Hormozgan Medical Journal
Volume:19 Issue: 4, Oct-Nov 2015

Enterococci are gram-positive coccoid bacteria that are present in the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract in human, and many mammals and birds, as well as the environment. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) are a major and rising problem in hospitals throughout the world. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of strains of Enterococci and the pattern of drug sensitivity in clinical samples.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 samples of Enterococcus in 2012. The diagnostic kit of RapID STR System was used for identification of Enterococcus species. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions. E-Test was used to determine Vancomycin MIC.

Of the 54 isolates of Enterococci, the obtained strains included 38 E. faecalis (70.40%), 10 E. faecium (18.50%), 3 E. hirae (5.55%), one E. mudtii (1.85%), one E. durans (1.85%), and one E. avium (1.85%). Thirteen strains had vancomycin MIC>32 μg/mL. They had the highest resistance to gentamicin and cephalexin by 70.40% and the lowest resistance to linezolid by 3.70%. The highest resistant strain was obtained from urine (76.9%) and internal ward (46.1%).

The substantial abundance of VRE isolated from the study area necessitates the performance of controlling measures.

Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs) in E. coli creates many problems for patients. These enzymes are located on transferable elements and can hydrolyze penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. This study aimed to determine the clinical isolates of E. coli producing ESBLs of blaSHV and blaTEM in the city of Zanjan.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 E. coli isolates from clinical samples, including urine, feces, and secretions. The samples were cultured on EMB agar medium and the isolates were confirmed with various diagnostic tests. Then the sensitivity of strains to antibiotics and the production of ESBLs were determined by disc diffusion and combined disc methods, respectively. Finally, the presence of blaSHV and blaTEM genes was investigated by PCR using specific primers.
Amoxicillin had the highest resistance by 68.5% (137 isolates) and imipenem the lowest by zero percent. Resistance to the studied antibiotics were as follows; co-trimoxazole 46.5% (93 isolates), cefotaxime 34.5% (69 isolates), ceftazidime 31.5% (63 isolates), cefepime 29.5% (59 isolates), gentamycin 28.5% (57 isolates), aztreonam 45% (90 isolates), ciprofloxacin 25.5% (51 isolates), co-amoxiclave 18.5% (37 isolates), cefoxitin 19% (38 isolates), and amikacin 4.5% (9 isolates). According to the combined disc test, 66 strains (33%) were ESBL-producing enzymes and the frequency of blaTEM and blaSHV genes was 46.9% (31 isolates) and 56% (37 isolates), respectively.
Given the resistance of ESBL strains to existing antibiotics and the ability to transfer these genes to other clinical isolates, performing antibiotic sensitivity tests and detection of ESBLs in laboratories is necessary for reducing treatment failure.

Premature infants are born prior to the development of cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, and central nervous systems. A significant number of these infants experience oral feeding problems. In this study, we investigated the effects of empty breast and pacifier sucking on the growth of preterm infants in Children and Shariati Hospitals of Bandar Abbas.

In this clinical trial, a total of 69 children were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. The first and second groups received oral stimulation with mothers’ breast and pacifier, respectively, twice a day (morning and evening) each lasting 15 minutes. A third group was selected as the control group with no intervention. Head circumference and weight were measured on a weekly and a daily basis, respectively, by one person. The length of stay and the number of days to start oral feeding with a syringe and then breast were also evaluated. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16 through descriptive methods and statistical tests and P

Of the 69 infants enrolled in the study, 4 children did not complete it due to deterioration of conditions. After matching of the 3 groups, the number of days elapsed to syringe feeding was 14.5, 16.5, and 12.2 days in the first, second, and third groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them. The number of days elapsed to breast feeding was averagely 21.7, 22, and 20 days in the first, second, and third groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them.

The results indicated that non-nutritional sucking through mother’s breast and pacifier does not affect the growth of premature infants.

Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral nerve involvement. Evaluating the effect of antioxidants on diabetic neuropathic pain is important. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of Angipars medicine in the treatment of neuropathic hyperalgesia in single dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
The study was performed on 50 Spraque dawley rats of 250-300 grams weight. The rats were divided into four groups of control, sham, Angipars-receiving diabetic, and vehicle-receiving diabetic, with at least 8 rats in each group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin dissolved in a 0.05 M citrate buffer. After confirming the diabetes, the diabetic rats received (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) Angipars and vehicle for 2 weeks. At the end of the eighth week, the control and treated rats were examined through the hot plate and tail flick tests. ANOVA was used to evaluate the statistical difference and P At the end of the eighth week, the response time to thermal hyperalgesia decreased in the vehicle and sham groups compared with the control group. Angipars at doses of 5 and 10 mg increased the response time to thermal hyperalgesia compared to the vehicle and sham groups in hot plate test. In the tail flick test, 10mg Angipars increased the response time to pain similar to the control group.
This study showed that, as an antioxidant, Angipars is capable of reducing neuropathic hyperalgesia in animals with diabetes.

