فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1390)

The overall goal of production cooperatives is to create jobs and at the same time benefit from the use of capital. The type and volume of production in the national economy of a society is not only dependent on the availability of production factors, But before anything else, to mobilize the purposes of producing and coordinating them is concerned and Production cooperatives can play an important role, Which consequently increased production creates jobs, prosperity and the prosperity of the economy will be better. The purpose of this study was to compare role of Poultry cooperatives and producers of chicken meat in Tehran Province is to create growth and employment. The statistical population Tehran's Poultry Cooperative is all. Information needed on is all the survey questionnaire respondents Poultry unions drivers and manufacturers in the industry Tehran province were collected. Finally, a analysis SPSS software package for estimating equations was used EVIEWS. The conceptual framework and the overall pattern of dialectical social development and to estimate the Cobb-Douglas production function was used. Results showed a significant relationship between output and employment in the cooperatives is higher than the non-cooperative. T-statistics in poultry feed production function at a high significance level and it shows a large share of inputs in the production of poultry meat is. Also one percent increase in the value of oil output by as much as 0.5 % increase And a one percent increase in labor wages, Cooperative output rate 0.17 percent increase. This indicates a high potential for useful employment in Poultry Production cooperatives in Tehran province. Elasticity of total production increasing returns to scale Poultry Cooperative and non-cooperative manufacturers, reducing returns to scale show. It is due to more efficient use of capacity poultry.

An experiment was conducted under completely randomized design to study the effect of two levels of Anis Oil Extract (AOE), probiotics and antibiotic on performance, immune system and blood biochemistry of broiler chicks. 1200 day old Arian chicks were randomly distributed into five experimental diets with four replicates (each replicates consist of 60 birds) with feed and water ad libitum for 42 days. The experimental diets were as follows: 1-Basal diet (without feed additives), 2- Basal diet AOE at the level of 0.2g/kg feed, 3- Basal diet AOE at the level of 0.4g/kg feed, 4- Basal diet antibiotic(virginiamycin) at the level of 20ppm/kg feed, 5- Basal diet probiotics (Protexine) at the level of 0.5g/kg feed. Performance of birds (body weight, feed consumption and feed efficiency). As the result was revealed, feed additives were not affected significantly on body weight through out the experimental period. Birds Performances, production index and birds survivability and carcass characteristics did not show any significant by supplementations of feed additives throughout the experimental periods. Abdominal fat percentage was affected significantly by feed additives in the diets (p

This study was conducted for determination potential gas production and ME (Metabolisable Energy) of bakery wastes and its comparison with barley and wheat. ME content for bakery wastes include BARBARY (B), LAVASH (L), SANGAK (S) and TAFTOON (T) were 13.23, 12.11, 13.76, 13.53, 13.90 and 13.59 MJ/Kg DM respectively. The highest content of metabolisable energy (ME) was for SANGAK and the lowest content was for barley. As well as ME content between Wheat and barley and among wheat and barley with bakery wastes were significantly different (p

In order to perform breeding programs and improved production having knowledge in genetic diversity is important.Genetic diversity among close populations can be determined by investigating their phylogenetic relations. In this project, we aimed to evaluate the phylogeny and genetic nucleotide sequences of16S rDNA regions in mitochondrial genome of Khorasan native chickens. Blood samples were collected from randomly 5 Khorasan native chicken populations and DNA were extracted.16S rDNAregions were amplified using specific primers of 700, 584, 698 and 519 bp length, respectively. Sequencing was don according to Sanger method based on automated system.In comparison with other breeds (data extracted from NCBI), phylogeny trees and matrices regarding their genetic diversity with Khorasan native chickens for 16S rDNA were drawn. Results showed that there is no haplotype difference between the studied samples. Lowest genetic distance was observed between Khorasan native chicken and other Asian chickens i.e.Taoyuan and Red jungle fowl for the 16S rDNA genes indicating their close relationship.

Caseins and Growth Hormone genes are linked to milk production and it,s major technical features such as coagulation, flocculation characteristics and cheese production, so have been taken into consideration in these gene polymorphism as Candidate genes. The aim of this study was detection of polymorphism at 660 bp region of exon 4 of the kCasein and 422 bp region of exones 2 and 3 of the GH genes in Mahabadi goats breed. Due to this purpose, a total of 100 Iranian Mahabadi goat blood sawples were collected. PCR-RFLP method with HaeIII restriction enzyme with two pairs of primers were used to detect alleles A or E in exon 4 of the k-Casein gene and alleles A and B in exones 2 and 3 of the GH gene. PCR amplified products were observed and the restriction analysis by enzyme HaeIII produced two fragments of 430 bp and 230 bp that exhibiting the presence of allele A with frequency 100% in k-casein gene. Allele E was not observed. For GH gene, two fragments of 366 bp and 56 bp that exhibiting genotype AA and three fragments of 422 bp, 366 bp and 56 bp that exhibiting genotype AB were produced. Calculated frequencies for AA and AB genotypes were 0.14 and 0.86, respectively. Frequencies of alleles A and B were 0.57 and 0.43, respectively. BB genotype was not observed. According to the results, in the tested Mahabadi goat population, monomorphism and polymorphism patterns observed at amplified sequences of the kCasein and GH genes, respectively.

