نشریه مهندسی نقشه برداری و اطلاعات مکانی
سال ششم شماره 4 (پیاپی 24، آذر 1394)

Human activities are the main cause of current changes in the Earth's atmosphere, oceans and natural landscapes and it is increasingly being important factors affecting the normal environmental, social and economic function of the soil. Such changes require measuring, monitoring and modeling so by accurate understanding of the changes it can help to the decision-makers to make informed decisions about climate change, food security, biofuel production, the fight against environmental destruction and other issues. In this context, the creation of a web-based database on a national territory through the collection, storage, evaluation, and finally to provide georeferenced data from different soil properties, the development of accurate, fast and low cost research in the agricultural sciences, natural resources, watershed management, environmental will be provided. This paper is going to introduce and explain how to create the database, to increase the utilization of the different users.

Selection the optimum location of bank branches is one of the most important decisions in banking activity with significant effect on its performance. Bank branches site selection is a competitive facility location problem that a bank in competition with other banks to increase itself market Share in order to achieve maximum benefit attempt to establish one or more its branches of the best places in the competitive market. Positioning bank branches is NP-Hard problem that with the increasing number of demand points and branches, computational complexity of the problem increases exponentially. On the other hand, the search space of problem solutions also is widespread so using simple GIS analysis functions as well as certain techniques and heuristic algorithms is not resolved easily. Then to solve it is better be used meta heuristic algorithms in accordance with the terms of problem. The present research is to find suitable locations for new branches of bank "A" in the market to compete with existing branches of bank "B" that genetic algorithm is used to optimize the location of branches in four zone of the municipality seven region in the tehran. Process so that the required data s have been collected from sources and have been prepared with GIS software s to entry of algorithm. Genetic algorithm's objective function consist of two objective function. One is maximize the total market share obtained by bank A (Market Share), the other is minimizing the total market share lost in the existing branches of bank A because for the arrival of a new branch of the bank A in a competitive market (Cannibalization). That with initial population of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 each was run 100 times. The results showed that the best objective function value is equal. After that obtained optimal locations from algorithm, displayed by GIS softwares to help bank administrators for spatial analysis and decision-making. Finally, comparison the results of the genetic algorithm with weighted sum in GIS Represent of the two techniques were much adapted.

The infrastructure of the most administrative and civil activities in societies are based on the authentic cognition and appropriate use of the spatial data. For the optimal use of the spatial data in the interoperable environment, the gradual process of GISs has begotten SDI technologies. In fact, GIS technology since 1960 that was proposed for the first time till now has some changes and development. For the best and collective use of spatial data, we must provide the suitable environment to facilitate data sharing and informing about spatial data and creating an interoperable environment for users in order to access data. Spatial Data Infrastructure provides suitable and comprehensive structure for the coordination of linked activities to spatial information and also increasing the informing of existence, condition or qualification of data as the more usage of them in the various functions and the user’s decisions making. In this research, we investigate the process of GIS emersion and Web-based GIS, function of a local GIS and WebGIS and description of their functionality and specifications will be mentioned. Then, we will insinuate the necessary of SDI, purposes, advantages and details and finally the electronic platform for implementation by considering the nowadays technologies and need to facilitate systematic data sharing. On the other hand, since the emergence of SDI till now, it has had the significant evolution and development in the structure and capabilities to be interoperable with the users in order to resolve their needs. As nowadays, experts have proposed the new generation of SDI to consider the user’s priorities and needs for more bilateral interoperability.

Nowadays, by appearing new science and technologies like ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, and also Mobile GIS, the dream of creating smart partners for every human has been fairly fulfilled. Although, processing power and speed were two aspects of developing computing tools in the past, these days versatility is the most important goal for inventing new computing devices. So, it can be predicted that future devices will come to daily life of human and so the abstraction process of information and displaying useful ones is one of the main concerns in future Mobile environments. In this study, by considering the basic role of showing spatial information in Mobile environments, we tend to explain different and also important tools for showing information on Mobile devices with Android operating system. Despite the critical importance of mentioned purpose, no comprehensive study has been done in this area yet. In addition, based on each tool, different services will be developed and performance of each method will be experimented and discussed. At the end, by the weighing of pros and cons, all of the advantages and also disadvantages of each method will be explained. In summary, the results of this study can be considered as the starting point for any kind of Mobile GIS projects.

Many transportation planning systems are based on travel time. People usually use location based services to find fastest rout in cities. Such services need accurate information about travel times of network links. With the advent of modern positioning approaches and AVL equipped vehicles, estimating travel times is more possible than ever. Vehicles that collect information about route condition are called Probe Vehicles. Currently in Tehran, city buses are equipped with GPS enabled AVL systems. Determining travel time of links using spatial and temporal data requires spatio-temporal analysis. In this study a new method is proposed for determining the travel time of vehicles using bus probe and signal timing data. The method is based on historical and real-time data. Techniques for considering bus stop dwell time and signal delay is introduced. In addition travel time is divided to link’s speed and signal’s delay. Results of model shows that bus probes are promising to determine travel time in signalized arterial links.

Calculation gravity or related parameter’s to gravity on the earth’s surface is the important parameters in the geodesy. Once method of calculating gravity on the earth’s surface, using data and or other words using space mission’s gravity. That this article using spherical harmonic coefficients obtained goce satellites (up to degree and order 250) we calculation gravity anomaly, and in the finally, with calculation of normal gravity field (on the ellipsoids); that change normal gravity is function of latitude, we can calculation gravity on the earth surface.

Lately, LIDAR technique has been widely used to generate digital terrain model of forest areas.Because,it is not possible to generate digital terrain model in forest areas by satellite and aerial images and also by land surveyor,economicaliy is not possible because of high expenses and taking a long time.The method which is explained in this report for extracting non-terrestrial points from last pulse points in primary step is skewness balancing algorithm.This method is almost capable of removing non-terrestrial points from last pulse points and the remain points can be considered as terrestrial ones.Using this algorithm,most of non-terrestrial points were removed but since the removed points were extracted from last pulse points,it might contained some terrestrial points.For obtaining these points,the points due to primary step must be substracted from last pulse points and then compare the results,with first pulse points by elevation differences.Then this result should be combined with the primary step points to gain new terrestrial points.But because of the ground slope,non-terrestrial points near ground could not be removed by two steps before.For removing them,the slope filter method can be used.The remained points can be accepted as terrestrial points.At last,by using B-Spline method,these points will be interpolated and we get digital terrain model ,with the height accuracy of .2 meter.