نشریه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 62، تابستان 1394)

The nation-state or national government is one of common concepts that refer to making a politic unit in a specific geographical territory based on the wills of people there. While the basis of national government is the pervasive and unique identity in the specific land, cultural differences due to ethnic and religious tendencies are always basic and important obstacles in the formation of a national government.
Although in the past century ethnic and religious tensions and rivalries in Syria were the causes of many challenges in Syria, resent crisis make the Ethnic and religious gap in Syria deeper. Therefore the formation of identity challenges there, make a lot of trouble to form an inclusive national government.
This paper tries to answer the question “what are the obstacles to the formation of national government in Syria?“ therefore it considers the dominance of international and transnational identities, geographical gap and people- government gap as some basic problems to form this government. These factors make identity policy of elite rulers of Syria ineffective to make a national nation- state. As before, it will be the basic obstacle in forming a national government in the future.

There is a core principle in Guerrilla war literature that due to this an unconventional struggle depends on the governmental partner in political, military and economic aspects, which is called "Third parties".
Guerrillas are worthless warriors when they threaten the interests of "Third Parties" in policy chess. So finally, the relationship between the governmental partners (Third Parties) with the guerrillas will end up to a "black hole" for the guerrillas.
It seems this theoretical issue is right in the term of ISIS. Therefore, it is possible to make the relationship of ISIS with the Third Parties to a black hole by planning an anti strategy against the strategy of Third Parties.
At least this process in theory will end up to self-destruction of ISIS by actors who was interested in the survival of the organization before.

The military intervention of Saudi Arabia and its allies in Yemen puts it in the new crisis, conflicts, and causes great damages for Yemenis. Arab coalition tries to change the balance of power in Yemen against Ansar ollah, Yemen army and the forces of resistance and in the end dominates on military and political process of it.
It requires a new approach to cope with the coalition forces by Yemen Resistance led by Ansarollah to continue this situation and change conditions on the ground. This approach needs to use all power dimensions and soft and hard tools appropriately and proportionately.
Accordingly, this paper attempts to explain and conceptualize requirements to cope with the Arab coalition on framework of New Public Diplomacy (Smart power).
According to this, it explains the various aspects of hard and soft power and the ways to use it to cope with Arab coalition while referring to basic components of the Arab coalition approach to invade to Yemen too.

When developments in West Asia and North Africa start, countries that are close to the conservatives try to change the balance of power to their benefits and against the resistance. This makes these two against each other more than ever. Yemen, the southern neighbor of Saudi Arabia, despite it is the neighbor of the leader of the conservatives, in recent months tends to an axis of the resistance. Six factors can be noted about the reasons of this issue. These are the growth of Wahhabism in Yemen and fear of it, the activities of Takfiri groups such as Al Qaeda and ISIS, inefficiency of the Yemeni government, Constructive actions of Ansarollah to realize the wills of the Yemeni people. In addition, ideological affinity with the ideology of the resistance axis beside historic conflict with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Yemeni efforts to achieve the balance of power with this country in framework of soft balance are the other reasons. These factors make Ansarollah capable to bring up most people and political movements in the country with itself as the representative of axis of resistance.

In recent years, there were always territorial, ethnic and religious crises and conflicts in the West of Asia. In various historical periods, countries in the region tried by effecting on diplomatic relations of the area upgrade their status and influence.
Kingdom of Qatar also despite its size and small population, the political system of absolute monarchy hereditary, lack of territorial depth, locating between two regional powers Iran and Saudi Arabia, and territorial disputes with its neighbors, tries to have an effective and active foreign policy plan by using an active diplomatic effort, media strategy, international political economy and diplomacy. The rulers of Qatar at the beginning of the developments in West Asia in 2011 chose an active regional policy by using their diplomatic, economic and media potentials.
Despite the relative success of the original, Qatar policies failed and exacerbated instability in the region due to geopolitical constraints, depending on foreign policy and complicated developments in West Asia.
This research aims to explain the strategies and capacities of Qatar's foreign policy in addition to review the actions of this country in the developments in West Asia analyze the challenges and opportunities of this foreign policy.

Jihadi and Takfiri groups are one of effecting and important factors in political, social and religious currents in Middle East countries. It is one of the attractive and effective issues in research centers to study how these groups change and to predict their future actions and programs.
This paper focuses on Al-Qaeda activities, the rise, and the development of ISIS. Therefore, by offering 10 indicators, it will analyze the process of change and evolution of al-Qaeda Jihadist organization to rise of the ISIS Takfiri organization.