مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1394)

Background and Although, the outstanding scientific contributions of Iranians in the post-Islamic decades are clear to every body, but because the scientific resources are written in Arabic language at the time, separation of Iranians and Arabs share in the growth and development of traditional Islamic medicine would not be possible without research. Teherfore the general purpose of the research is to review Iranian scientists’contribution in authorship of Arabic manuscripts of Islamic medicine available in National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Material and The research method was documentary and descriptive, and the research population consisted of 4000 Arabic manuscripts. The manuscripts list has been made using Arabic manuscripts catalog available in National Library and Archives of Islamic Republic of Iran, editions 7-19. Manuscripts checklist of Islamic medicine in Arabic language including title, author, authorship date, subject, and writing date. Some major biographical books were used to prove the Iranian nationality of authors and scientists. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Excel softwares.
From among 4000 studied manuscripts, the subject of 186 titles were Islamic medicine. From these titles 109 titles were authored by Iranian scientists, 50 titles by non-Iranian, and 27 titles by the authors that their nationality was unknown. The maximum percent (37/6) of Arabic manuscripts of Islamic medicine written by Iranian scientists was written until 6th century.
The research findings show more contribution of Iranian authors in Arabic manuscripts than non-Iranian ones. In other words, Iranian scientists have possessed remarkable role in developing manuscripts and improving Islamic medicine in Islamic civilization era.

Background and The Physicians have always had the most important role in maintaining health, prevention and treatment of disease. Ethical issues are not new topics in medical field and throughout the centuries, many Physicians have attempted to introduce ethical standards based on either religious beliefs or society routines. Current study represents ethical and scientific issues which have been mentioned in Romuz-e Azam, an ancient manuscript written by an Iranian Muslim physician Hakim Mohammad Azam Khan (19th century AD).
Material and In present study, the characteristics of a competent physician were extracted from the preface of Romuz-e Azam, a pharmacopoeia of traditional medicine, and then the findings were compared with related content according to the standards of conventional medical ethics.
Quotes of Prophet Mohammad and the medical anecdotes narrated by Hippocrates, Plato and Galen were mentioned in this book. Ethical implications were introduced through five chapters: (1) Moral issues that a physician has to follow, (2) essential sciences for a physician, (3) the cases that a physician must strive after the acquisition of knowledge, (4) the issues which a physician has to avoid, (5) how to evaluate a physician. This book suggested the desirable aspects of a physician such as mental, religious, age, inward and outward, communication skills and relations between physicians and their colleagues and patients, neatness and hygiene, encouragement to gaining experience through travels and necessity of awareness about other majors such as logic, astronomy, geometry and music. Also in this book it has been studied how to examine physicians scientifically and ethically, hospital standards requirement, identification of new diseases, getting along with patient complaints, correct prescription of medications, prioritization of passengers treatment .
Ethical outlines have many similarities with the Hippocratic Oath. In addition to valuable historical and the current needs of society, considering the implications of the valuable book Romuz-e Azam about medical ethics and reporting such concepts can be used as a perfect model in medical ethics.

Background and Sabr-e- Zard (Aloe Vera)plant is hot and dry and native to Africa and are grown at sout Iran. When the leaves are cut, Jelly of the plants placed outside has Specific pharmacological effect. First Egyptians were used this plant to treat wounds, burns and infections. From the 1930s onwards extensive scientific research on drugs and medicinal properties of the plant was done and gel filtration strange power of this plant to the treatment of wounds and burns approved. Aloe Vera in the world today is planted to treat a number of diseases of the digestive migraine to treat acne and burns. The knowledge that indigenous people have about their environment, especially plants is very precious so record and store the information that are rapidly disappearing, is necessary. The purpose of this study is evaluation of medicinal plants: Aloe plant as a medicinal plant of Qeshm Island.
Material and In this research, by using the methods of observation and interviews, many years of knowledge they had, were collected and a variety of plants information, including plant characteristics, local treatment and traditional usages.
The results showed Despite the expansion of medical knowledge is still used in traditional medicine. As is common due to favorable climatic conditions this plant grown in different regions and consumed.

Background and Dispersion of absinthium in Iran: Mazandaran, Gilan, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Tehran and Khorasan. In sources of traditional medicine, absinthium is used for treathment of many diseases. This is achieved by reviewing the references of Iranian traditional medicine as well as the observations cited in recent scientific evidence, and carrying out comparative evaluation of these items.
Material and the present study has been an overview study and has been codificated by Library search in the main source of Traditional Persian Medicine and adjastment them with modern articles and medicine.
It has been observed the antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic effect, anti malaria, neuroprotective, antiepileptic, antiparasitic, anti-snake venom and anticancer activity from Artemisia absinthium L. In practical survey. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, essential oils, resin, lactons and Organic acids in extract of Artemisia absinthium L..
this show the very close adjustment between the practical finding carried on Artemisia absinthium L. and source of Traditional Persian Medicine. Thus we can Produce medicinal products for treatment many kind of diseases by more careful study in the ancients texts and use of scientific new finding of this plant.