Study of the effect of adding different concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM) on the cryopreservation of rooster sperm in the diluent based on soya lecithin. In this research, semen samples from five mature rooster were collected by using the method of abdominal massage and after collection they were diluent based on soya lecithin and were frozen in 0.25 ml straw. After the freezing process, the parameters such as total motility, progressive motility, sperm viability, sperm morphology, sperm membrane integrity and the amount of producing malondialdehyde were investigated after freezing-thawing process. Results of these experiments indicate that the diluent containing 1, 2 mM of butylated hydroxytoluene produced high percentage of mobility, progressive mobility, survival, and membrane integrity and normal sperm morphology in comparison to the rest of other concentration. Although there was no significant difference in the amount of malondialdehyde, in this experiment, we came to the conclusion that the levels of 1 and 2 mM of butylated hydroxytoluene have the appropriate protective effects for sperm rooster.

This research was performed to investigate status of nutrition management of industrial dairy farms in Varamin and Pishva. List, statistics and location information on industrial dairy farms were first obtained from data present at livestock affair effect of agricultural Jihad of the foresaid cities. From 27 to 100 percent of active farms, a total of 43 dairy units was selected. The selected farms were classified into six groups in terms of productive cow capacity: (10-50), (51-150), (151-300), (301-450), (451600) and (601-1800). Totally 12986 dairy cows were assessed since shahrivar of 1390 until Esfand of 1391 using questionnaire either verbally or direct data collection. In order to facilitate investigation cows were classified into high-productive, midproductive, low productive and dry cows.Mean food consumption based on dry matter consumed (kg), lactating net energy (mega calorie), crude protein, Ca and P (g) for high-productive, mid-productive, low- productive and dry cows were equaled to (3/686, -1/919, 0/251, -1/919), (27/408, 29/114, 27/038), (0/686, -1/485, -1/357, 1/109), (0/089, 0/090, 0/094, 0/089) and (0/081, 0/0093, 0/0137, 0/073) respectively, Mean dry matter consumption for high productive and dry cows was different at probability levels of 0/05 and lactating net energy for all groups was different at p

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritive value of Trifolilum montanum and Thymus vulgaris in ruminants. Samples obtained from Lar ranges in Damavand. Samples were immediately air dried and then oven dried during 48 h, at 65◦C. Chemical composition and degradability of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility were determined. Results were shown that amount of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude fat, NDF and ADF were 54.97, 5.17, 4.12, 1.5, 36, 4.6 and 54.97, 28, 12, 2.2, 21 and 8.14 percentage of dry matter respectively for Trifolilum montanum and Thymus vulgaris. Degradability of dry matter, protein and organic matter inTrifolilum montanum and Thymus vulgaris determined as 48, 75, 77, 75.8 and 48.1, 87.9, 86.6 respectively. Digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter and organic matter in dry matter of experimental samples were 67, 67.9 and 58.7 percentage of dry matter. The results shows that experimental medical herbages in this study have potential to use as ruminant feed competitiveto alfalfa hay.

Information on forage quality and changes in pasture is one fundamental case in determination amount of forage daily requirements of animal unit to calculate grazing capacity of rangeland. Therefor, in this study 33 species of usable by the animal in vegetative and flowering stages were collected from the pasture in part one of down Elarm from Lar area. Percent of ADF and CP of samples was determined in the laboratory. Using the results obtained and the proposed equation Agriculture Standards Committee of Australia, percent of DMD and energy levels were determined according to MJ per Kg, for dry forage of pasture. So, the average percentage of CP in part one for 33 species in the vegetative stage is 19.95%, in the flowering stage is 14.4%. Average percentage of ADF for 33 species in the vegetative stage is 27.91%, in the flowering stage is 25.05%. The amount of DMD for 33 species in the vegetative stage is 52.24%, in the flowering stage is 48.62%. Also, Average values of metabolizable energy according to MJ per Kg in vegetative stage is 6.87 MJ, in flowering stage is 6.26 MJ.