پژوهشنامه نهج البلاغه
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1394)

The main purpose of Defamiliarization that is usually done through highlighting and breaking the norm of speech in discourse is drawing attention of the audiences to the subject.
Defamiliarization disrupts the normal and the expected process of speech.One of the Defamiliarization and high lighting styles of speech is “Apostrophe” (Elefat) that has been used frequently in Nahj-al-Balaghe sermons along with other rhetorical techniques. This makes Imam Alis (AS) sermons more attractive and more effective. In these sermons, the full interaction between thought and speech produce fruitful results and supreme thoughts flow through the selected word, and effective and appropriate style.
The present study tries to investigate in a descriptive- analytic way the application of Apostrophe (Eltefat) through changes in different styles including manipulation of pronouns, persons and numbers. It also attempt to prove the hypothesis that many kinds of Apostrophe (Eltefat) in Nahj-al-Balaghe have been used considering their rhetorical intentions. These Apostrophes influence different levels of speech behaviors through changes in pronouns, persons, verb tenses, syntactic structures and so on.

“Cohesion” is the grammatical and lexical linking within a text that holds a text together and gives it meaning. Analysis of cohesion in texts has been considered by many analysts. In this paper, we are going to analyze the "reference" as one of the "textual integrity" in" A trilingual selection from Nahj-al-Balagha in Arabic, Persian and English” that is written by Mrs. T. Saffarzadeh, according to the principles of Michael Halliday and R. Hasan.
In this research with using systematic sampling and comparative analyzing between arabic' English & Persian texts of Nahj-al-Balaghe Firstly, according to Cochran's formula, among 1111 sentences in this book, 285 sentences were selected, .In these phrases, the "references" were identified, isolated and compared. To investigate this hypothesis, chi-square test and crosstabs were used.
In our results, we find that in the original text and the translated text of Nahj-al-Balaghe ," reference" and" relevant components" are used more than any other cohesive factors . However, compared to the use of reference between the Arabic, Persian and English, there are significant differences.

The purpose of this research was Developing and Accrediting an Islamic Spiritual Leadership Framework in Organization From the Perspective of Nahj-al-Balaghe. Statistical population was faculty members and experts in the field of Islamic management in Shiraz University which in qualitative stage 30, and in quantitative stage 34 people, were selected by “theorical saturation non-random sampling method” and “critical case non-random sampling method” respectively. This study was a mixed researched from sequential exploratory type, which using Aligning Multiple Data Method was developed and accredited primary theoretical framework. The results of research in qualitative stage, showed that Islamic spiritual leadership consisted of insight, attitude and action dimensions. Insight dimension consisted of the components such as Believe, Rational and Specialty; attitude dimension consisted of the components such as Emotional and Culture making; and action dimension consisted of the components such as Self making and Steering. Also in quantitative stage, fitting of measurement model using Conformity Factor Analysis was evaluated.In this sector, the results showed that this framework validity and reliability is confirmed. Thus, final framework of this research can appropriate foundation for leaders recognition from their position. This results also can placed foundation for measurement and present of solutions of organizational managements role improvement as a spiritual leaders in their organization. Moreover, according to described indexes in this framework, can present proportionate trainings for the best perform of this roles.

The relationship between reason and faith with each other and Interaction of believers of religions to Reason Has long been thought to discuss and debate various groups. Because On the one hand, it seems to be some believers that might just have a look all their attention solely on the teachings of the scriptures and in addition to any other source of inspiration ignore. On the other hand, some people, accuse the religions and scriptures to be opposition contrary to reason. Although appropriate responses at different times by Muslim scholars in both perspectives is; However, in this article we trying to look at Particular attention of the Imam Ali (AS) as One of the most prominent followers and commentators in this regard.
Light on the precise words of Imam in Nahj-al-Balaghe and even other resources, Obtained that both the foregoing is false and inexpressive look and this great Imam have Special Account and special attention to the reasoning and being believer-based reasoning.

Epistemology studies as independent science is not very old.Due to span and application it in all fields always is from the research priorities. Depending on the type and subject of study (essence of science or belonging it) cleave into two branches of general epistemology and special epistemology. However, research in this arearegardless of the sources of revelation and owners it certainly would be a incomplete research. of these among Nahj-al-Balaghe and owners it Ali (AS) after the holy Quran and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) hasthe highest position in this field.Therefore,in this paperis triedaccording to special epistemologyAlavi Science in Nahj-al-Balaghe is study.Based on this researchScience Alavi has eight feature: 1-Revelation orientation 2- Intuitionism 3- Verism 4-Inwardness 5-Unitarianism 6-Furthermore orientation 7- Inclusivism 8- Particularism.

Nahj-al-Balaghe is a collection of precious speech made by the master of speech, Hazrat Ali(AS) and After holy Quran is among the influential trainings playing determining role in building and nurturing moral aspect of humanity, because Imam Ali is the infinite sea of divine wisdoms and his elegant application of words entailing deep meanings and trainings has fascinated many avid rhetoric fans.But the issue that has intensified its attraction is the verbal purity leading his speech to reach the peak of rhetoric. In other words, by avoiding using offensive and indecent words and by applying certain ethical and nurturing method, Imam tries to invite people to refinement and purification.His great sensitivity to selection of words and phrases hasled him to avoid applying incorrect and inappropriate words and in this way the profundity and effectiveness of his speech have been doubled.
The present study aimed at revealing and analyzing various type of purity noticed in speech of Imam Ali (AS). It has been found that Imam has applied various speech techniques to euphemizeindecent and unpleasant words with the most refined and pure substitutions in a way to keep the reputation of people and to avoid divulgence.

As one of the sub-branches of the semantic deviation, visualization tries to examine the aesthetic features and elements of literary texts, and has an inextricable relation with rhetoric and the literary figures of those texts. As a way to express the abstract and the mental concepts, visualization tries to portray these concepts as the concert and tangible images in literary texts to make them appear dynamic and alive. Concerning different dimensions, either its form or content, Nahj-al-Balaghe has got a tight connection with the Quran. It means that Imam Ali(AS) has taken into account the aesthetic and the elevated language of the Quran to express his own thoughts and his epistemological concepts. It is why much of the Quranic literary images have been overtly reflected in Nahj-al-Balaghe. In his elevated use of speech, Imam Ali goes so far as his coherent and interwoven speech becomes identical with divine speech so that in his speech the texts and the inter-texts become identical. This paper aims to study the Quranic visual images in Nahj-al-Balaghe in the light of the semantic relations of deviation. In this sense, the Quranic visual images that are portrayed in the forms of anthropomorphism, animism and physicality, are analysed and evaluated in Nahj-al-Balaghe to show that how these kinds of visualization become functional in the context of Imam Ali’s speech. It seems that animism in comparison to other kinds of visualization has got a higher frequency.