نشریه نشاء علم
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، خرداد 1394)

Wise management and complete implementation of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) as an international agreement between Iran & 5+1 group on nuclear activities, can lay the groundwork for development of exports to Iran, take advantage of banking and insurance services to foreign banks, reducing the cost of trade, banking and foreign exchange costs, wider access to foreign markets and therefore job creation and provide economic prosperity. The removal of imposed sanctions gives us the opportunity to promote the science and technology diplomacy and scientific cooperation between domestic and foreign research institutes and universities. The outcomes of this recent nuclear agreement can also accelerate the production of science and technology and develop the access to update scientific achievements in the country. It is expected that in the forthcoming post sanction Era, the bilateral relations between Iranian and world universities and research centers with an emphasis on transfer of knowledge and technology could accelerate the scientific development of IR. Iran. The key strategy towards fruitful scientific worldwide interaction is, Islamic Republic of Iran will not just be the market of developed countries, and it should also try to acquire knowledge and technology, establish the joint ventures and networks in the country; besides it is necessary to use the Iranian arts and skills in producing the knowledge, based goods for global markets. It is worth noting that Iranian responsible for foreign diplomacy should continue the policy of tolerance , logic and effective dialogue to cope with the problems emerged by some of the countries on the way of implementation of JCPA. In Addition, Attempts should be made to enter into international market by relying on Iranian science and technology productions. These plans will be operational if the relevant authorities pay more attention to science, scientists and thinkers of the country. It should consider that the good technology is the end chain of science cycle and the growth of standard technology& innovation is highly depended on glory and respect of science & scientists in society.

In 2014, based on the number of scientific documents indexed in the Thomson Reuters institute for scientific information (ISI), the number of Iranian scientific documents is 29429 (1.69% of the world value and rank of 18) in science, 1839 (0.68% of the world value and rank of 31) in social sciences, 117 (0.10% of the world value and rank of 48) in art and humanity sciences and 29812 (1.50% of the world value and rank of 20) in total. Now it is four years (2011-2014) that the rank of Iran in the scientific documents production is 20 in the world. The number of Iranian published scientific documents were 27134 and 28058 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, which show 3.4% grow in 2013 and 6.3% grow in 2014. University of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tarbiat Modares University and Sharif University of Technology, respectively, were five top governmental universities in 2014. Subjects of Engineering, Chemistry, Material, Physics and Mathematics had the most important role in science documents production. 18.5 percents of scientific documents in 2014 are related to the all branches of Islamic Azad University. Turkey is 1.67% scientific contribution and the rank of 17 in the world in 2014. United States of America (USA), Malaysia, Canada, Germany, England and Australia had the most cooperation in scientific contributions with Iran respectively.

This writing is continuation of results of a study that have started some years ago at the “Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming (CRCC)” of Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences – Zanjan, Iran. Its goal is to use “Regional Climate Model (RegCM)” for studying the regional climate of Iran and projecting it for 21st century. Up to now it has been done until 2030. Years 2010 to 2013 considered to assess the validation of modelings. Outputs of model compared with measured data of CRU. Relative error for maximum temperature gives about 5%, and for minimum and mean temperature, and precipitation about 10%. Regarding the projection, mean temperature will increase about 1 ℃ during next 16 years, and monthly precipitation will decrease about 4 mm during that period. Projection for next year is running.

Besides nutritional value, honey has been widely appreciated in medicinal use since ancient times. The antibacterial properties of honey on a wide variety of microorganisms, particularly bacteria causing wound infections, has been demonstrated. Due to the resistance of many bacteria to antibiotics, this feature of honey is particularly important. Honey composition is diverse according to plant origin, geographical area and also processing methods. Proteins and enzymes are the most important components of honey, which are crucial in determining its quality. Floral origin is one of the most important parameters of honey quality and is economically important. For attribution of floral and geographical origin in the composition and therapeutic properties of honey, the necessity of assessing and evaluating new honey types from different floral species and various environmental conditions will be approved. Considering the advantage of the climate diversity and vegetation of Iran, improving the quantity and quality of production, processing and supply of honey in the country, not only impact on the public health promotion and increase participation in agricultural products, can improve the country’s pivotal role in providing the regional standards is honey.

There are different methods for the killing of animals around the world. The Islamic method of animal slaughtering, called halal slaughter. Several studies have shown that different type of slaughtering was influenced on post-mortem quality, chemical and biochemical composition such as iron, heme and glucose levels in blood, as well as physical properties such as color and water holding capacity of the meat and its antimicrobial properties. In this Study, a comparative of halal slaughtering to other types of slaughtering was performed. In this paper, safety and quality of halal meat and other killings are examined from the perspective of biochemistry, biophysics and microbial biology.