Background and Women's behaviors during post-partum period is strongly influenced by cultural, traditional and religion background. The purpose of current study was to explore the prevalence of traditional practices and related factors of it among postnatal women in Gonbad Kavous city.
Material and In a descriptive analytic design, using randomized sampling method, 305 postnatal women attending primary health centers in rural and urban areas of Qonbad Kavous in northern Iran were involved in this study from Aug to Oct 2014. A structured questionnaire on socio-demographic and traditional practices including general, maternal, nutritional and neonatal behaviors was administrated to the sample. Yes and No answers to practice questions were summed up to calculate the total score that ranging from 0 to 39, in which the higher score showed higher traditional practices. The number of practices was grouped to high, medium and low. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression.
Among the 305 participants, majority of them was multi parous women (62.80) with a mean age of 26.78 6.63 years. The total number of traditional practices ranged from 12 to 35 with the mean being 26.48± 4.85. In this study, 7.9%, 58.7% and 33.4% of sample practiced low, medium and high traditional practices. Women from Torkaman race and who living in extended family more practiced traditional behaviors than women who came from other race and living in nuclear family (p This study results showed the postnatal women had followed the traditional practices mostly who came from Torkaman race. This study results confirmed that special cultural, believes and traditional practices are combined with pregnancy, and childbirth.

Background and Qarabadin (pharmacy) is one of the most important fields of traditional medicine, because it contains the valuable past experiences and information on pharmacy and the use of medicines. In this article, from among the many manuscripts written on medicine, especially Qarabadin, one of the most important ones written in Safavid era, i.e. “Masoomi's Qarabadin” by Masoom Ben Karim al-Din Shoshtari Shirazi is discussed. The purpose is to introduce valuable experiences of this lesser-known author.
Methods and Materials: First, the oldest manuscript of the book in The Iranian Parliament was investigated and compared with other available versions in national libraries, Document Center of Tehran University, and Goharshad Mosque. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the original version and to find the salient features of Masoomi's Qarabadin, it was compared with similar books such as Zakhire Kharazmshahi, Al-Asbab and Alamat, Shefaei’s Qarabadin and Aghili’s Qarabadin.
This study showed that this manuscript is significant since it provides important pharmacology information and different prescriptions for the same disease. The author wrote his great work using views of more than forty early and contemporary Hakims, some of whom are not well known. It is also significant in making use of credible medical sources.
The investigation of Masoomi's Qarabadin and its comparison with other books written in this area, we can conclude that the book contains initiatives and innovative experiences of the author in making and using medicines. This shows the importance of studying and understanding this book by those interested in traditional medicine.

Background and Dandruff is a chronic illness which most people suffer from during their life time. Unfortunately there is not a definite treatment to eradicate the problem and classical medicine recommends periodical treatments to control it. Therefore, in this review study, causes of the illness and singular medications, recommended by traditional and conventional medicine have been gathered.
Material and the research was conducted in library method. 10 authoritative texts of Iranian traditional medicine and the application of “Noor” source and new scientific references and 5 new articles related to scalp, were selected and investigated and reported.
There are around 40 different singular medications among which 25 have been recommended in all documents. By clinical trial we hope to obtain better treatments for the illness.

Background and Literature Review and the aim of study Herbal treatment is obviously considered important in some prophetic and Islamic leaders. Literary heritage of Iran is influenced by Islamic cultures , traditions and beliefs . The study is aimed to reconcile herbal treatment of "cichorium Intybus" and "Rutaceae " according to Persian poets and research of contemporary medicine in Iran
Methods and Materials: Based on libraries procedure , the study has been done in three phases , Firstly , the application of herbal treatment of "cichorium Intybus" and " Reutaceae " has been studied in terms of valid poets and accounts in Shia. Secondly , the similar applications of those herbals have been studied in Persian poets and literature. Thirdly, the applications have been studied in term of contemporary knowledge. Some of the herbal treatments of "cichorium Intybus " are as followings ;Treatment dbylh , pleurisy , birth control , and mental illness. Herbal treatments of " Rutaceae" are as followings; Reduce inflammation and fever , moderation in bowel , and treatment of liver disorders.
Modern medical research is confirmed the treatment application of both cichorium “Intybus” and “Rutaceae” Ordered in Persian literature and poets. The comparative application is insisted on speech of religious leaders and Islamic traditional beliefs which are clearly become visible in Persian literature and more over it can be shown the relationship between contemporary knowledge and ancient culture of Iran.

Background and Those who inherit medical history of Iran have the crucial responsibility of transferring the scientific findings of traditional medicine to modern medicine through a scientific experimental process. Cotoneaster, scientifically known as purgative manna, is an herb with the capacity of being used both in traditional and in modern medicine. This study was conducted to review active ingredients of cotoneaster in Iranian traditional medicine.
Material and This library study was performed through a narrative review of books on traditional medicine and searching databases such as Google scholar, Pubmed, Magiran, SID, and Science Direct.
First, traditional medicine references and experiences of hakims on cotoneaster are presented, and then, new findings of modern scientists about medicinal properties of cotoneaster and its active ingredients. The last section of this study briefly describes the specific use of cotoneaster for treatment of infant jaundice.
Regarding the history of using cotoneaster for treatment of some diseases and that the cotoneaster shrub is native to Iran, research centers are recommended to use modern technologies to examine the efficiency of cotoneaster given its socioeconomic benefits.

Karchak known as Khervae and Bidanjir in Iranian traditional medicine is an annual or perennial glabrous herb with green to red color and 1 to 4 meter height. The stems are thick, hollow and the leaves are palmate with long petioles. Fruit is covered with soft spines and seeds look like bean seed and are fatty with dark lines. In Iranian traditional medicine, it is known as a potent purgative of cold humors and used in conditions caused by cold humors and also for strengthening viscera. The characteristics mentioned in Iranian traditional medicine literatures are corresponding to the characteristics of Ricinus communis L.