فصلنامه پیشگیری و سلامت
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1394)

Sedentary life is one of the most important risk factors to many diseases.Transtheoretical model is one of the models for studing behavior that accounts for people’s readiness to behavior change. This study aimed to investigate the regular physical activity based on transtheoretical model among female high-school students Gorgan city, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study , 414 female students randomly recruited through a two- stage method in 2012 . the questionnaires were stages of change by Marcus et al, Decisional Balance, Self- Efficacy, and Processes of Change by Nigg et al . The data was analyzied by descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-whietny, and logistic regression tests.
Findings:.Of 414 , 46.1% were in precontemplation stage, 5.8% in contemplation,23.7% in preparation, 12.3% in action, and 12.1% in maintanenec stage. The highest effect size was related to behavioral processes. the most powerful effect size was for self-liberation (0.23), stimulus control (0.19), and counter conditioning (0.17), respectively.
Conclussion: The findings indicated that about three-quarters of the students were in the earlier stages of chang and have sedentary life. It seems that some approperiate interventions are needed to move the participants from early stages of physical activity to later stages.

Self-Medication is an epidemic case whole over the world. It contains the use of a kind of drug for curing or preventing of being sick or improving health without a specialist prescription. This survey was done to consider Isfahan nurses’ perception regarding the causes of self- medication in patients.
This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 291 nurses who working in 10 private hospitals of Isfahan which selected through randomly. Gathered data were entered to SPSS software, version 20, and were analyzed with descriptive statistics along with Mann-Whitney and Spearman rank correlation tests. Alpha level set at ≤0.05.
Findings: The first reason of self-medication was the high cost of treatment and drug with 82.1%.The second reason was pre experience of sickness at a rate of 72.5% and the third reason was ignorant of the side effects of drug at a rate of 72.5%.
Based on the result of the current survey it seems that increasing co-operation between groups to reduce the cost of physicians visit fee and offering ways like the prohibition on selling drugs without prescription, and using mass media like TV to increase of people information can decrease the request form using intractable drugs.

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardio vascular diseases. Hypertension increases the odds ratio of cerebrovascular accident, cardiac attack, heart and renal failure. This study aimed at determining of hypertension prevalence in the employees engaging in Maraveh Tappeh In 2013.
In this descriptive study with census method, the employees of Maraveh Tappeh were surveyed. The instruments were sphygmomanometer and Iranian Health Minister's questionnaire for hypertension screening. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and linear regression tests using SPSS.
Findings: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 8.3% and the Pre-hypertension prevalence was 36.6%. There was a positive significant correlation between age and systolic hypertension (=0.228), and between age and diastolic hypertension ( =0.196). Besides, there was a positive significant correlation between BMI and systolic hypertension ( =.367), and between BMI and diastolic pressure too ( =0.267). The linear regression showed that the blood pressure increases 0.53 mmHg per a year of increasing of age.
given that the prevalence of hypertension partially is low, more than one-third of the staff has pre-hypertension, which is an alarming sign. Hence, it is a necessity to do screening, to give awareness and to treat the sufferers.

Medical student's health is very important because in addition to their health, society health is impressed. Therefore current study was done with the aim of evaluating mental health status in dormitory resident student of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS).
In this descriptive-analytical study that was done in 2011, 235 students of GUMS were selected by stratified sampling method. Data were collected using general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Gathered data were entered to SPSS 18 and analyzed using Chi-Square test.
Findings: On the basis of 23 as cut-point, 41.7% of students were suspected to mental disorder, and each of the areas 32.3% suspected physical disorder, 42.6% of suspected anxiety disorder, 66.8% suspected social dysfunction and 22.6% depressive disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders in low-income students was higher than high income students. There wasn’t significant relation between mental health status with age, sex, marital status, location, father's occupation, major and ethnicity. (p According to low level of mental health and its importance in more than Two-Fifth of the students, we recommend appropriate intervention was done especially for low income students.

Since adolescent's intellectual growth is not perfect, they are not able to control their behaviour the same as adults and they might show rapid and intense reactions like aggression. Given to the harmful impact of aggression on their social development, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of aggression and associated factors in adolescents in Gonbad-e-kavous.
in this cross-sectional study, 570 students were selected through cluster random sampling in 2013-2014 academic years. The data was collected by Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire and analysed through linear regression (p≤0.01) using SPSS 18.
Findings: The students were 15.99±0.89 with a range of 14-18 years. The prevalence of aggression was 42.4% (43.7% in females and 41% in males). There was a significant correlation between ethnicity and their aggressive behaviour in that it was the lowest among Turkmen participants (p Given the high prevalence of aggression in high schools students, decreasing of computer games and recognizing of cultural and ethnic factors can be effective in controlling of aggression.

The entrance of heavy metals such as lead into drinking water resources from several ways results in various health hazards such as poisoning and carcinogenicity among living organisms. This study aimed to determine the concentration of lead in Golestan province drinking water resources and to compare it with national and international standards.
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted, in 2013, on 64 samples of groundwater resources in Golestan province. The Concentration of lead in each sample was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. After preparing the scattering layer of 64 wells, the geostatistical study was performed. To provide Kriging map and spherical five-dimensional model, basemaps using AutoCAD ArcGIS were applied. Gathered data were analysed using SPSS18.
Findings: The results showed that the concentration of lead for all of the samples was less than both WHO and national standard of Iran. The concentration of lead increased in line with increasing the depth of the wells. Furthermore, the highest and the lowest lead level were related to salty lands and forests, respectively.
while the concentration of lead in Golestan province drinking water resources has no hazard for consumers, it is recommended that a periodic monitoring be performed to detect the increase of lead due to the shortage of drinking water resources.

Thalassemia is a chronic hemolytic anemia, affecting on all body systems and mental health of adolescents, may leads to depression. We aimed to determine the effect of partnership caring model on depression of adolescents with major thalassemia
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 adolescents with major thalassemia referred to Razi hospital of Ghemshaher city and Bo-Ali hospital of Sari city in 2014. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of intervention and control group. The Demographic data and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) questionnaires were completed before the intervention in both groups. Partnership caring model was performed based on motivation, readiness, and involvement and evaluation stages. Three months after intervention, the BDI II was completed again, the data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney-U test, and Wilcoxon tests using SPSS 22.
Findings: Before intervention, the mean scores of depression in case (20.78) and control (20.23) were not significantly different (P = 0.881) using Mann-Whitney-U test. After intervention, the difference between case (12.63) and control (28.38) was statistically significant (P Partnership caring model can mitigate the depression of adolescents with major thalassemia.

several family and social factors are involved in drug tendency, which are important in performing preventive programs. This study aimed to assess the association of parents and friends’ addiction with drug tendency of the individuals referring by themselves to Panje Azar drug rehabilitation center in Gorgan city.
In a matched case-control study, 120 of people referring to drug rehabilitation center were selected randomly (case) and 120 matched for age and sex were recruited from eye clinic (control). After collecting the data by a questionnaire and interview, we analyzed the data by chi-square, independent T test and logistic regression using SPSS 11.5.
Findings: substance abuse in friends was 79% in cases and 33.9% in controls while in family members these ranges were 28.8% and 28.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference between case and control groups of friends (p in regard with the addiction of friends that is effective in substance abuse tendency, it is necessary to consider this point by both family and authorities.