No country has unlimited resources to achieve its goals, to select policy options, policy makers must adjust their policy goals to the collective mandates and rationales of available resources and national goals. Iran is nowadays involved with the evaluation of Joint Action Comprehensive of Action Plan (JCPA) and Security Council resolutions 2231. Evaluation of the impacts of JCPA on the technology development process in Iran is not possible without understanding the progressive and expanding impacts of the international sanctions that JCAP This paper, first, aims to highlight the milestone of this historic process and analyze the sanctions according to their coverage, depth and extension. Then, it performs a comparative study between the provisions of JCAP and SC Resolution 2231 on one hand, and the previous international instruments which imposed international, unilateral and multilateral sanctions against Iran. It finally concluded that the JCAP and the recent UN resolution can provide an appropriate international setting for the Iranian technology development and to validate its argument. The paper proceeds to analyze the Official Document of the project for modernization project of Arak heavy water reactor.

The aim of this paper is introducing industrial clusters by referring to its characteristics and analysis their role in regional development in order to firstly achieving to a framework for identifying industrial clusters and secondly determine the influence of industrial clusters on regional development. In this regard, in the first stage industrial clusters concept reviewed and in the second one the industrial clusters characteristics classified and in the last stage the role of them analysis. Results indicate that attention should be paid to the physical (geographical concentration, increased division of labor, existence of skilled workers, existence of technology and objective institutions and existence of infrastructure) and operational (economical linkage, technological linkage and institutional linkage) characteristics for identifying industrial clusters. In addition, industrial clusters have different economic, social and physical impacts on regional development such as more entrepreneurship, economic efficiency, competitiveness advantage in globalization process and finally institutional, social capital and civil society improvement.

The present article introduces the open source software R. The R was first produced in the Auckland University, New Zealand, as a free ware. It has become a favorite software, especially, in the area of statistical analyses. The day-to-day growth of R returns to the global determination stemming from the eager enthusiasts who share their findings with others. The R is a programming language as well, enabling the researchers to design software or change them in a way that is suitable at most for their researches. In addition to data analysis, R has graphical abilities producing a wide range of graphs that are needed in various fields of science. The present study introduces some of the R’s abilities.

In recent years, development of geographic information systems (GIS) has brought many capabilities such as integrating, visualizing, managing and analyzing spatial data which could be used to control and prevent diseases and build up health plans. For example, a GIS can help to recognize which cities are exposed to disease while health centers are not sufficient to service them. Overlapping different thematic map of disease factors with geographic borderlines in a GIS can lead to discover the relationship between these factors and disease rate. Therefore, GIS helps to codification of health care policies and procedure in different regions of the country. Diabetes as a main issue of public health is one of the most important concerns in our country. Thus, in this paper the role of GIS in analyzing diabetes is discussed. Geographical visualization of patients and classification of their information are the basic features. Other important analytical capabilities for the case of diabetes are spatial interpolation, clustering point patterns, detecting ecological relationships, analyzing regional patterns and recognizing hotspots. We will cover all of these topics in this paper. In addition, based on the existing data of diabetics in Iran, the continuous map of disease rate as well as hotspot regions have been prepared and discussed.

Although at first glance, the literature of game theory and microeconomics are considered more theoretical efforts, but recent efforts by some economists represents bridging between the theory and practice. This paper focuses on the literature of “Matching” and “Market Design” referred to case study of problems in kidney market, step by step, explains this bridging. The purpose of this paper is to describe framework, requirements and some practical obstacles in applicability of “Matching” and “Market Design’s” Studies. The paper shows that the gap between theory and application result in exacerbating problems, decreasing social welfare and ineffectiveness of some policies. Pointing the places of economic, management, mathematics and medicine researchers in the cultivation of this research program is a goal of this article.

The increased use of mobile phone by public is accompanied by a bulky attempts of contradictory reports about the possible adverse health effects. The mobile phone effects could arise from exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) by the user and neighbors of stations. Given the increased numbers of customers of mobile phones, even small adverse effects on health could have significant public health implications. Here we tried to review recent studies about adverse effects of exposure to radiofrequency fields (RF) and discussing the obtained knowledge related to the biophysical and medical effects of exposure to these non-ionizing radiation. The investigations to found out adverse effects mainly are related to the effects on cancer, genotoxic, fertility, proteins and DNA. Finally, some recommendations for decreasing these possible adverse effects are proposed.

In many universities around the world, there are strict regulations for the employment of relatives. These regulations are implemented to avoid the conflict of individual interests. A lot of research studies have been conducted on the employment of relatives in family firms which have had different results. Overall, these studies show both positive and negative effects for the employment of relatives in family firms. Employment of relatives at universities; however, is restricted by laws. The present paper reviews the employment policies of some important universities in some countries and suggests the implementation of similar policies for the universities in Iran.