نشریه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1389)

The present paper is part of an expanded research which examines influence and effect of international environment and Islamic movements by systematic study and using DSR study model. In this study, the effect of driving force on the state and its response and consequence have been examined and tried to provide an image for resultant of driving force's internal and external forces in middle east environment.
Whereas some of these forces have greater weight in giving mobility to the situation, this article has described these elements in detail and examined the possible reponses.

After Taliban's collapse and US multilateral attack on Afghanistan, British soldiers as a part of alliance forces under US leadership entered Bagram airport in 16 November 2001 and the presence of US and Britain was began.
Afghanistan neighboring with Pakistan and China, having common long border with Islamic Republic of Iran, cultivation and production of opium and several kinds of narcotics, proximity to India and Russia, having access to energy of Central Asia and … are the important reasons of US and Britain presence in Afghanistan.
After nine years occupation of Afghanistan, US and Britain gradually have had different opinions about management and how dealing with Taliban and building security in this country; but they think the same about great and strategic goals.
Although the presence of transnational powers should be examined in greater political and economic process in middle east, central Asia and south Asia, this article considers US and Britain policies in Afghanistan's political scene.

Hamas, Palestine's islamic resistance movement, has had a history full of ups and downs and has been able to transform from a Jihadi movement to a political-jihadi movement. Climax of jihadi, political, social and economic experiences of Hamas was from January 2006 to April 2010 which it empowered in Palestine.
The present paper tries to describe Hamas's governance experience during four years of political leadership especially in Gaza strip in governmental, security, economic, media, judicial and legislation areas.

The depth and expansion of the current political-security developments in Pakistan, especially in extremism field, represent intelectual-religious roots among the present actors in the scene. A realistic glance at the nature of the events in confronting with extremism, proves inefficiency of the current strategies. Failure of Pakistan's governing body in managing political-security situations is discussed, while intellectual-military encountering in two opposite fronts are tied to the survival and fate of Pakistan.
The result of current situation is the most important concern which has been tied to the regional security. In this research, the belief is that the nature of intellectual-religious developments in Pakistan's Islamism front specially challenges and the perspectives determines Pakistan's future life. Without doubt, as much as political-military attitudes lead to radicalization of Islamism in Pakistan, intensification of the violence would become Popular.

This article examines the changes that have occurred in Saudi Arabia-Yemen relations and the reason of Saudi Arabia entering to the Saada War. At first, the relations between two countries is examined since Taif Agreement in brief and then we consider reason and nature of these developments and its impact on Saudi Arabia's attitude to Yemen. This article helps more comprehensive understanding of these countrie's relations specially reason of Saudi Arabia entering to the Saada war.

Shias in Tanzania are divided to different groups and the important phenomenon among the shia sects in this country is "Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslims". Khoja Shias, due to the systematic organizational structure, have the integrated propagandistic centers, schools, hospitals and their own hotels. World Federation of Khoja Shias manage political affairs of these Shias with offices in Africa and Britain. Khoja Shias are a powerful minority who have put dissemination of Shia culture and Ahl-albayt's religion as the model of their work. This group considers its religious duty the works such as poverty removing, supporting deprived people and providing and expanding welfare as a necessity for human growth and development of society. Also it Plays an important role in Tanzania's economy and in other words they hold the pulse of Tanzania's economy in their hands. But they do not intervene in politics and by taking silence position toward events and different policies of the country, do not enter to the political scene. In fact, economy and economic issues are considered as the fundamental and vital issue for Khoja Shias which overshadow all of the other issues and generally in Khoja shia's perspective, economy and politics scenes are two distinct ones. Khojas Shias have a good relation with Islamic Republic of Iran and seeking to cooperate in different areas specially economic and religious ones.

Hosni Mobarak, Egyptian president appointed Dr. Mohammad Tayeb as the sheikh of Al-Azhar. Tayeb in addition to religious and academic status in Al-Azhar, have the responsibility of Imam status in Khalwati sect. The new Sheikh is continuing the way of Tantawy in moderation attitude and moderate and interactional Islam with west. His two main missions in this way are:1.Developing government's social base considering institutionalization of Sufism in government system and his status in khalwati;
2. Moving along the revival of Al-Azhar in Islam world with Sufization of Al-Azhar and providing moderate Islam, moderation, agreeing with modernism and interactional with west.