فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1394)

The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social support for work and its dimensions and the social support of family. The study assumes that high expectations of work role and control in the workplace are associated with work-family conflict and also with family role expectations and family members’ low involvement in family-work conflict. It is also thought that social support for work, by reducing control of work, and family support by increasing family involvement, decrease work-family conflicts among women. The population of this study includes all married women employed in the organizations of education and police force of Kermanshah, including 115 (56 policewomen and 59 female teachers). The results showed that high expectations of work role, work-family conflict and family expectations create family-work conflict, and these conflicts are more common in female police officers than female teachers. Control of work was associated with work and family conflict, while there was no relationship between work-family conflict and family involvement. Also, there was a significant relationship between social support for work and control of work, on the one hand, and between family social support and family conflict, on the other hand.

Theoretically, the present paper is made up of some competing or alternative theories of white-collar crimes, including Hirschi & Stark’s theory of the Hellfire, Collins and Schmidt’s theory of personality correlates of white-collar crimes, James William Coleman’s sociological theory of corruption, and finally Cornish and Clark’s economic theory of white-collar crimes. In order to test the hypotheses extracted from the above mentioned theories, a representative sample of 120 prisoners of economic crimes currently incarcerated in Evin prison were selected. Since the present study is of a causal-comparative or quasi-experimental nature, a group of 120 managers currently active in Iranian corporations and official departments also responded to the research questionnaires. The logistic regression analysis accounted for 75 percent of the variance between the two groups. According to our analysis, despite enjoying a high level of religiosity and religious background, the economic criminals under the study have committed crimes. Moreover using a cost-benefit analysis before or during the crime commission, they (compared with the non-criminal group) had underestimated the probability of being caught and also that of certainty and severity of the punishments. Finally, they had committed crime according to their individual’s perception of the levels of criminal opportunity available in their workplace, an opportunity not to be missed out.

The main goal of the present research is to study the different effects of globalization, through understanding the transformation of development paradigms, especially the modernization approach and its influence on the population policy in Iran before the 1979 Revolution and during the period from 1963 to 1979. Research methodology was library method; and using quantitative and qualitative methods, proportional to different parts of research, the population policies have been examined. The present study examines Iran’s entry into the global system and illustrates the domination of development discourses as the paradigms dominating the underdeveloped countries. This study shows how the government at that time used the dominant paradigm of modernization to implement the policy of reducing population growth through the population transfer theory, and paved the way for changing the structure of the population, and as a result reduced population growth in Iran from 3.2 percent in 1963 to 2.6 percent in 1976.

The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social support for work and its dimensions and the social support of family. The study assumes that high expectations of work role and control in the workplace are associated with work-family conflict and also with family role expectations and family members’ low involvement in family-work conflict. It is also thought that social support for work, by reducing control of work, and family support by increasing family involvement, decrease work-family conflicts among women. The population of this study includes all married women employed in the organizations of education and police force of Kermanshah, including 115 (56 policewomen and 59 female teachers). The results showed that high expectations of work role, work-family conflict and family expectations create family-work conflict, and these conflicts are more common in female police officers than female teachers. Control of work was associated with work and family conflict, while there was no relationship between work-family conflict and family involvement. Also, there was a significant relationship between social support for work and control of work, on the one hand, and between family social support and family conflict, on the other hand.

In recent years, due to the importance of leisure time in Iran, several studies have been conducted in this field. Because of the abundance and diversity of research conducted in the field of leisure time the need for combined research in this area, such meta-analysis, is deeply felt. The main question of this research is: what are the most important factors affecting leisure time research conducted in Iran? The research method of this paper is meta-analysis. The statistical population of the study incudes all scholarly scientific papers on leisure time published in the years 2001-2013. We used the Comprehensive Meta-analysis software to conduct the meta-analysis of the articles. The results show that social-economic status (SES), age, education and satisfaction with leisure facilities, compared to other variables, have a significant impact on leisure activities in Iran, an impact anticipated in the theories of Bourdieu, Smith and Dumazedier. The results also indicate that the relationship between socio-economic status and leisure time in the studies reviewed is positive and significant (effect size=0.41). Also the relationship between age and leisure time in the studies reviewed is negative and significant (effect size= -0.35). The results of the combined effects reveal that the relationship between education and leisure time in the reviewed studies, about 0.27, was positive and significant.

Job satisfaction of faculty members has a considerable role in the output, productivity and performance of universities and research centers, and neglecting it has unfavorable impacts on the educational and research systems of the country. This research was accomplished in order to pave the way for informing the policy-makers, planners and higher education leadership about job satisfaction of faculty members in order to strengthen and amend the rules, programs and decisions made. In this research, in order to identify the grounds and factors affecting job satisfaction of faculty members in Iran, the systematic technique review was employed to get a coherent conclusion about the results of research carried out in this field. The statistical population of the research includes 54 published articles about Job satisfaction of faculty members (including public universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and also some branches of Islamic Azad University). The results of this research show that improving the quality of education and research at universities and research centers was among the factors highlighted by faculty members and also pointed to in most of the research studies. Moreover, income, providing the requirements for promotion, having academic freedom and independence in managing the university, participation in decision-making, providing welfare services and facilities and increasing the social status were among other key factors in providing and preserving job satisfaction of faculty members. The results of the study indicate a moderate satisfaction on the part of faculty members in Iran.

One of the main indicators of social and political development is political participation. Teachers are an important part of the human capitals of any society and through their political participation they can have a decisive role in political socialization. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social welfare and the political participation of teachers. In this study, based on sociological theories, one of the effective factors in political participation is shown to be the feeling of having welfare on the part of people. The survey method is employed in this research, and the statistical population comprises all teachers in Marivan in the academic year 2012-2013. The sample size was 300 people, selected through stratified random sampling. The results show that the rate of political participation among 60 percent of respondents is low, while in 6 percent of the respondents it is high, and among 34percent of them the rate of political participation is moderate. The social welfare among the respondents is as follows: among 45percent it is low, among 13percent it is high and for 42percent of the respondents it is at a moderate level. The findings show that the variables of happiness, supply, needs, relative comparisons and education have a positive impact (direct) on political participation among teachers. The variable of preferences with a coefficient of – 0.34 has a lowering effect on political participation. However, the association between the variables of age, sex, marital status and political participation was not significant. Multivariate regression analysis showed that five variables (happiness, supply, needs, preferences, relative comparisons), in total, accounted for 39 percent of the changes in the dependent variable (i.e. political participation). The results of the present study show that in general, social welfare has a direct and significant impact on political participation.