Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Summer 2015

Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate maker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study is assessment of relationship between CIMT and infra-renal abdominal aorta diameter in women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
The current case-control study was conducted in department of radiology of Shahid Sadoghi hospital in Yazd medical science university 2012 to 2013. Forty women between 20-40 years old with at least 6 months after pregnancy were enrolled, 20 participants with GDM in last pregnancy and 20 participants without history of GDM. All participants underwent physical exam and laboratory findings. Finally Carotid intima-media thickness and infra abdominal aorta diameter were obtained.
over all comparison between GDM and non GDM groups revealed no significant difference in mean CIMT and infra-renal abdominal aorta diameter. FBS between two groups reveal significant statistically difference (P-value Our study suggested GDM may not relate to CIMT and infera-renal abdominal aorta diameter. Also current study revealed women with history of GDM are prone to having impaired fasting glucose.

DM is a major medical problem in developing countries such as Iran. Blood sugar and lipids levels increase in diabetics exacerbates the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) late complications. Researchers have focused on herbal medicines improve sugar and lipid levels against side decreasing effects and possible inefficacy of chemical drugs. This study has assessed the effect of curcumin on fructosamine, lipids profile and lipid peroxidation in patients with type 2 DM.
Sixty type II diabetics (40-60 years old) with history of diabetes above 10 years who had referred to diabetes center of Shahid Sadoughi medical university, were randomly divided in to two groups of case and control. The case group daily received two capsules of 250mg curcumin for 6 weeks and the control group took placebo over the trialperiod. Blood samples were collected in both groups at the beginning and end of the experiment .The cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low and high density lipoprotein were measured by auto analyzer (Auto lab). The rest of serums were frozen for measuring fructosamine and malondialdehyde by nitroblue tetrazolium and thiobarbituric acid tests in same condition. These tests were repeated after six weeks. Statistic alanalysis was done by SPSS 15, paired and independent T-tests.
Results Finally, 48 participants completed the study. After 6 weeks, the case group showed significant decrease in fructosamine, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, malondialdehyde and increase in HDL-cholesterol (P=0.001) .At the end of study significant differences were observed between the meansfructosamine (P=0.023) and HDL-cholesterol (P=0.013) in two groups of case and control. No significant changes were observed for mean cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and malondialdehyde between two groups.
Consumption of curcumin capsules improved the lipid profile and decreased the fructosamine and lipid peroxidation

The recent study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic aerobic activity on the plasma levels of orexin A, leptin, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in males with type 2 diabetes.
Twenty subjects randomly assigned into control and experimental groups, involving 10 people in each group. Exercise protocol consisted of eight session aerobic exercise. Each session was done between 15 to 30 minutes so that in earlier weeks started with 50% of maximum heart rate for 15 minutes per day and continued with 80% of maximum heart rate for 30 minutes per day in last week. The heart rate was measured using heart rate monitor. Before the start of training and 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken from both groups.
the mean age of participants was 45.40 ± 5.42 year, mean weight was 80.91 ± 6.35 kg, the mean of body mass index was 25.41 ± 2.76 kg/m2.The analysis of findings in the P≤0.05 indicated that chronic aerobic exercise caused a significant increase in plasma leves of orexin A and significant decrease in insulin and insulin resistance, and leptin.
Chronic aerobic exercise can decrease the insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes via increasing the plasma levels of orexin A and decreasing in plasma level of glucose and insulin.

Anxiety and depression have a great effect on forming diabetes. Intermediations like metacognitive training has great effects on reducing the disease severity. Regarding the importance of depression in patients with diabetes, and the role of training in improving it, this study was done to survey the effectiveness of metacognitive training on depression level of diabetes type 2 patients.
This was a quasi-experimental. About 30 patients with diabetes type 2, who were members of Yazd’s Diabetes Study Center. They were divided in two groups randomly (15 were testing and 15 in control group). The testing group went through metacognitive training process, in 8 sessions. Both groups filled depression questionnaire before and after the course. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version16).
There is meaningful difference between test and control group (9.67 vs. 15.81) regarding depression in posttest and meaningfulness.
It can be said that metacognitive training has a positive effect on depression level of diabetes type 2 patients.

Cardiovascular disease (CAD) screening in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus is controversial. An exercise stress test is a safe and effective initial testing for Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) screening. Treadmill stress test is not the best screening method for a particular patient who is not able to exercise, abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) or positive exercise treadmill test (ETT) and other anatomical or functional studies are recommended to evaluate for the myocardial ischemia. This concept is supported by the high rate prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia, CAD and cardiovascular events rate. Coronary angiography is an expensive and invasive test which is considered as gold standard for diagnosis obstructive CAD and not be used for screening. In this review article we discussed about anatomical modalities (Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS)) and nuclear imaging (SPECT) for evaluation of silent ischemia.

Fetuin-A is a phosphorylated glycoprotein produced by liver.It by binding to calcium ion inhibits ectopic calcium deposition and protects vascular calcification. Fetuin-A acts as a multifactorial protein and its role has been documented from brain development to bone remodeling and immune function, regulation of insulin activity, hepatocyte growth factor activity and inhibition lymphocyte blastic transformation. Fetuin-A inhibits phosphorylation of insulin receptors in liver and muscle resulted to decreased insulin signaling, therefore, the high level of fetuin-A is associated with insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Also fetuin-A suppresses tyrosin kinase activity in muscle and liver via inhibiting the auto phosphorylation of this enzyme and insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS-1). Obesity also increases fetuin-A gene expression, indicating an important role of fetuin-A in predisposing to obesity. Also increased fetuin-A and plasma levels of proteins expression are associated with fat accumulation in liver. In this paper, Fetuin-A, its role in diabetes and insulin resistance, Fetuin-A, obesity and cardiovascular will be surveyed.

Hypoglycemia with multiple etiologies is a common in diabetic patients. The current study describes the probability of interaction between Maprotiline, Selective Serotonine Reuptake Inhibitors like Citalopram for induction of hypoglycemia.
A 47 year-old diabetic woman used Tablet Citalopram 20mg daily because of Generalized anxiety disorder from two years ago, but 1 week after prescription of Tablet Maprotiline 25mg at night, she had recurrent and symptomatic hypoglycemia episodes. After decline of dosage of Maprotiline, hypoglycemia was improved and follow discontinuation of it, was completely resolved.
The use of Maprotiline with Citalopram simultaneously may alter glycaemic control and induce a recurrent hypoglycemia and it is mentioned in the “warnings and precautions for implication”. Of course the clinically relevant adverse drug responses may not recognized in clinical practice.