نشریه تاریخ اسلام و ایران
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 27 (پاییز 1394)

Since past, Khuzestan province is one of the most fruitful areas in agriculture aspect in Iran due of rich rivers and prolific lands. Hence, this area has played a vital role in agriculture for inhabitants due to historical reasons (like security, development activities of governments, financial and tax policies). Progress and recession of agriculture has been seen in each period of time. Triumph by Muslim Arabs can be considered as one of the key events in this province’s history. In the late of 15 AH, Muslim Arabs arrived this providence and could conquer it after two years fighting. Owing to the fact that most of this province was conquered by war, taxes were determined for farmers of Khuzestan. The question which this study is intending to answer can be expressed as, what is the effect of Khuzestan conquered by Muslim Arabs and their tax policy on agricultural situation in Khuzestan. The assumption of this research is opposite of popular opinion that conquered this providence by Muslim Arabs and their tax policy caused a decreasing trend in its agricultural but this decreasing began since the late Sassanid era and intensified with the invasion of Muslims. This research Method is analysis and descriptive on historical data of reliable sources using econometric method. The one of the important result in this study is that agricultural prosperity of a region can be calculated using tax rate by Clio metrics method. Other result is the Arab attack immediately didn’t cause of a general decline in agriculture in Khuzestan But this decline was the beginning of the second half of the first century AH.

Quality, relevance and necessity of keeping religion and politics in Iran Srsasany, consequences and implications in contemporary society, which caused directly or indirectly, in the social, historical events and social activities of the people of that era, was impressive .Institution of religion and priestly class, as the custodians of morality and beliefs of society, before explaining a particular worldview and interactions, and their approach, which brought about the elimination of opponents and rivals closed society, the maximum advantage of the features and benefits of the material and spiritual realms monopolize economic and social groups very angry violent encounter with priests and religious movements and social movements, religions competing non-aligned and mastery of the sources of power and wealth in the form of official religion of Zoroastrianism and escort agencies and crown Sassanian era and function of various temples ,to the extent that the higher social classes, the vulnerable population in the course of development and Universal justice .This research is to investigate ways of using library compilation and analysis of historical data,while enjoying a variety of sources, Sassanid open position in society of priests and already the focus of economic activity and the priests, the political and economic structure of the Sasanian induction .part of the political and economic structure of the induction of the Sassanids, and the two-part historical identity, culture and history from ancient times to the ground in last place inductive reasoning . The results indicate that the priests in addition to cultural activities, social and faith on the symbolic dominance of economic activity and a major portion of the proceeds raised and contributed to the economic cycle.

It is clear nowadays that during the last century the world of historians has basically changed. From the standpoint of the new historians, history is not just reporting the performance of kings, heroes, clerics, and such events as war and peace; but representing life and reviving human actions in the past. Achieving this goal requires having access to some related sources like the educational ones. Books of etiquette are the idealistic and exemplary forms of what is available in daily life. Such books comprise some sort of utopian literature representing the contrast between the idealistic mind and the social objective acts. The present paper seeks to study the point that how the books of etiquette during the reign of Ghajar, and all other works on education and politeness, as influential works on the minds of the individual and social actors, help clarify the life aspects of people in that era. The ideal of a social historian is reflecting individual and social interaction of the era under their study, especially reaching the idea that has made the historic actors act. More deliberation suggests that every unique period in history is dependent on some different intellectual, cultural, and social basis from which some unique behavioral patterns originate. Here, it is claimed that books of etiquette comprise one of the basic components of the interactive mind and mentality? Consequently the variety in the subjects of etiquette books and issues mainly refers to the life, social rules and prevailing traditions of each are makes these kinds of references as a remarkable references for the social history.

The present research analyzes the exchange of perceptions among Intellectuals during Pahlavi I in regards to women's education based on three publications: Alam-e- Nesvan, Shafagh-e- Sorkh, and Ettellat.
This research which is done based upon historical researches attempts to answer what challanges were faced on the topic of women by elites of Pahlavi I era, and its reflection in the press of that period had what impact on their social, cultural, and educational status.