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Various herbs have been used to control diabetes complications. This study aimed at investigating the effect of Citrullus colocynthis pulp on diabetes-induced renal damage in male rats.
A total of 36 rats were divided into 6 groups: 1- normal (N), 2- normal 10 mg/kg colocynth (Nଢ଼), 3- normal 30 mg/kg colocynth (N୽), 4- diabetic (D), 5- diabetic mg/kg colocynth (Dଢ଼), and 6- diabetic mg/kg colocynth (D୽). The rats received colocynth pulp through gavage for two weeks. The obtained data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey test using SPSS 16.
The diabetic rats showed a sharp rise in the volume of urine, clearance of albumin, clearance of creatinine, and serum urea. Administration of colocynth in diabetic rats improved the changes to normal.
The results of this study show that colocynth pulp has the potential to treat diabetes and to prevent the relevant kidney damages.

Several studies have shown the relationship between emotion regulation and different mental disorders, so that difficulty in emotion regulation, as a key component, has been proposed in several psychopathology models of different mental disorders. On the other hand, high scores in insecure attachment styles are correlated to a variety of psychological problems and disorders. Given limited research in the field of these two variables in somatization patients, the present study investigated these variables in patients with somatization and normal people.
In the context of a causal-comparative study, 30 patients with somatization disorder and 30 normal persons responded to Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Hazan and Shaver attachment styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed using independent t-test.
The results indicated a significant difference between patients with somatization disorder and normal individuals in terms of emotion regulation (reappraisal: P=0.007; suppression: P Somatizing patients suppress their emotions more than normal people and use less reappraisal. They also have more avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles than secure attachment style.

Studies have reported hyperlipidemia and its complications, such as diabetes, along with aging. Omentin-1, on the other hand, is a protein that is secreted in visceral adipose tissue and can increase insulin sensitivity. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of aerobic exercise on resting levels of omentin-1, C-reactive protein, and some metabolic parameters in middle-aged men.
A total of 30 volunteers were enrolled in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups and their blood samples were collected. Those in the experimental group participated in an eight-week aerobic program of running with 35-40% of maximum heart rate for 10 minutes in the first week which augmented to 70% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes in the eighth week. Blood samples were collected again from both groups (post-test) 48 hours after the eight weeks.
The results showed that aerobic exercise for eight weeks led to a significant increase in resting levels of omentin-1 and high density lipoprotein (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). The exercise resulted also in a significant decrease in resting levels of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.001 and P=0.003, respectively), and non-significant decrease in total cholesterol in middle-aged men (P=0.082).
According to the results of this study, middle-aged men can prevent complications arising from decreased omentin-1 and HDL and increased levels of CRP, LDL, and TC by enjoying from aerobic exercise

Physical activity and obesity affect the release of effective adipokines. In this regard, the present study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous exercise in water and land (running on a treadmill) on visfatin, insulin, and blood glucose in pre and post menopausal obese women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 18 obese women of Bandar Abbas City were divided into two groups of postmenopausal and premenopausal. The subjects performed 4 intermittent and continuous exercises in water and land. Land sports activities included running on a treadmill and water sports activities included aerobic movements with an intensity of 70-80% of the maximum heart rate for 30 minutes. Before and after the implementation of exercise protocols, serum levels of visfatin and insulin were measured through ELISA and those of glucose through colorimetric method. The collected data were analyzed using dependent t-test, analysis of covariance (2×4), and post hoc Bonferroni test with a significance level of P

After 4 types of physical activity, serum levels of visfatin did not change significantly compared to before activity and there was also no significant difference between the two groups of women (P

It seems that women’s menopausal status have no effect on response of visfatin, insulin, and blood glucose to intermittent and continuous exercise in water and land. However, intermittent exercise leads to a better response in these variables compared with continuous exercise.

Many biological, chemical, physiological, and anatomical changes occur during pregnancy in women’s body. These changes make them vulnerable both physically and mentally. The present study examined the quality of life of pregnant women and factors associated with it.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 pregnant women referred to health centers and clinics of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2012 in the city of Bandar Abbas. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to collect the data, which were analyzed with SPSS 16.
The mean score for quality of life in pregnant women was 58.2±14.89. Based on the results, among the 8 dimensions of quality of life, mental health and social functioning had the highest mean scores of 71.11 and 69.28 and physical problems and psychological problems had the lowest scores of 32.49 and 48.78, respectively. There was significant differences in terms of mean score of quality of life between different age groups (P=0.032), different degrees of satisfaction with the economic situation (P Our data suggest that the quality of life of pregnant women is low due to the influence of certain factors on the dimensions of quality of life. Therefore, quality of life during pregnancy can be promoted by considering these variables and planning to reduce their impact.

Activity-based costing system is one of the new systems of costing price of products and services for providing the required information for managers. It helps the users with correct and appropriate deciesions. The present study aims at determining the costing price of the services based on activity costing method in Lamerd Valiyeasr Hospital.
The present study is a cross-sectional and practical study. In this study, 9 activity centers were evaluated based on activity-based costing in Lamerd Valiyeasr Hospital in 2013. Data collecting instruments were check list of the direct and indirect costs of the related activity centers. In this study the costs were evaluated by direct allotment method.
The results indicate that the costing price in these 9 activity centers is more than the tariff rate enacted in 2011-2012 with a significant difference.
The present study showed that there is a significant difference between the real price of the studied activities and the enacted traiffs. The costing price of the services can be reducted by improving functions, specially, by revising human resource management actions and also by standardizing the services utilization to reduce the utilizing costs.