old abnormality of Persian poem. At the same time, it contains different deviations at the different dimensions considering the social and critical approach. Shamlo's styles of deviation in his poem are meaning-based, which are formed according to both abstract and concrete norms/elements. The present paper, studied different meaning-based deviation in Shamlo's poems.