In the period of the Safavid, especially under the Shah AbbasI was Particularly important agriculture economy, specific silk. Silk is one of the important and effect on the products at the trade economy under the Safavid to the end of Shah AbbasI and the Guilan very share in that was producted.
this research purpose and the main question is analyze and explain the role Guilan silk in the trade economic and changes political and economic Safavid period to the end Shah AbbasI .
this research seeks to answer the hypothesis that, silk as a strategic economy commodity, under the Safavid was an important and Guilan had a decisive role in this regard.
Research findings indicate that in spite of commercial and industrial applications silk, mostly in the form of trade was used, And Guilan for mass production and high quality silk, that have indispensable role in attracting European markets and businesses . This resulted in was Propel Iran and Guilan to the circuit capitalist global trade. The silk production could not have a major change in the economy and growthGuilan, especially during Shah AbbasI. For further was as an economic good controlled, serve to royal despotism and the central system.

Iranian justice movement in Qajar era closely associated with ’adâlatxâne was led to the idea expansion. Effective variables identification is a principal point to accurate idea comprehension and in this regard two essential questions should be answered; what were those connected factors to ’adâlatxâne? And how much were their rate and range of the concept transformation? According to discourse analyses method, the research attempts to study the Qajar era discourses for evaluation of their interaction with ’adâlatxâne. It is obviously clear, there were different perception of ’adâlatxâne concept, judgment amendment based on common tradition of their society was populace demand, furthermore various opinion were dominated among the movement leaders; partly had no specific political strategy soliciting an efficient independent judicial system, others desirous of establishing law institution and constitutional legislative majlis. After taking refuge in the Abdul-Azim holly shrine, and government negligence to protesters demand, Tabatabaie asked “’adâlat majlis”, and government dissenters requested “people elected”. Neither Tabatabaie’s majlis was specifically a judicial reform, nor was other protesters’ demand necessarily constitutional monarchy. Finally ’yne-Adole tenacious caused various movement leaders’ ideas to gather on a unit stated “legislative majlis” for constitutional monarchy establishment.

After separating Afghanistan from Iran, as to political independent units, these two countries influenced by internal revolutions and movements and political-cultural interferences of the foreigners couldnt attain at constructive and consistent interaction in the social fields specially cultural relation area. Aggravating various political, social and economical conflicts severely damaged social-cultural relations between these two countries despite all commons including religion, culture and language. Attempts of Afghan actors for creating a new identity for Afghans emphasizing on cultural-political Pasto ,interaction with Farsi language by enforcing the area of Pasto language, divergence from Iran in public education area and approaching toward third government such as Turkey, increased the extent of divergence between two countries in Pahlavi age. The present paper studies the most important factors and social-cultural obstacles between two mentioned countries in analytical-historical approach and emphasizes on the documents of Foreign Ministry of Iran and Afghan resources.

Nearly a thousand and five hundred years of history of Islam, reflects a lot of damage due to exaggerators and the spreading of exaggerated ideas that has found this religion. What is exaggeration and what are its features, is and will be causing a lot of controversies and challenges. The most appropriate people who can identify this phenomenon are infallible Imams. They have shown word and behavior reactions according to entry of exaggerated ideas within the Shi’ite community that with relying on these guidelines, we can obtain criteria for recognition of exaggerated discourse and the influence of it on the Shi’ite sources. Typology of exaggeration with regards to infallible’s judgement and theoretical and practical sensitivity of them about exaggerated ideas in Imamate is one of many subjects that have been taken into consideration in this research. Sensitivity of this phenomenon is shown in narratives that speaks of exaggerators as the worst people or describes equality of exaggeration with atheism, idolatry and obliquity.
In this study, using Grounded Theory with descriptive approach through coding, categorization and comparison of data and contents has been acted upon to find exaggeration features and to show reaction to them. The result of such research has been organized in two important tables which can lead to production of a culture that opposes exaggeration.